understanding dreams pp 中英文

1、Understanding Dreams in Psychotherapy and Life在心理治療和日常生活中理解夢Beijing, ChinaMay 19-20, 2012With Dr. Erik CraigSanta Fe, NM USA1Dream Quotes有關(guān)夢的名言A dream that is not understood is like a letter that is not opened.Talmud一個(gè)未被理解的夢就像一封未被拆開的信 塔木德It is the way of dreams to give us more than we ask.Carl Jung夢

2、帶給我們的超過我們所求、所想 卡爾榮格2Dream Quotes有關(guān)夢的名言Dreams seem to be induced not by reason but by desire, not by the head, but by the heart. Fyodor Dostoevsky夢好像被欲望而非理性，被心靈而非頭腦引導(dǎo) 陀思妥耶夫斯基The astonishment remains that one should dream.Ralph Waldo Emerson夢可以保全一個(gè)人的驚異 愛默生3Chuang-tse on Dreaming莊子的夢Once upon a time, I

3、, Chuang-Tse, dreamt that I was a butterfly fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and purposes a butterfly. I was aware only of following my fancy as a butterfly, and unconscious of my human individuality. Suddenly I awoke, and there I lay, myself again. Now I do not know whether I was then

4、a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man.(Cited from Boss, 1957, p. 11; cf. Chuang-tses Inner Chapters, end of Chapt. 2)很久以前，莊子夢見自己就是一只上下翻飛的蝴蝶。莊子覺得他的認(rèn)知和感覺都是一只蝴蝶，可是在潛意識(shí)當(dāng)中卻有人的性格。突然，自己醒了，又回到了自己的身體中。于是，莊子想我是一個(gè)夢見蝴蝶的人呢，還是一只夢見人的蝴蝶？4Where Dream Begins夢從哪里開始Strip

5、off kindness,Strip off shelter,Stripped down, friendless,Nor pride, nor warm shoes,Nor any coveringA cold man might useWhen there is no sun,When heart is gone.Without coat or cape, Shoestring or doorlatch, Or one cosy hope,Stripped of odds and ends,Even at last of love,Were the world ends,Go rich in

6、 povertyGo rich in poetry.This nothingnessIs plentitude,Honeycomb wildernessWhere the wild hare runs,Wind in the torn seams,Where rise buried suns,Where darkness begins.Here dream begins.May Sarton 5The Primary Problem Dream Analysis析夢的難題The basic problem of all forms of dream analysis is how to get

7、 from the phenomenon of the dream to understanding its meaning. This may be stated most briefly as follows:對于所有形式的析夢而言，最基本的難題在于如何從現(xiàn)象到理解它的意義。這個(gè)可以按如下描述：P U (The phenomenon to its understanding)P - U （從現(xiàn)象到理解）D M (The dream to its meaning/s)D - M （從夢到意義）In the clinical analysis of dreams this is stated

8、in terms of two different kinds of content. What are these?在臨床析夢中，這個(gè)難題呈現(xiàn)在兩種內(nèi)容中。這些是什么？6Two Kinds of Dream Content兩種夢的內(nèi)容Manifest Content顯性內(nèi)容The dream just as it is lived or remembered這個(gè)夢就像它產(chǎn)生和被記住的那樣Latent Content隱性內(nèi)容The meaning of the dream arrived at through the process of analysis夢的意義是通過分析而產(chǎn)生的This r

9、aises the question, “What is analysis?”一個(gè)問題產(chǎn)生了，“什么是分析？”7The Meaning of Analysis分析的意義The Greek word for analysis, analeuin, first appeared in Homers Odyssey where it described Penelopes “night work” of unraveling her uncles shroud.“分析”在希臘語中第一次出現(xiàn)在奧德賽中。它描述佩內(nèi)洛普每天晚上拆掉她叔叔的壽衣。The same word was used to desc

