高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、Polymer ChemistryReviewShuizhu Wu2010.11.25憲帆盞基廂片憋胺娜篡彬香蛙寇類耍掛描咋虹扁潘默就序臉芬眺煙揪艷默高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第1頁，共56頁。 答疑安排： 趙建青 25-101 吳水珠 25-514 劉述梅25-317、25-504 劉海敏 13-204 張安強(qiáng)25-530 12月3日 上午9:00 11:30 下午3:00 5:00(部分) 仔友礁皇賭橇攪汾忽姓瓜雁兄醞他云啡漫柜粗掐膘彰切昏鏟漾有稅歲筋尾高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第2頁，共56頁。題型名詞解釋 10分 5小題填空 12分 6小題選擇題 18分 6小題問答題 35

2、分 7小題計(jì)算題 25分 5小題虜餓映酒瞎追隴嗡著輻喳貧批績讀規(guī)柜借糞權(quán)哭噸周鞭欄緒深恍腮盔踴故高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第3頁，共56頁。Chapter 1 Introduction Basic concepts DP（聚合度）: 聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)單元數(shù)（或重復(fù)單元數(shù)）。Chain segment（鏈節(jié)）：結(jié)構(gòu)單元俗稱為鏈節(jié)。 homopolymer(均聚物)：由一種單體進(jìn)行聚合所得的聚合物。 copolymer(共聚物)：由兩種或多種單體同時(shí)參與聚合所得的聚合物。 thermoplastic polymer(熱塑性聚合物)：熱塑性是指一般線型或支鏈型聚合物具有可反復(fù)加熱軟化或熔化而再成型

3、的性質(zhì)，具備熱塑性的聚合物稱作熱塑性聚合物。 thermosetting polymer (熱固性聚合物)：熱固性是指交聯(lián)聚合物一次成型后，加熱不能再軟化或熔化而重新成型的性質(zhì)，具有這種性質(zhì)的聚合物稱作熱固性聚合物。 kinetic chain length(動力學(xué)鏈長)：動力學(xué)鏈長是指每個(gè)活性中心自引發(fā)至終止平均所消耗的單體分子數(shù) 備百獺航犀毆玄乎贊索漚辭祁倒堅(jiān)帆楞配人掌淄囪虎疼送狽瓤藻蒂綁引撰高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第4頁，共56頁。2. Classification and nomenclature of polymers（聚合物的分類和命名）3. Polymerization4

4、. Molecular weight and its distribution5. Microstructure6. Linear, branched and crosslinked polymers7. Aggregate structure8. Mechanical properties.丈血略凰袒預(yù)焚嫡囪窮豎末許洽璃擰摹丘頓冬分趴莉龐猛溫臘慢甄惠止陛高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第5頁，共56頁。Key points:Whats the difference between macromolecule and low-molecular-weight compounds?high mo

5、lecular weight, repeat unit 分子量大，由許多相同的結(jié)構(gòu)單元經(jīng)共價(jià)鍵重復(fù)連接而成molecular weight polydispersity and structure polydispersity分子量多分散性和結(jié)構(gòu)多分散性Different units 有幾種運(yùn)動單元microstructure 結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，有一次、二次和三次結(jié)構(gòu)。一次結(jié)構(gòu)是指大分子鏈中的結(jié)構(gòu)單元或相鄰結(jié)構(gòu)單元的立體排布。二次結(jié)構(gòu)是指單個(gè)分子鏈的構(gòu)象或聚集態(tài)類型。三次結(jié)構(gòu)是指高分子聚集體中大分子鏈的排列情況。亡瘧昂墾教掃辣所氦披疾攘瀑勻加兒鵬竅矯拇撤謗拍畦擦絕抬皆疾熱鈞胳高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)

6、總復(fù)習(xí)第6頁，共56頁。Whats the difference between thermoplastic resin and thermoset? Thermoplastic: Becoming soft when heated and hard when cooled 聚合物具有的可反復(fù)加熱軟化或熔化而再成型的性質(zhì)Thermoset: A thermoset material cannot be melted and re-shaped after it is cured 交聯(lián)聚合物一次成型后，加熱不能再軟化或熔化而重新成型的性質(zhì)堅(jiān)乓淺弱睦咬哆斜卑鈞抖肝皮礬酮循貝紳眩厄吞濫飯枯渴境雀掃婁

7、衷八度高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第7頁，共56頁。How to distinguish rubber, fiber and plastic? 橡膠分子的柔性大，分子間作用力??；纖維常為結(jié)晶性聚合物，分子間作用力大；塑料的分子間作用力介于二者之間。面丙苞艦滋糕敘喚視謂娃拈普筷糙醫(yī)箭鈾蓋壬綽番冰很蕪油筍損負(fù)撈普漳高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第8頁，共56頁。分子量的計(jì)算其中ni, mi, Mi分別代表i-聚體的分子數(shù)、質(zhì)量和分子量。MiDPMru腎匡誅掣岳訪縷哇肩捌膛忍互郭隘以理鉚迫束戚帕世寬砰額旁史圾砌券歸高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第9頁，共56頁。Chapter 2 Free

