【高考復(fù)習(xí)】英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)五大句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1、書(shū)面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)五大句型結(jié)構(gòu)講與練 一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)句型句型(1) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be+ 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(名詞名詞/代詞代詞) 【用法【用法】在本句型中，名詞或代詞作表語(yǔ)，名詞或代詞可帶附加成分。要注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。 Im a college student. It must be a grammar mistake.【練習(xí)【練習(xí)】 人類居住的唯一家園是地球。 失敗為成功之母。 所有這些詞典都對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆?門(mén)口那輛摩托車(chē)不是我的。 倘若我是你，我就采納他的建議。The only home for man to live on is the earth. Failure is the m

2、other of success.All these dictionaries are a great help to me. The motorcycle at the gate is not mine.If I were you, I follow take his advice. 句型句型 (2) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be + 形容詞形容詞 + (介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ))【用法【用法】在本句型中，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。用于本句型的形容詞有： 一般形容詞，如 fine, busy, absent, rich, angry, different等；多數(shù)形容詞后有固定的介詞搭配。表語(yǔ)形容詞，如ready, sure

3、, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。 跟of介詞短語(yǔ)的形容詞，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable 跟of介詞短語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述人的品行或特點(diǎn)的形容詞，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wis

4、e, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of 【練習(xí)【練習(xí)】 中國(guó)自然資源豐富。 王先生正忙于備課。 他對(duì)他兒子學(xué)習(xí)上的進(jìn)步感到自豪。 他們?nèi)鄙贂r(shí)間和錢(qián)。 你真糊涂，竟然相信他說(shuō)的話。 他總是樂(lè)于助人。China is rich in natural resources. He is very proud of his sons progress in study.They are short of time

5、 and money.Its very foolish of you to believe what he said. He is always ready to help others. Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons.【句型】【句型】(3) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞【用法【用法】在本句型中，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，大部分這類詞已被看作形容詞，它們用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明表示物的主語(yǔ)。用于本句型的現(xiàn)在分詞有：amusing(有趣的), boring(令人厭煩的), disappointing(令人失望的), charming(迷人的), inv

6、iting (引人注目的,吸引人的), confusing(混淆的), exciting(令人興奮的), embarrassing(令人為難的), discouraging(令人氣餒的), disturbing(煩擾的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(驚人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (駭人聽(tīng)聞的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高興的), touching(動(dòng)人的)，worrying(令人擔(dān)心的)等。This poem is v

7、ery moving. His speech was very boring.1.他的話使人相當(dāng)泄氣.2.這部電影的結(jié)局是令人失望的. 3.我放在桌上的英語(yǔ)書(shū)不見(jiàn)了.4.不斷增長(zhǎng)的死亡人數(shù)是駭人聽(tīng)聞的.What he said was discouraging.The end of the film is disappointing.The English book I put on the desk is missing.The increasing number of the death is shocking.【句型】【句型】 (4) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + (介詞短

8、語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ))【用法【用法】在本句型中，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，且常常帶介詞短語(yǔ)，介詞一般固定，不可隨便選用。用于本句型的過(guò)去分詞有：be worried about, be disappointed at, be prepared for, be based on, be lost in, be devoted to, be equipped with, be absorbed in , be located in He is lost in thought.The room is equipped with air-conditioners.They are worried about their

9、son.1.我們要為下一次考試做準(zhǔn)備.2.我對(duì)他頻頻遲到很失望.3.收到你的來(lái)信,我很高興.4.我們的教學(xué)樓座落在花園的前方.We must be prepared for the next exam.I am disappointed at his being late again and again.I was delighted to hear from you .Our teaching building is located in front of the garden.【句型】主語(yǔ)【句型】主語(yǔ)+ be + 形容詞形容詞 + that從句從句【用法【用法】在本句型中形容詞作表語(yǔ)。連詞

10、that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：sure, aware, careful, certain, determined等。that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)：sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。 Well quite sure that he will succeed.Im very glad that you were able to come.1.我恐怕有著不一樣的觀點(diǎn).2.他很高興得到了上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì).3.我肯定這會(huì)對(duì)我們的自然環(huán)境造成影響.4.如此多的動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕,我感到很難過(guò).I am afr