10、ribe the striking of tents to set out for a new camp, the unmooring of a ship before setting out to sea, and the untying of bonds to set a slave free.“分析”也被用在拆解帳篷以為了新的扎營；解開栓繩，揚(yáng)帆出發(fā)；解開綁索，給奴隸自由。Analysis, then, means “unraveling something to set it free for other, future purposes and projects.” “分析”意味著，

11、解放并給予他人自由，去追尋未來的計(jì)劃和目的。8Primary Systematic Approaches to Dream Analysis析夢的主要體統(tǒng)途徑We will focus on the heuristic possibilities of four major systematic approaches to dream analysis. Each of these approaches has now succeeded in unlocking the secrets of millions of dreams. These four heuristic approache

12、s are:我們將聚焦于四種主要析夢的系統(tǒng)方式的探索可能性。這四種方法每一個(gè)都成功地解開了數(shù)以萬計(jì)的夢的秘密。這四種探索性的方式是：Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) 精神分析（弗洛伊德）Analytical Psychology (Carl Jung) 分析心理學(xué)（榮格）Gestalt Psychotherapy (Fritz Perls) 格式塔心理治療（皮爾斯）Existential or Daseinsanalysis (Medard Boss) 存在分析（博斯）9What is Heuristic?什么是探索性？Heuristic: Serving to d

13、iscover 探索性：為了發(fā)現(xiàn)而服務(wù) Gr. Heuretikos: to discover, to find 希臘文：去發(fā)現(xiàn)，去找到 Archimedess Discovery: Eureka 阿基米德的發(fā)現(xiàn)：我找到了！Heuristics: Flexible, open-ended processes that allow individuals to learn things independently and for themselves探索性：彈性、結(jié)局開放的過程，允許個(gè)體獨(dú)立的為他們自己學(xué)習(xí)。Archimedes: Exemplar of the spirit of heuris

14、tics阿基米德：靈性探索的典范10Universal Heuristic Processes普遍性的探索性進(jìn)程All four primary systematic approaches to dream analysis engage in four basic processes for the everyday and clinical study of dreams. These are:所有這四種主要的系統(tǒng)析夢方式都包含著四個(gè)步驟以解析日常和臨床研究中的夢，它們是：Recalling 回憶Exploring 探索Understanding 理解Synthesizing (Artic

15、ulating) 綜合11HEURISTIC PROCESS I: RECALLING THE DREAM探索性步驟 1：回憶夢Primary Problem: Dreams are often difficult to recall 主要難題：夢常常難以回憶 Dreams are jealous of being remembered; they dissipate instantly and angrily if you try to hold them.夢討厭被記?。划?dāng)我們試圖抓住它們的時(shí)候，它們會(huì)很生氣地轉(zhuǎn)瞬溜走。 愛默生Ralph Waldo Emerson12HEURISTIC P

16、ROCESS I: RECALLING THE DREAM探索性步驟 1：回憶夢We have 5-100 or more dreams every night. Our problem is not having dreams but remembering them. Dream recall can be increased in several ways:我們每晚會(huì)做5100個(gè)，甚至更多的夢。我們的難題不是要有夢，而是要記住它們。有幾種方法可以有效地幫助我們記住夢：Taking sleeping and dreaming seriously,認(rèn)真地對待睡覺和做夢Learning abo

17、ut both sleeping and dreaming,了解睡眠和夢的知識(shí)Being anxious (“thin boundaried”) & self reflective,伴有焦慮和自我反省狀態(tài)Having others with whom to share dreams,找人分享自己的夢And, most important, waking up during REM sleep.在快速眼動(dòng)期醒來Many people find it helpful to have paper and pencil handy to write down their dreams immediat

18、ely.在枕頭邊準(zhǔn)備筆和紙，隨時(shí)記下自己的夢13HEURISTIC PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAM探索性步驟 2：探索夢Primary Problem: You dont yet know enough about the dream or the dreamer, even if that dreamer is you, yourself.主要難題：你對夢和做夢者沒有足夠的了解，即使那個(gè)做夢者是你自己。 There are 4 basic kinds of mental processes and methods for gathering relevant