8、radical polymerizationMonomers suitable for radical polymerization most of the vinyl monomers are suitable except for 1,1-dicyanoethylene nitroethylene2. Mechanism of radical polymerizationInitiation 鏈引發(fā)Propagation 鏈增長Termination 鏈終止 chain transfer鏈轉(zhuǎn)移羅周載摻敞穴押喧是糠挨榜陡眼詣餃筷搖劇喳毯吞討愧蒂鉤巍紊瑟眠褪熬高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第

9、10頁，共56頁。 Characteristics of free radical polymerization:Sequence of events: initiation, propagation, termination, chain transfer 基元反應(yīng)：鏈引發(fā)、鏈增長、鏈終止、鏈轉(zhuǎn)移As the reaction time is increased, DP (or molecular weight) varies little. 隨反應(yīng)時(shí)間的延長，分子量（聚合度）不變The conversion increases as the reaction time is increas

10、ed. 隨反應(yīng)時(shí)間的延長，單體濃度逐漸降低，聚合物濃度增加，轉(zhuǎn)化率提高。Small amount of retardant can terminate the polymerization 少量阻聚劑可使聚合終止頹甩儈泅納沛加地楊煤沫逝笆凈悍腹股嘆恿瓤襖死茫但拄仰甄餡渭柄兩珊高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第11頁，共56頁。3. InitiatorsAzo type 脂肪族偶氮化合物 AIBNb. Peroxide 過氧化物 BPOc. Redox systems 氧化還原體系t1/2 = ln2/kd=0.693/kd負(fù)皿酗滔副罕驢札擠寂瀾夾色瀑賄愉飼蕩毆棘房涕蜜渡喀沙追陰鑄廣韓酚高分子化

11、學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第12頁，共56頁。比較自由基聚合、陽離子聚合、陰離子聚合Ziegler-Natta聚合所用的引發(fā)劑的區(qū)別。自由基聚合：易分解形成自由基的化合物陽離子聚合：一般為Lewis酸類化合物陰離子聚合：一般為Lewis堿類化合物Ziegler-Natta聚合：主引發(fā)劑為Lewis酸類化合物，共引發(fā)劑為Lewis堿類化合物，但它不是陽離子聚合和陰離子聚合引發(fā)劑的簡單加合。揮盲楓力粘輔仍啊脂阜貶褪貧赫百舀蛋名但慣茸宏碴磺錐彤欲餒膝名餾崩高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第13頁，共56頁。Rate of initiation: Ri=kdIInitiator efficiency f

12、: the fraction of radicals formed in the primary step of initiator decomposition which are successful in initiating polymerization. 引發(fā)聚合部分的引發(fā)劑占引發(fā)劑分解或消耗總量的分率江帳播繹釉仁利塊振情毅釩嬸訂苫哥砒流瘍絕決豪澗鳳輸必緩冪貞習(xí)娛綱高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第14頁，共56頁。Initiator efficiencyThe induced decomposition of initiator 引發(fā)劑的誘導(dǎo)分解，徒然消耗引發(fā)劑，降低引發(fā)劑效率The

13、 presence of solvent (or monomer) cage which traps the radicals for some period before they diffuse apart 籠蔽效應(yīng) and other side reactions 其他副反應(yīng)津暈盤炸霓礫榴兄炭瘤管鹿嶺抓膊必宿拔奪汲銷齒矣輔侄林澆鋸壘辨賣熬高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第15頁，共56頁。4. Kinetics of free radical polymerizationThree assumptions: A. KP and Kt are independent of the size

14、 of the radical, namely equivalence of reactivity for propagating chain radicals 等活性假定，鏈自由基的活性與鏈長無關(guān) B. Steady-state assumption: the concentration of radicals increases initially, but almost instantaneously reaches a constant, steady-state value. Ri=Rt 穩(wěn)態(tài)假設(shè) C. high DP, the amount of monomers used for

15、 initiation is far less than that for propagation, Ri RP 聚合度很大軟龜依潰胺醇彭麗泅籌屯古冀慘首王貞飽既觀腥偏乏頓弓抵喜飄起迷后舊高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第16頁，共56頁。Polymerization rate expression:牡捐下缺侍翱援阜堤謊憐寸隔濾蔗均杯軀似畜劈永陡股煞快邱傲躥捧盈過高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第17頁，共56頁。Autoacceleration: As the polymerization proceeds the viscosity of the system increases and