11、aid that I have a different opinion.He was glad that he got the opportunity to go to university.I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment.I feel sad that so many animals are endangered.【句型【句型 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+特殊連系動(dòng)詞特殊連系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)【用法【用法】 常見(jiàn)的“特殊連系動(dòng)詞”可分為三類：表示“變成某種狀態(tài)”意義的系動(dòng)詞：become, come, fall,

12、get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, turn out, wear, work. 表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”意義的系動(dòng)詞：continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay 表示 “自己感覺(jué)或令人感覺(jué)” 意義的系動(dòng)詞：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。 Her ideal has come true Why do you keep silent? 你的手摸起來(lái)很涼。Your

13、 hand feels cold. 所有的樹(shù)葉都變黃了。All the leaves have turned yellow. 他們?cè)谟懻撝腥急３殖聊hey all remained silent in the discussion. 二、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)二、主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 【句型】【句型】(1) There + be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 【用法【用法】在本句型中there僅起引導(dǎo)作用, 本身無(wú)詞義。謂語(yǔ)在前, 主語(yǔ)在后, 形成主謂倒裝。動(dòng)詞be表示“有”或“存在”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其緊鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致。be有時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 也可加入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。否定式是將not加在be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后, 作主語(yǔ)的名詞前

14、常常帶有a/an/any。也可在主語(yǔ)前加no (no = not a/an.any)。have和there+be的區(qū)別：從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)講, have前須有主語(yǔ), 而there+be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)be 之后。從意義上來(lái)講, 二者都可譯為“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”關(guān)系, 譯成漢語(yǔ)為 “某人(物)擁有某(人)物”。而there+be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在”關(guān)系, 譯為 “某地(某時(shí))有某物(某人)”。 There is going to be a football match tonight.(將來(lái)時(shí)) There were many children in the park yesterd

15、ay.(過(guò)去時(shí)) There hasnt been any rain for some days.(完成時(shí)) There must be no more time left. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) There used to be a cinema here before the war.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) Xiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.【練習(xí)【練習(xí)】桌上有盞燈，一本字典和幾本筆記。There is a lamp, a dictionary and so

16、me notebooks on the table. 花園里有許多蘋(píng)果樹(shù)。 There are many apple trees in the garden.我的小車(chē)一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wring with my car.這里戰(zhàn)前曾有一座電影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.今年有個(gè)好收成。There will be a good harvest this year. 近十天一直沒(méi)有雨。 There hasnt been any rain for ten days. 這一對(duì)夫婦之間

17、可能發(fā)生過(guò)爭(zhēng)吵。There might have been a quarrel between the couple. 在上下班的擁擠時(shí)刻，應(yīng)該有更多的公共汽車(chē)。There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour.【句型】【句型】(2) There + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)【用法【用法】在there+be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)不用be而用： 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：seem to be(似乎), happen to be (碰巧有/碰巧是), be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起

18、來(lái)) used to be(曾經(jīng)有)；不及物動(dòng)詞：live(生活有/住著),stand(佇立/站著), come, exist(存在), rise(升起), lie(位于/有), occur(發(fā)生/有), fly(飛), remain(仍/還有/保持)，stand(站/屹立), hang(掛著), rise(升起), run(流淌/行駛), occur(發(fā)生/出現(xiàn))等。eg:There happened to be a bad flood that year. There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons. One evening there

19、 flew over the city a little swallow. There remained just twenty-eight pounds.雙方之間發(fā)生了一些誤會(huì)。There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides.從前中國(guó)有一個(gè)國(guó)王。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 似乎有個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 There appears to be a mistake. 一個(gè)陌生人出現(xiàn)在小鎮(zhèn)上。There appeared a stranger in the small town.離湖

20、不遠(yuǎn)有一座由人工堆起來(lái)的小山。There stands a man-made hill near the lake. 火災(zāi)之后他的房子片瓦不留。There remained nothing of his house after the fire.墻上掛著毛主席的畫(huà)像。There hangs a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall.在我們社會(huì)里依然存在著階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)。There still exists class struggle in our society.從小山背后升起了半個(gè)月亮。There rose a half moon from behind th