19、information (developing a context) for understanding dreams:以下有4種步驟和方法可以用來搜集夢的信息，以理解夢：Association & Associative methods (Freud and Jung). 自由聯(lián)想（弗洛伊德和榮格）Imagination & Imaginative methods (Jung). 想像法（榮格）Dramatization & Dramatic methods (Perls). 戲劇表演法（皮爾斯）Description & phenomenological methods (Boss /ex

20、plication).描述和現(xiàn)象學(xué)方法（博斯）14PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMAssociation/Associative Methods (Freud) A步驟2：探索夢自由聯(lián)想法 （弗洛伊德）AFree Association from Freuds psychoanalysis:弗洛伊德精神分析的自由聯(lián)想Divide dream into meaning units.給夢劃分意義單元Say what comes to your mind spontaneously with the first meaning unit (not just words

21、but whole comments or life stories). 說出關(guān)于第一個(gè)意義單元的最先浮現(xiàn)在腦海中的詞句（不要僅僅說詞，而要講故事）Keep associating freely until finished. 保持自由聯(lián)想直到結(jié)束。d) Complete with all meaning units of dream. 結(jié)合每一個(gè)意義單元的聯(lián)想15PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMAssociation/Associative Methods (Jung) B步驟2：探索夢自由聯(lián)想法 （榮格）BAmplification from Jungs an

22、alytical psychology:榮格的分析心理學(xué)的單點(diǎn)放大Divide dream into meaning units.給夢劃分意義單元Say what comes to your mind spontaneously with the first meaning unit (not just words but whole comments or life stories).說出關(guān)于第一個(gè)意義單元的最先浮現(xiàn)在腦海中的詞句（不要僅僅說詞，而要講故事）After first association return to the same meaning unit and repeat u

23、ntil no more associations occur. 第一個(gè)自由聯(lián)想之后再回到同一個(gè)意義單元繼續(xù)聯(lián)想直到?jīng)]有聯(lián)想為止。d) Complete with all meaning units of the dream.結(jié)合每一個(gè)意義單元的聯(lián)想16PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMImagination/Imaginative Methods (Jung) A步驟2： 探索夢想像法 （榮格）AActive Imagination from Jung/analytical psychology: 榮格分析心理學(xué)的積極想像Select a puzzling, un

24、intelligible image in the dream.選取夢里面一個(gè)難以理解、莫名其妙的意象Set your attention on that image in the dream. 對該意象集中注意力Observe what happens as you continue to observe the image. 發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)你探索這個(gè)意象時(shí)發(fā)生了什么Allow your imagination free reign. 允許你的夢自由的展開Dont force or control your imagination, let it occur. 不要強(qiáng)迫或控制你腦海中的想像，就讓它發(fā)

25、生。17PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMImagination/Imaginative Methods (Jung) B步驟2：探索夢想像法 （榮格）B2) Imaginative Dialogue from Jung/analytical psychology: 榮格分析心理學(xué)的想像對話Select a puzzling, unintelligible person in the dream.在夢中選取一個(gè)難以理解、莫名其妙的人。Set your attention on that person in the dream. 對這個(gè)人集中關(guān)注。Allow an i

26、maginative dialogue to occur between you and that person. Allow your imagination free reign. 允許你與這個(gè)人有一番想像的對話，允許這個(gè)想像自由發(fā)展。Notice what you say to each other or what you do. 注意你們之間談了什么或者做了什么Dont force or control your imagination, let it occur.不要強(qiáng)迫或控制你腦海中的想像，就讓它發(fā)生。18PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDramati

27、zation/Dramatic Methods (Perls) A步驟2：探索夢戲劇表演法 （皮爾斯）ADramatic Reiteration from Perls/gestalt therapy:皮爾斯格式塔療法 戲劇化重現(xiàn)Tell the entire dream, first person, present tense. 以第一人稱現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述整個(gè)夢。For example: 例如： “I am walking into a dark room” “我走進(jìn)一個(gè)黑色的房子” “I am feeling” “我感受到” “The window is open and I am going o

28、ver.” “窗戶是打開的，我正在穿過它” “Now I see.hearsmelletc.” “現(xiàn)在我看見聽見聞到” “Now it is occurring to me that” “I see.” “現(xiàn)在我正在經(jīng)歷”“我看見”Allow yourself to experience the dream in the here and now, precisely as you recall it having occurred. 允許你自己體驗(yàn)夢中當(dāng)下的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)你回憶的時(shí)候，當(dāng)它正在發(fā)生。19PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDramatization/Dra

29、matic Methods (Perls) B步驟2： 探索夢戲劇表演法（皮爾斯）B 2) Dramatic Identification from Perls/gestalt therapy:皮爾斯格式塔療法 戲劇化認(rèn)同 Tell the entire dream, first person, present tense as another person or object in the dream. 用第一人稱和現(xiàn)在時(shí)，把自己當(dāng)作夢中的另一個(gè)人或一個(gè)物品來描述整個(gè)夢。For example: 例如“I am a dark roomsomeone is opening my doorno

30、one has been in me for years My door is now open and I see Sun Ying standing there looking nervousI am wondering why she is nervousIm the one who hasnt had a visitor in yearsI feel pain with every step she takes into me and I am creaking loudlydoesnt she get it, how much this hurts,” etc.“我是一間黑房子有個(gè)人

31、打開了我的門已經(jīng)有許多年沒人進(jìn)入我里面我的門正在打開，孫英站在那兒，看上去有點(diǎn)緊張我很奇怪她為什么緊張”Allow yourself to experience the whole dream in the here and now, as that other person or or object.允許你自己作為另一個(gè)人或物品體驗(yàn)夢中當(dāng)下的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。20PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDramatization/Dramatic Methods (Perls) C步驟2：探索夢戲劇表演法 （皮爾斯）C3) Dramatic Dialogue from Perls/

32、 gestalt therapy: 皮爾斯格式塔療法 戲劇化對白Select a puzzling or significant person in the dream. 選擇夢中的一個(gè)有疑惑或者重要Carry on a dialogue with that person with you playing the part of both persons (standing or sitting in the place of both individuals) . 你扮演夢中的自己和這個(gè)人，并進(jìn)行一場對話（可以分別站在或坐在彼此的位置）Carry out the dialogue in th

33、e first person, present tense as both yourself and the other person until it reaches some natural crisis or conclusion. 對話需要以第一人稱，現(xiàn)在時(shí)的方式在你自己和另一個(gè)人之間展開，直到有了結(jié)論或爭論。Say honestly what you think and feel as each of you. 真實(shí)地說出每個(gè)角色的想法和感受。Dont be concerned with appearance or propriety. 不要太考慮得不得體。21PROCESS II:

34、 EXPLORING THE DREAMDramatization/Dramatic Methods (Perls) D步驟2： 探索夢戲劇表演法（皮爾斯）D4) Dramatic Exaggeration from Perls/gestalt therapy皮爾斯格式塔療法 戲劇化夸張Notice where, in reliving the dream in the previous dramatizations, the affect or body tone was flat, incongruous or inappropriate (Perhaps even the whole r

35、eliving was so). Repeat the reiteration, identification, or dialogue but with fully expressed affect (perhaps imagine being on a grand stage and having to convince a full house)Allow yourself to experience the full emotional possibilities of the dream experience, again, here and now, but without phy

36、sical or emotional restraint.22PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDescription/Phenomenological Methods (Boss) A步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法 （博斯） Explication from Bosss Daseinsanalysis:博斯的存在分析 說明Retell or explicate the whole dream in detail. 復(fù)述或者說明夢的全部細(xì)節(jié)Divide the dream into meaning units.將夢劃分意義單元Explicate each meaning

