第三部分第四講定語從句

1、第三部分 語法專題突破第四講 定語從句目 錄用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1He flew to Paris two hours ago, he would stay for three days.2The whole city, 75% of factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.3Well put off the meeting till next week, we wont be so busy.wherewhosewhen4Rock climbing is a breathtaking activity, cooperation as we

2、ll as courage plays an important role.5Jacks speech was listened to by a group of five judges, all of agreed that it was the best one this year.6He was often late, made his teacher very angry.7My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.8This is the best hotel in the city I know.9This is the vil

3、lage Uncle Wang once lived in.10I dont know the reason he was late.wherewhomwhichasthatwhich/thatwhy 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；指代先行詞；在定語從句中作成分。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞的具體用法如下表所示：關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謙hat人或物主語、賓語、表語which物主語、賓

4、語、表語who人主語、賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.這家校內(nèi)商店放假時(shí)關(guān)門，它的顧客主要是學(xué)生。在定語從句中，使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)我們應(yīng)該考慮兩點(diǎn)：先行詞是“人”還是“物”；關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語why原因 (reason)原因狀語The girl arranged to have piano lesso

5、ns at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.小女孩準(zhǔn)備在培訓(xùn)中心與她的妹妹一起上鋼琴課，在那里她可以待一小時(shí)。 點(diǎn)睛(1)當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference

6、 tomorrow.記住在明天的會議上我們還有一點(diǎn)必須弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very close eye on her.她處于無望的處境中，在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。(2)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用依據(jù)：當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞時(shí)，一定要分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如果從句中缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞；如果缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則用關(guān)系代詞。This is the factory where she used to work.這是她以前工作過的那家工廠。This is the fac

7、tory that / which I visited last year.這是我去年參觀的那家工廠。“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞短語或介詞的賓語時(shí)，為了使關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系更加密切，可以將定語從句中的介詞或動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面。 使用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：(1)介詞的選擇介詞的選擇通常依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞短語的習(xí)慣搭配、介詞與先行詞的搭配或句子的意義來確定。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?這是你花高價(jià)買的車嗎？(根據(jù)從句謂語pay的搭配確定)The factor

8、y in which his father works is far away from my hometown.他父親工作的那家工廠離我們家鄉(xiāng)很遠(yuǎn)。(根據(jù)與先行詞的搭配確定)This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.這就是救了我兒子的那位飛行員。(根據(jù)意義搭配確定)點(diǎn)睛有些含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞短語不可拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。This is the little boy that you have been looking for.這就是你一直尋找的那個(gè)小男孩。(2)關(guān)系代詞的選擇介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞一般來講有兩個(gè)：指人時(shí)只能用whom，指物時(shí)只

9、能用which。當(dāng)然關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.湯姆到加拿大時(shí)乘坐的火車速度非?？臁e is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.他就是那個(gè)家里的畫被偷的人。(3)當(dāng)需要使用表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，也可以使用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。We cant find the house where/in which we used to live.我們找不到曾經(jīng)住的房子了。Do you still re

10、member the day when/on which we went to the beach?你還記得我們?nèi)ズ┠翘靻幔?4)在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，基于意義上的需要，of which/of whom前可帶有some/any/few/several/many/most/all/both/none/neither/each/half/one/two等詞或形容詞最高級。Today there are many people who smoke in the world, about 45% of whom are Chinese.現(xiàn)在世界上有很多人在吸煙，其中大約45%是中國人。

11、The oranges, half of which have gone bad, were bought by Uncle Wang.王叔叔買的橘子壞掉了一半。as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1兩者都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但用法有區(qū)別：which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“這件事”；as引導(dǎo)的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等。He sold his bicycle, which surprised me. ( He sold his bicycle, and this surprised me.)他把

12、自行車賣了，這使我感到奇怪。As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world.眾所周知，中國是世界上人口最多的國家。2as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在句中的位置比較靈活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句的后面。3as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：as is known, as is reported等。如果從句中的行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。Tom has made rapid progress, which ma

13、kes me very happy.湯姆取得了進(jìn)步，這讓我很高興。4as常用在as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as I remember (it), as (it) appears等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Jack has won the first prize, as it often happens.像往常一樣，杰克獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。5as用在the same . as, such . as, as . as, so . as結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以作主語、賓語或表語，可以用來代替先行詞是表示人或物的名詞。They could only read such sto