21、e hills.一條小溪圍著村子流過(guò)。There runs a small stream around the village. 【句型】【句型】SV(3) There + be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)【用法【用法】在there+be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可作定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如果被修飾對(duì)象和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系, 且表示正在進(jìn)行/狀態(tài), 則用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ); 如是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 且表示完成, 則用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ); 如表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情, 則常用不定式主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ),也可以直接用從句。 There is a man waiting for you. There were ten pe

22、ople killed in the crash.There are ten soldiers to attend the celebration. There is a girl that I know.有許多家務(wù)要做。 Theres plenty of housework to do.我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)可說(shuō)話的人。 There was no one for us to talk to.有幾個(gè)人我希望你見(jiàn)見(jiàn)面。There s some people Id like you to meet.當(dāng)心，有輛車(chē)正在開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)。 Look out! There is a car coming. 這里有一臺(tái)剛從日本

23、進(jìn)口的新水泵。There is a new pump just imported from Japan. 現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議在這里召開(kāi)。 Now there is an international meeting being held. 當(dāng)時(shí)街上有一輛公共汽車(chē)和幾個(gè)行人。There was a bus and some passengers at that time.老板告訴我有幾封信要答復(fù)。The boss told me that there were several letters to be answered. 【句型】【句型】(4) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 + (狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)

24、)【用法【用法】在本句型中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。狀語(yǔ)一般都是用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做表示的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、目的、條件、結(jié)果、方式、方法、狀態(tài)等。作狀語(yǔ)的可能是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)等。Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday.We stopped to have a rest. Ill go swimming.在地平線上升起了一輪紅日。A red sun is rising from under the horizon. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得不正常。This machine is not running correctly. 我在海濱居住

25、已有三月。 I have been living at the seaside for three months. 昨天在我家房子的外面發(fā)生了一個(gè)事故。The accident happened outside my house yesterday. 我們學(xué)校每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。Classes begin at eight in our school every day. 【句型】【句型】 (5) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) + (狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)) 【用法【用法】在本句型中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 狀語(yǔ)可能是副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或一個(gè)從句。 The gas has g

26、iven out.煤氣用完了。 My ink has run out. 我的鋼筆水用完了。 The whole family go to church every Sunday.全家每星期天去教堂做禮拜。 Those children are always quarrelling over little things.那些孩子們總是為小事而爭(zhēng)吵。 在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.有一些規(guī)則正在逐漸消失。Some of the rules are

27、 dying out gradually.他在敵人面前寧死不屈。He would rather die than give in before the enemy. 現(xiàn)在人們的思想發(fā)生了很大變化。Now, a great change in the peoples thinking has come about.哪里工作艱苦，他們就出現(xiàn)在哪里。They showed up where the work is difficult. 【句型】【句型】(6) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 + 副詞副詞(狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ))【用法【用法】在本句型中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，但有被動(dòng)意義。狀語(yǔ)多是副詞，說(shuō)

28、明事物的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)。 Such houses rent easily. 這樣的房子很容易租出去。 The door locks easily. 這扇們很容易鎖。我們的產(chǎn)品在歐洲市場(chǎng)上非常暢銷。Our products sell very well on the European market.這種不料很耐洗。This sort of cloth washes well.這種火柴很容易劃著。The match lights easily.這個(gè)計(jì)劃進(jìn)展順利。The plan worked smoothly.那天他們都衣著漂亮整潔。They all dressed well and neatly t

29、hat day.【句型】【句型】 (7) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 + 不定式不定式(狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ))【用法【用法】在本句型中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生目的、原因或結(jié)果。表示目的的是：(not) to do, in order (not) to do, so + adv. + (not)to do。表示結(jié)果的是：to do, only to do.He has gone to fetch his cap. (目的)He stood up to see better. (目的) He looked up to see the door slowly

30、 opening. (結(jié)果)He shivered to think of that horrible idea. (結(jié)果)他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。He shouted so as to attract everybodys attention.他們來(lái)到機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛走了。They got to the airport only to find the plane had already left.他大聲地說(shuō)，以便讓人們聽(tīng)清楚他的話。He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.為了趕上會(huì)議他早晨六點(diǎn)以前就動(dòng)身了。He starte