37、 unit in turn.逐個(gè)說明意義單元Such explication or thick, rich, description can involve a number of phenomenological methods including definition, description, differentiation, specification, and relation. 這樣詳細(xì)的描述包含著許多現(xiàn)象學(xué)的方法，如：定義、描述、區(qū)分、說明和關(guān)系Complete with all meaning units of the dream. 整合所有的意義單元23PROCESS II:

38、 EXPLORING THE DREAMDescription/Phenomenological Methods (Boss) B步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法（博斯）B 2) Dreamers definition of dreamt phenomena.做夢者定義夢中的現(xiàn)象Select any phenomena (X) in the dream 選擇夢中任一現(xiàn)象（X）Ask, “What is an X?” or “Who is X?” 問，“X是什么？”或“X是誰？”Define an X as clearly as possible, as if to a completely nave

39、 or ignorant listener. Say exactly what kind of thing an X is. 盡量清楚地定義X，好像在對一個(gè)無知愚蒙的聽者講述。精確地描述X是什么種類的事物。The purpose is to articulate the basic structure, nature, purpose, or way of being typical of all Xs. 目的是清楚地標(biāo)明作為X這種事物的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、自然屬性、目的意圖或存在方式24PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDescription/Phenomenologica

40、l Methods (Boss) C步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法 （博斯）C 3) Dreamers description of dreamt phenomenon.做夢者描述夢中的現(xiàn)象Continuing to attend to X, describe an X in detail. 持續(xù)地關(guān)注X，描述一個(gè)X的細(xì)節(jié)。Ask or say what Xs are like or what this kind of person is like or what this person, X, is like in waking. 描述X是什么樣子，或者X是什么樣的人或者X在醒的時(shí)候是什么樣Th

41、e purpose is to indicate the spontaneous, everyday sense of an X, not the phenomenons nature but, rather, its qualities. 目的是描述平日對X的自發(fā)的看法，不是X的本質(zhì)，而是特征。25PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDescription/Phenomenological Methods (Boss) D步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法 （博斯）D4) Dreamers differentiation of dreamt phenomenon.做夢者對夢

42、中現(xiàn)象的區(qū)分Continuing to attend to X in the dream, differentiate an X from other similar kinds of things. (e.g., How is a bicycle different from and automobile? Lettuce different from rice? A student from a teacher? etc.) 持續(xù)關(guān)注夢中的X，區(qū)分X與一些類似事物。（例如，自行車與摩托車有什么區(qū)別？生菜與稻谷有什么不同？學(xué)生和老師的差別在哪里？）Ask or say how are Xs

43、in general are distinguished from Ys. 描述總體來看X怎么樣能夠區(qū)別于YThe purpose is to articulate how this particular kind of thing, an X, is different from other things in roughly the same category (e.g., modes of transportation, foods, learners). 目的是弄清楚X作為一種特殊的事物與近乎相同的其他事物的區(qū)別。26PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDes

44、cription/Phenomenological Methods (Boss) E步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法 （博斯）E5) Dreamers specification of dreamt phenomenon.做夢者對夢中現(xiàn)象的說明Continuing to attend to X, describe what this specific X was like in this specific dream, what this particular person X was like specifically in this dream. 持續(xù)關(guān)注夢中的X，描述這個(gè)獨(dú)特的夢中獨(dú)特的X是什

45、么樣的事物或人Pay attention to ways in which this specific object, person, or event appeared or occurred in this particular dream. 關(guān)注這個(gè)獨(dú)特的事物或人在這個(gè)獨(dú)特的夢中是如何呈現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的。The purpose is to articulate dreamers precise experience of X, not just in general, but as he, she, or it appeared uniquely in this particular drea