14、ries as had been rewritten in simple English.他們只能讀類似這樣的一些簡易英語改寫的故事。(as作主語)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.這些房子以人們期望的低價(jià)出售。(as作賓語)定語從句的主謂一致1關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，先行詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.別人給我的那臺錄音機(jī)是國產(chǎn)的。I, who am yo

15、ur classmate, will share the work with you.我是你的同學(xué)，要和你分擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。2“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)one前有the only, the very等修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大進(jìn)步的學(xué)生之一。Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.王先生是我的朋友中唯

16、一被請來和我們共進(jìn)晚餐的人。.高考單選對接1(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.AwhichBwhoCwhere Dwhom 解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查定語從句，定語從句的先行詞是a painter，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞who。答案：B2(2012上海高考)Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives from _ you r

17、eceived gifts?Awhich BthemCthat Dwhom解析：定語從句的先行詞是人，且引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞from，故用關(guān)系代詞的賓格whom。答案：D3(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.Athat BitCas Dwhat解析：考查定語從句。句意：就像報(bào)告中所表明的那樣，這座城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的兩個(gè)月里已有改善。as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且代表整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。it和what

18、不是關(guān)系代詞，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案：C4(2012重慶高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句。position是先行詞，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。答案：D5(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever b

19、efore.Awhy BwhenCto whom Don which解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查定語從句，先行詞是an age，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞when，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B6(2012北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen解析：考查定語從句。句意：他經(jīng)常全神貫注地工作，每當(dāng)這個(gè)時(shí)候，他就會完全忘記吃飯或睡覺。which he often was是由

20、which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作was的表語。答案：B7(2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. Athem BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：考查“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句中的先行詞是two novels，而且后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，也不能跟在介詞后面；如果選them，則both前需要有并列連詞and或者是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(both of t

21、hem made into .)。答案：C8(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which解析：考查定語從句。句意：心靈的呵護(hù)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中細(xì)小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。_ even the small details of life should be considered是定語從句部分，該部分主干完整，所以選關(guān)系副詞；先行詞是process，表抽象地

22、點(diǎn)，所以選in which，相當(dāng)于where。答案：D9(2012天津高考) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.Awho BwhoseCwhom Dwhich解析：考查非限制性定語從句。句意：我想感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助我不會取得這樣的成績。從句中的help是名詞，與Professor Smith是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose。答案：B10(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is ha

23、ppening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas BitCwhich Dthis解析：考查定語從句。句意：正如發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，大量的語言學(xué)習(xí)是在出生后的第一年發(fā)生的，所以父母應(yīng)當(dāng)在那一時(shí)期多和孩子說話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_ has been discovered”，為非限制性定語從句，且位于先行詞所指的“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整個(gè)句

24、子之間，故用as。 答案：A.高考寫作對接()把加黑部分改為定語從句1In the English corner, I met many friends, and they share the same interest with me.(2012全國卷書面表達(dá))In the English corner, I met many friends,_ .2Books are the source of knowledge, and we all know that.(2012湖北短文寫作) , books are the source of knowledge.As we all know/As

25、 is known to allwho share thesame interest with me3Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, and his influence on me had a lot to do with my decision. (2012安徽書面表達(dá))Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, .whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision()一句多譯眾所周知

26、，梁山伯與祝英臺是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)戲劇，講述的是兩個(gè)年輕人動(dòng)人的愛情故事。(2012天津書面表達(dá))_ It is known to us all that Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young persons moving love story. What we all know is that Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young persons moving love story.As we all know, Bu

27、tterfly Lovers is a traditional drama,telling about two young persons moving love story.高考閱讀對接()用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, _ means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, the light can reach the capsule.(2012江蘇閱讀C)2People can handle stress are given

28、 more and more to cope with until one day they break.(2012浙江任務(wù)型閱讀)whichwherewho()分析下列句子并翻譯1Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.(2012四川閱讀E) 句式分析which引導(dǎo)的為 ，which指代 。嘗試翻譯_非限制性定語從句主句 由于氣