31、d before six in the morning in order to attend the meeting in time.看見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩，她笑了。She smiled to see the children playing on the playground. 三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【句型】【句型】 (1) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 名詞名詞/代代【用法【用法】在本句型中，及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ), 名詞或代詞的賓格作賓語(yǔ)。一些及物動(dòng)詞用于此結(jié)構(gòu)，就可表達(dá)完整的意義，無(wú)須添加其它成分。如果有狀語(yǔ)，也可省略，一般不影響句意的完整。大多數(shù)這類動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 I kno

32、w her very well. He wrote two books last year.She changed his clothes. I drank a glass of beer. 剛才是誰(shuí)接的電話？Who answered the telephone just now? 我簡(jiǎn)直不能相信我的眼睛。I just could not believe my eyes. 他立即聽(tīng)出是他的聲音。He immediately recognized his voice. 警察抓住了火車(chē)上的小偷。The police caught the thief in the train. 他們進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)實(shí)

33、驗(yàn)很成功。They performed a scientific experiment successfully. 句型】句型】(2) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)【用法【用法】在本句型中，除主、謂、賓外，還有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)多為介詞短語(yǔ)。這里的狀語(yǔ)不可省，否則話未說(shuō)完，句意便不清楚。I put all the books in that box。 I found a letter under his pillow. 他把桌子推近窗戶。 He pushed the table nearer the window. 她把她的嬰兒抱在懷里。 She carried he

34、r baby in her arms. 我們跟隨著化學(xué)老師進(jìn)入辦公室。 We followed our chemistry teacher into his office. 昨天校長(zhǎng)領(lǐng)著外賓參觀了我校。 Yesterday our headmaster showed some foreign guests around our school. 【句型】【句型】(3) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + 不定式不定式【用法【用法】在本句型中，動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的或結(jié)果。表目的時(shí)，可在不定式前加for sb.，表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；可在不定式前加in order或so as。 H

35、e opened the door to let the cat in. They will need two hours to finish the work.I put the book on the table for you to read. 昨天晚上他們開(kāi)了個(gè)晚會(huì)來(lái)慶祝他們的成功。 They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. 他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是為了將來(lái)更好地工作。 They study English in order to work better in the future. 他買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)給他兒子騎

36、。 He bought a bike for his son to ride. 他每天做晨練，為的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。 He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body. 【句型】【句型】(6) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have + 名詞名詞 + 不定式不定式(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)【用法【用法】在本句型中，謂語(yǔ)是have (got), 不定式作名詞的定語(yǔ)，表示“(主語(yǔ))有某事要做”。不定式須為及物動(dòng)詞，若表示不定式的動(dòng)作是句中主語(yǔ)做的，不定式用to do(主動(dòng)式), 若表示不定式的動(dòng)作不是由句中主語(yǔ)做的，而是由其他人去做的，不定式用to be don

37、e(被動(dòng)式)。He has nothing to say. We have nobody to depend on. She has a nice room to live in.The manager has a document to be typed. 我今天下午有個(gè)會(huì)要參加。 I have (got) a meeting to attend this afternoon. 我有許多信要回。 I have (got) a lot of letter to answer. 那個(gè)秘書(shū)要處理的文件太多了。 The secretary has (got) too many papers to d

38、eal with. 我有一件行李要受檢查。 I have (got) a piece of luggage to be examined【句型】【句型】(8) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+ 名詞名詞【用法【用法】在本句型中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)名詞和一個(gè)特定的介詞組成)作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)起及物動(dòng)詞的作用，后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方式有兩種：一是用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞作主語(yǔ)，二是用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面的賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如：catch sight of, lose sight of, take an interest in, take part in, pay a visit to,

39、 make use of, give care to, pay attention to, take care of等I didnt pay attention to it at first.最初我沒(méi)有注意到它。You should give more care to your study. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)更加認(rèn)真。 我們必須爭(zhēng)分奪秒掌握更多的知識(shí)。We must make good use of every minute to master some more knowledge.警察最后抓住了那個(gè)小偷。The police caught hold of the thief at last.