46、m. 目的是表明做夢者在這個(gè)獨(dú)特的夢中對X的獨(dú)特經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而不是泛泛的理解。27PROCESS II: EXPLORING THE DREAMDescription/Phenomenological Methods (Boss) F步驟2：探索夢現(xiàn)象學(xué)描述法（博斯）F6) Dreamers relation to dreamt phenomenon.做夢者對夢中現(xiàn)象的關(guān)系的把握Describe your relationship (thoughts, feelings, fantasies, beliefs, memories, etc.) to X as you experience that

47、relationship in waking life. 描述你與X的關(guān)系，像在醒時(shí)經(jīng)歷它的狀態(tài)（想法、感受、猜想、信念等等）Describe your relationship to X as you experienced that relationship specifically in this dream. 描述在這個(gè)特別的夢中你所經(jīng)歷的與X的關(guān)系。The purpose is to uncover the dreamers waking and dreamt response to the various dreamt phenomena (objects, persons, ch

48、aracters, institutions, settings, events, behaviors, etc.) . 目的是揭示做夢者醒時(shí)和夢時(shí)對各種現(xiàn)象（物體、人、角色、制度、北京、事件、行為等）的反映。28HEURISTIC PROCESS III: UNDERSTANDING THE DREAM步驟3：理解夢Primary Problem: How does the individuals experience while dreaming relate to his or her waking life? 主要難題：夢中的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)怎么和他/她的醒時(shí)的生活建立關(guān)聯(lián)。Aristotle

49、 suggested that the capacity to perceive analogies (or homologies) is the most important aptitude for dream interpretation. This is as true today as it was in ancient Greece. Once you have gathered the data associated with the dream, you are faced with discerning the dreams unique implications for t

50、he dreamers life. It is never just, “What does the dream mean?” but, crucially, “What does the dream mean to and for the dreamer?” 亞里士多德主張對類似性的敏察是析夢的最重要的才能。而這個(gè)主張今天仍然適用。一旦你搜集了與夢相關(guān)的信息，你就要面對如何辨別夢的獨(dú)特暗示與做夢者生活的聯(lián)系了。這絕對不是“這個(gè)夢的意思是什么”，而是“這個(gè)夢對于做夢者來說是為了什么”。29HEURISTIC PROCESS III: UNDERSTANDING THE DREAM步驟3：理解夢

51、Here are some potential clues to understanding the most significant meanings of a dream to and for the dreamer:這里有一些線索可以幫助理解夢對于做夢者而言的重要意義。Repetition. Notice trains of thought (ideas or themes) that were repeated in the process of reporting and gathering a context for understanding the dream. 重復(fù)：注意在報(bào)

52、告和搜集的過程中出現(xiàn)的一連串的不斷出現(xiàn)的想法Salience. Notice particularly intense, vivid, or salient moments in the dream itself or in the process of gathering a context for understanding it. 沉默：注意在夢中出現(xiàn)的或者在報(bào)告和搜集夢的過程中情感激烈的、鮮活的或沉默的時(shí)刻Development. Notice the sequences of events, or feelings in the dream. 發(fā)展：注意夢中事件和情感的發(fā)展30HEU

53、RISTIC PROCESS III: UNDERSTANDING THE DREAM步驟3：理解夢Intense Emotional Experience. Perhaps the most direct path leading from the dream to the dreamers waking life is intense affect. 情感激昂的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。很可能夢給做夢者醒時(shí)生活的最直接的帶領(lǐng)是來自激昂的影響。Therefore, notice any particularly strong emotions while the dream is being described and then ask, directly, “Where or when in your waking life do you or have you experienced that particular feeling?” 因此，關(guān)注在描述夢的時(shí)候任何特殊的強(qiáng)烈情感，然后問“當(dāng)你在醒時(shí)的生活中，在何時(shí)何處曾經(jīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)過這樣的情感？”31HEURISTIC PROCESS III:UNDERSTANDING THE DREAM步驟3：理解夢There are two classical ways of interpreting the images in the dream, objec