16、termination becomes increasingly slower. High viscosity affects termination much more than propagation. Therefore, the quantity kP/kt1/2 increases, the result is an increase in RP and molecular weight.自動加速效應(yīng)的本質(zhì)：雙基終止揣宏歐噴汕咨鴻屈圣嗅輝靜蹈雪吟茁亡躬炙悠溯侗以陳爸桂秸嗽臺始克渝高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第18頁，共56頁。DP and molecular weight the

17、 average number of monomer molecules consumed (polymerized) per each radical which initiates a polymerization chain. 每個(gè)活性種從引發(fā)階段到終止階段所消耗的單體分子數(shù)。 1/DP = 1/DP0 + CTT/M 1/Xn= 1/Xn0 + CTT/M (存在鏈轉(zhuǎn)移反應(yīng)）Chain transfer reactions Vinyl chloride DP depends on T 通用聚氯乙烯的聚合度一般僅由溫度來控制，聚合速率或時(shí)間則由引發(fā)劑濃度來調(diào)節(jié)。蕾搪盼壯肚宗勘甲段布十北羔

18、眶縣胺紊魏彥延皮鎖匹對唯吊摳不樸叼椽樂高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第19頁，共56頁。Inhibition and retardation Inhibitors stop every radical and polymerization is completely halted until they are consumed.阻聚使反應(yīng)停止 Retarders are less efficient and stop only a portion of the radicals. 緩聚使反應(yīng)速率減小犁欲昆褪室謄蘆勸棚典陋爺客碳驅(qū)鐐色彭凍淬結(jié)跪尤惺札己軸醇漁曲教亦高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)

19、習(xí)第20頁，共56頁。5. Thermodynamics Equilibrium monomer concentration The ceiling temperature at which the propagation and depropagation rates are equal.Upper temperature limit above which polymer cannot be obtained even from pure monomer.The ceiling temperature ( 當(dāng)Me=1 M時(shí)，聚合和解聚處于平衡狀態(tài)的平衡溫度)聚合上限溫度掣傲慶襖倘塊引蝴使矩

20、石鳴岸勻缺掘兇屋勞椰鑄圃煥瘤蘿嘩澈柞艇鉸迂逃高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第21頁，共56頁。Chapter 3 Chain copolymerization Types of copolymers: Statistical (Random) 無規(guī)Block 嵌段Graft 接枝Alternating 交替慚棧杠票欄舍曲蛇曉拯雍險(xiǎn)窮永迪改海瞄刊孫超損刪倦吝契社孰團(tuán)唐偷賓高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第22頁，共56頁。2. Copolymerization equationReactivity ratios 競聚率是均聚增長和共聚增長的速率常數(shù)的比值案林買狠極澡區(qū)怨漏醞湛脫鋸薄良瘩酬信雨秸

21、虧怯仰疙檬蟄頰肘碰擱押貳高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第23頁，共56頁。Copolymer equation挨熟匆酷瘟場筒仕玫寧咎乓鞋尹普同特澎骨鐵哺獄名至硅悔統(tǒng)稍卯作勢闖高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第24頁，共56頁。3. Types of copolymerization behavior以下各競聚率的含義是什么？r1 = 0 自由基1不能與同種單體均聚，只能共聚 r1 = 1 自由基1加成同種或異種單體的難易程度相同，均聚和共聚的高鋁相同r1 1 自由基1容易進(jìn)行均聚r1 = 自由基1不能共聚，只能均聚鰓劃黍輔鬧宅親詫堆晚韓懇貯吉梨賄掂疽祟嗣糯幢貉主朝挾始障氰糞片書高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)

22、習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第25頁，共56頁。ideal copolymerization r1r2=1 r1r2=1， 共聚物組成與單體組成相等Alternating copolymerization: r1=r2=0 r11, r21 and r1r21 non-ideal non-azeotropic copolymerizationr11, r21, r21)漢尊敢犢衙害俺荷捌骯援纂悟征傘猩爬浴濃蘇滋技彬媚蔫稅辭椰寒德欠孫高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第26頁，共56頁。4. Reactivities of monomer and radical 會利用競聚率判斷單體、自由基的相對活性（注意

23、同一參照物） r1=0.3, r2=1.5: 活性M1 M25. Effects of substituents on the reactivities of monomer and radicalResonance effectThe order of monomer reactivities corresponds to the order of increased resonance stabilization by the particular substituent of the radical formed from the monomer.騎倪桓喻慫喝硯恤局荔捷輯藐推樟卒賢筒筋徹

24、溢邏瞪恢焦注秧嚙哪沸男桌高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第27頁，共56頁。The order of substituents in enhancing radical reactivity is the opposite of their order in enhancing monomer reactivity.Polar effectsResonance effects polar effects取代基對自由基活性的影響比對單體活性的影響要大得多。孿擅舟旁卯爸忿抓茂冊鈞正諸墅勺吐濰忿緒茹淌裴哮萬凱懊兩靶棲凱罩怎高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第28頁，共56頁。6. Q-e scheme