40、應(yīng)該更多地注意貧窮和饑餓。Some more attention should be paid to poverty and hunger.你必須改掉吸煙的不良習(xí)慣。You must get rid of the bad habit of smoking.我們必須充分利用目前這良好的條件。We must take the fullest advantage of the present good condition.【句型】【句型】 (11) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+不定不定【用法【用法】在本句型中，疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。這種動(dòng)詞不定式一般都是表示尚未進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而

41、不能表示已經(jīng)進(jìn)行或過(guò)去進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般都可用賓語(yǔ)從句替換。常用于本句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, explain, observe, understand, consider, forget, wonder, guess, decide, remember, see, find out, determine, inquire, settle, discover, know, tell, think out, discuss, learn, think等。We havent determined when to start. Ill find out which number to dial.我

42、不知道選哪個(gè)好。I wonder/dont know which to choose.我們將討論一下如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 We will discuss how to solve the problem.我不知道該向誰(shuí)求助。I dont know whom to turn to for help.我在考慮下步怎么辦。Im thinking what to do next.他不知道講話一開(kāi)始該說(shuō)什么好。He didnt know what to say at the beginning of his talk. 【句型】【句型】(15) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ that賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句用法用

43、法在本句型中及物動(dòng)詞后跟連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that無(wú)任何詞義，在一些常用動(dòng)詞之后可以省略。常用于本句型的動(dòng)詞有： accept, decide, hope, realize, announce, know, remember, answer, learn, mean, ask, mention, mind, explain, say, notice, see, show, find, state, permit, 等。 用于“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”的動(dòng)詞有： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，feel. 賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞有：suggest，

44、propose，recommend，advise，order，command, demand， request，require , instruct， insist，prefer, desire, wish. doubt用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)須用that, 但在肯定句中須用whether.He has learned that he failed in the examination. He regretted that the work had been left unfinished 我希望明天天氣保持晴朗。I hope (that) the weather will stay fine t

45、omorrow. 他假裝病了以便能待在家里。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 醫(yī)生建議他不要再抽煙。The doctor suggested that he(should) not smoke any more我們認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電腦。We dont think its necessary to buy a new computer.他從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。 He never admits that he is wrong.政府宣布他們將修建一條通向山區(qū)的新公路。The government announce

46、d that they would build a new highway to the mountain.【句型】【句型】(16) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+“疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞”從句從句【用法【用法】在本句型中，賓語(yǔ)從句用疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞或連詞whether/if引導(dǎo)，但賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。常用于本句型的動(dòng)詞有：tell, agree, discuss, know, see, ask, doubt, learn, settle, say，believe, explain, disagree, imagine, discover.I dont know if hell have a tr

47、y at it. I doubt if he will succeed.Theyre discussing how they can solve the problem. 他還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候回國(guó)。He hasnt decided when he will leave for his homeland.我們討論了什么時(shí)候召開(kāi)全體人員會(huì)議。We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held.他問(wèn)王先生的手術(shù)是否成功。He asked if Mr. Wangs operation had been successful.

48、他解釋了怎樣使用那臺(tái)機(jī)器。He explained how the machine was used.你有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這些日子以來(lái)是誰(shuí)一直在給你送花?Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days? 四、主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)四、主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)【句型】【句型】(1) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 代詞代詞 + 名詞名詞【用法【用法】 在本句型中，及物動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，前一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)，一般用人稱代詞賓格，用以指人，后一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ)，一般用名詞，用以指物。 如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)，或間接賓語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，或直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，要

49、將間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，并在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to He wrote a letter to the manage last night. Youve done a great wrong to your boy. 她把她的舊自行車(chē)賣(mài)給了我。She sold her old bicycle to me. 下次來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)把那封信帶給我。Bring me the letter next time you come.吸煙對(duì)你沒(méi)有任何好處。Smoking wont do you any good.他把他的座位讓給一位老人。He offered his seat to an old man.我已把這好消息

50、告訴我所有的朋友了。I have told the good news to all my friends.【句型】【句型】(3) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+名詞名詞 +介詞介詞+名詞名詞【用法【用法】在本句型中，及物動(dòng)詞除帶一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)外，還通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞帶另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一般稱為介詞賓語(yǔ)，這里介詞不可省略，也不可任意選用。有些直接賓語(yǔ)帶有附加成分，這時(shí)可將介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般用直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)放在句尾，介詞不可省略。 explain sth. to sb. hear sth. from sb. add sth. to sth ,express st