29、候變化，植物開花比科學(xué)家預(yù)測的更快，這可能對食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有長期的破壞性影響。2Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. (2012全國卷閱讀A)句式分析that引導(dǎo)的 定語從句修飾animals；which引導(dǎo)的 定語從句修飾dirty water。嘗試翻譯_限制性非限制性 沒有清潔、不凍的水，動(dòng)物就可能喝外面的臟水，這些臟水可能含有對它們健康不利的東西。1That tree, _

30、 branches are almost bare, is a very old one.AwhoseBwhichCthat Dwho解析：句意：那是一棵老樹，它的樹枝幾乎掉光了。所選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作branches的定語，故用whose。which在從句中作主語或賓語；that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；who指人，在從句中作主語、賓語。答案：A2Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _ courage matters more than strength.解析：句意：蹦極跳是一

31、項(xiàng)受年輕人喜愛的冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中勇氣比力量更重要。所選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞sport，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。whose在從句中作定語；why在從句中作原因狀語；when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。Awhose BwhyCwhen Dwhere答案：D3This article may shock some sensitive readers, _ I offer my apologizes in advance.解析：句意：這篇文章可能會令一些敏感的讀者震驚，為此我提前向這些讀者道歉。所選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞readers；根據(jù)apologize to sb.

32、的搭配可知，“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用to whom。Afrom whom Bfor whomCto whom Dtowards whom答案：C4Nowadays, when people talk about magicians, the first one _ comes into their mind is Liu Qian.解析：句意：現(xiàn)在人們談?wù)撈鹉g(shù)師的時(shí)候，第一個(gè)想到的就是劉謙。先行詞由the first修飾，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故用that。Awhom BwhichCthat Dwhat答案：C5Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn

33、?Athat B不填Cwhich Dit解析：句意：氧氣是唯一助燃的氣體嗎？先行詞由the only修飾，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故只能用that不能用which。答案：A6Such things _ you described are rare now.Aas BwhoCthat Dwhich解析：句意：像你描述的這種事情現(xiàn)在很少見。先行詞前有so, such, the same等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as。答案：A7This book, the first two chapters _ are interesting, was given to my friend as a birthday p

34、resent.Aof it Bof whichCto which Dwhich解析：句意：我把這本書作為生日禮物送給了朋友，它的前兩章很有趣。所選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾book，并在從句中表示“其中的兩章”，the first two chapters與book是所屬關(guān)系，故用of which引導(dǎo)。答案：B8I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A不填 Bin thatCwhich Dof which解析：句意：我不喜歡你跟她說話的方式。先行詞是way(方式，方法)且從句缺少狀語時(shí)，常用that/in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。答案：A9He

35、 returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.Awhich BasCthat Dit解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，which在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾逗號前面整句話的內(nèi)容。答案：A10(2012江蘇江浦中學(xué)模擬)A turning point of the continuously high housing prices wont appear suddenly because there must be a certain process _ many factors lead to the cha

36、nge.Awhich BwhatCwhere Dthat解析：句意：持續(xù)的高房價(jià)不會突然出現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@需要一個(gè)過程，在這個(gè)過程中很多因素綜合起來才會導(dǎo)致價(jià)格的變化。此處用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于in which，修飾先行詞“process”。答案：C11(2012皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三聯(lián)考)Chinas railway system has carried out a realname ticket purchasing system, _ requires passengers to provide their ID numbers when buying tickets.Ain

37、which BwhoseCwho Dwhich解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_ requires passengers to provide . buying tickets.”是非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語且指物，故用關(guān)系代詞which。答案：D12(2013江南十校聯(lián)考)Mr David has been to many cities in China, _ Hefei has impressed him most.Aof which Bin whichCwith which Don which解析：句意：大衛(wèi)先生去過中國的很多城市，在這些城市中合肥留給他的印象最深刻。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“

38、_ Xian has impressed him most.”是定語從句，“Hefei”是“many cities”中的一個(gè)，故空處用of which。答案：A13Shanghai is the first city in China _ stops the nationwide onetime certification system for primary and middle school teachers.解析：句意：上海是中國第一個(gè)打破中小學(xué)教師資格“終身制”的城市。China后的部分是定語從句，修飾先行詞city；從句中缺少主語，故可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)橄刃性~前有the first修飾，故選A項(xiàng)。Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen答案：A14On Saturday, demonstrations were held in more than 20 major cities across China against Tokyos illega