初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法------直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件 (3)

1、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)Direct Speech and Indirect Speech潼南上和中學(xué)校李熊Review賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)序：時(shí)態(tài)：thatif/whether疑問詞陳述語(yǔ)序主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可以是需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。從句如果描述的是客觀真理、科學(xué)理論等則永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句直接引語(yǔ)： 直接引述別人的原話.直接引語(yǔ)的前后必須加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)： 轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)前后不加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的定義直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)可分為三大類：1）直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句2）直接引語(yǔ)為疑問句（一般疑問句、特

2、殊疑問句）3）直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的say, 也可用tell來代替，注意，可以說say that, tell sb. that，不可直接說tell that 陳述句e.g. He often says,“China is great.” He often says (that) China is great.Tom says,“I am a student.” Tom says (that) he is a student.He says,“I leave my book in your

3、 room” He said (that) he left his book in your room.一般疑問句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或i

4、f引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say要改為ask ，語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. “Is he all right?”They cried out.They cried out whether he was all right.注意：大多數(shù)

5、情況下，if ,whether 可以互換，但句中出現(xiàn)or (not),或放在介詞后作連接詞，只用whether。特殊疑問句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 原來的疑問詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask(sb. )來表達(dá)，語(yǔ)

6、序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，則改為tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.其他變化同上。祈使句He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said, “Dont talk any more.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.）人稱的變化口訣說明直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一隨主二隨賓三不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第

7、三人稱在變間引后去人稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一隨主，二隨賓，三不變Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He sai

8、d _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishersheheher

9、my1. We want you to take a message for her. said the Greens.The Greens told me that wanted to take a message for .theyme her2.Are you willing to lend us a hand? she said to him.She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.hethemHe says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a st

10、udent or a teacher.He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me, How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.”

11、The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door, please.”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.”She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them.2)

12、時(shí)態(tài)的變化He says, I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow. 如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變化如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要做出相應(yīng)的改變直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.My mother said that she ill that day.2.“We wor

13、k hard at English.” he said.wasHe said that they hard at English.worked1.They said to me, “We are working hard at a company.” They told me that they at a company.were working2.“I am writing a letter now.”she said.She said that she a letter then.was writingPractice :. John said, “I like reading adven

14、ture stories. ” John said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said,

15、“they are playing games over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，下列情況下時(shí)態(tài)不變注意：.直接引語(yǔ)若表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變.當(dāng)引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示過去某一具體時(shí)間時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不需改變1.Our teacher said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”O(jiān)ur teacher said that light _ much fas

16、ter than s2.“I graduated in 1966.”My brother said. My brother said that he in 1966.graduated1.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.” 2. My father said to me, “I was born in 1961.” The teacher told the students that the earth is round.My father told me that he was born in

17、 1961.nowthentodayThat daytonightThat nightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThe day beforelast nightThe night beforetomorrowThe next/following daynext The next/following 直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：直接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語(yǔ)中用go:直接引語(yǔ)中副詞here在間接引語(yǔ)中用there：直接引語(yǔ)中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：this變?yōu)閠hat; these變?yōu)閠hose本來就是that/those則不變。1. “What does this w

18、ord mean?” she asked me.She asked me what word meant.that2. “Can you see that map on the wall?” he asked me.He asked me if I could see map on the wall.that3. “Do you like these toys?” Jane asked us.Jane asked us if we liked toys.those4. “Bring those balls to me.” said my sister.My sister asked us to

19、 bring balls to her.those1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Pet

20、er asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A.

21、he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have wa

22、lked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. I had walkedthat week he had walkedthat week I walkedlast week he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorr

23、ow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. wh