51、h. to sb. suggest sth. to sb. spend sth. on sth. name sb. after sth. waste sth on sth thank sb. for sth. stop sb. from -ing supply sb. with sth devote sb. to sthremind sb. of sth. tell sb.of sth. warn sb. of sth.我們把自己的方案向委員會(huì)做了說(shuō)明。We explained our plan to the committee. 我們祝賀他通過(guò)了考核。We congratulated him

52、 on having passed the examination. 他接到了大會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)信。He receive an invitation letter from the conference. 護(hù)士致力于病人的護(hù)理事業(yè)。Nurses devote themselves to the care of the sick. 【句型】【句型】SVOO (4) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ 名名/代代 +that-clause 【用法【用法】在本句型中，及物動(dòng)詞帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，前一個(gè)為名詞或人稱代詞，后一個(gè)為由連詞that或wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。用于本句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, inform, pro

53、mise, teach, remind, tell, convince, persuade, show, warn, show, ask等。 He told me that he would bring up the point at the next meeting. Facts have shown us that he is trustworthy. 她答應(yīng)弟弟將給他寫(xiě)信。She promised her brother that she would write to him.他警告我說(shuō)，那個(gè)人是很危險(xiǎn)的。He warned me that the man was very danger

54、ous.醫(yī)生建議我臥床休息幾天。The doctor advised me that I should stay in bed for a couple of days.請(qǐng)告訴我哪一條路去郵局最近。Please tell me which is the shortest way to the post office. 五、主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)五、主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)【句型【句型】SVOOc (1) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 名名/代代 + 賓賓補(bǔ)【用法補(bǔ)【用法】在本句型中，名詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。本句型可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有：appoint (任命), think, call (稱呼),

55、elect(選舉), make(使成為), consider(認(rèn)為), choose, find, name(命名), believe, keep(保守)等。 consider和choose的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前可用as. He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命為市長(zhǎng)。You must keep it a secret.你必須保守秘密。他的名字叫理查德, 但是我們都稱他狄克。His name is Richard but we all call him Dick. 黨使他成為一名優(yōu)秀的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。The party made him a fine commu

56、nist fighter. 他當(dāng)選為這次大會(huì)的主席。He was elected chairman of the conference.我們將選他當(dāng)學(xué)校足球隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。 We shall choose him (as) our school football team leader. 【句型】【句型】 (3) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ 名名/代代 + 形容詞形容詞 【用法【用法】在本句型中，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)所保持的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生變化后的狀態(tài)。 如果賓語(yǔ)帶附加成分或賓語(yǔ)部分過(guò)長(zhǎng)，則可將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)的前面。用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有：see, leave, set, find, push,

57、get, like, make, turn, have, wash, drive, keep, wish, let等。 I found him ill in bed. The news made everyone of us very sad. I have my hands full. 我忙得不可開(kāi)交。你必須在八點(diǎn)以前把會(huì)議的一切準(zhǔn)備好。You must get everything for the meeting ready before eight. 他推開(kāi)了那座房子的后門(mén)。He pushed open the back door of the house.他妻子死去的消息把他逼瘋了。T

58、he news of his wifes death drove him crazy.別留下我一個(gè)人！Dont leave me alone.【句型】【句型】(4) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ 名名/代代 + to be【用法【用法】在本句型中，“動(dòng)詞不定式to be +名詞/形容詞”用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有時(shí)“to be”可以省略。 用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有：consider, find, prove, appoint(任命), declare, hold, report, imagine, see, believe, discover, know, suppose, choose, elect,

59、 observe, take, guess, think, feel等。 I saw the plan to be all right.Will you take this man to be your husband?They all claimed it to be true. 我們相信他是個(gè)忠誠(chéng)老實(shí)的人。We believe him to be a loyal and honest man. 我猜他超過(guò)八十歲了。I guess him to be over eighty.他們自以為比別人聰明。They considered themselves to be cleverer than o

60、thers. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人都很勤勞勇敢。They find the Chinese people to be brave and hard-working.【句型【句型】SVOOc (5) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ 名名/代代 + do sth.【用法【用法】在本句型中，省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加上to。用于本句型的及物動(dòng)詞有： 感官動(dòng)詞：listen (to), watch, feel, look (at), see, hear, notice, sense make (迫使, 促使), let (讓, 允許), help have(使,