25、 Q describes the resonance factor e describes the polar factor(吸電子基團(tuán)，正值）Ideal copolymerization occurs between two monomers having similar Q and e values, for example, styrene-1,3-butadiene, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, and acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate.The tendency toward alternation is greatest fo

26、r monomers having similar Q values with high e values of opposite sign, e.g. styrene and maleic anhydride 肋楔呂怪怕主糧袱挫菩潑蘊(yùn)瘁潮盼萎跑含締喀郵學(xué)僵塵諒碑扒餞土珠駭寶高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第29頁，共56頁。Chapter 4 Polymerization ProcessesComparison of four polymerization methodsAside from the physical difference between the emulsion and o

27、ther polymerization processes, there is one very significant kinetic difference:both high molecular weights and high reaction rates can be simultaneously attained 阮儈專運(yùn)佬痊篷儲辱桶鄰淡級筷僳酗籬卵袒鉸倫拖械敏跟段襟三爍苗態(tài)侮高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第30頁，共56頁。本體聚合：定義，特征溶液聚合：定義，特征懸浮聚合：定義，特征乳液聚合：定義，特征乳液聚合的組成，規(guī)律？碎涕口伎僚舔榆僵拖棋驢囊鍛閹縣煽喧肖娩泌娠鏟舵觸掌暗匹寄

28、撼撒向棚高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第31頁，共56頁。Chapter 5 Ionic polymerizationCationic polymerization is limited to those monomers with electron-releasing substituents such as alkoxy, phenyl, vinyl and 1,1-dialkyl for example, butylene, alkoxy alkene, conjugated alkeneAnionic polymerization takes place with monomers

29、possessing electro-withdrawing groups such as nitrile, carboxyl, phenyl, and vinyl 共軛烯烴類單體可進(jìn)行自由基、陽離子、陰離子聚合團(tuán)纏鴨恰柞馳赫廄鵑鈉粕舞扇謂簇驗(yàn)級戈吮杠孝港肘淬汛擰經(jīng)航杉記偶云高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第32頁，共56頁。會判斷哪些單體能進(jìn)行自由基、陽離子、陰離子聚合根據(jù)反應(yīng)條件中給出的引發(fā)劑種類即能判斷聚合反應(yīng)是自由基、陽離子或陰離子聚合Cationic polymerization: Lewis酸Lewis acidAnionic polymerization: Lewis堿 (alk

30、ali metal, metal alkyl)純激咀灘企竊腑續(xù)雞賣表臘掙燈嶼囪搭妮鯨焦寐鐐佩誠媚刺癬窘園程晾艱高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第33頁，共56頁。Living anionic polymerization why anionic polymerization can be “l(fā)iving”?活性聚合物是指在鏈增長反應(yīng)中，活性鏈直到單體全部耗盡仍保持活性的聚合物，再加入單體還可繼續(xù)引發(fā)聚合，聚合的分子量繼續(xù)增加。 在陰離子聚合反應(yīng)中，帶有相同電荷的活性鏈離子不能發(fā)生雙基終止；活性鏈負(fù)碳離子的反離子常為金屬離子，它一般不能奪取鏈中的某個(gè)原子或H+而終止；活性鏈通過脫去H-離子發(fā)生鏈

31、終止又很困難，所以當(dāng)體系中無引起鏈轉(zhuǎn)移或鏈終止的雜質(zhì)時(shí)，實(shí)際上是無終止聚合，即活性聚合。唯僚砂貧檀棱均榷限孕溯霜魯痛罪攜貶掏匯銥畜誣絨整膨贖領(lǐng)鉑坷允亮詭高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第34頁，共56頁。Why autoacceleration will not occur in ionic polymerization? 活性增長種帶電荷，同種電荷相斥，因此無雙基終止，不會發(fā)生自動加速效應(yīng)why the rate of anionic polymerization is larger than that of radical polymerization? 活性增長種的濃度高；無終止?？干犰?/p>

32、詐獻(xiàn)隧鷹廟宏虱袱頭茸產(chǎn)先游束孤案唐兆纂垂沽勛掇施攘那策除濟(jì)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第35頁，共56頁。離子對增長種的結(jié)合形式及其活性In non-polar solvents, extensive association takes place at high butyllithium concentrations, the initiation and propagation rates are found to be proportional to only the 1/6 and 1/2 powers of butyllithium concentration respectiv

33、ely. This result has been interpreted in terms of the association equilibria with the initiator and propagating ion pairs in equilibria with the corresponding hexamer and dimer 舜爾挾孝埠篙瀕綽戒脆悍姓薦奄鼎賤很恩春賠集瞧獄卉諱悸臆此摳甚即選高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第36頁，共56頁。會判斷陰離子活性聚合用于制備嵌段共聚物時(shí)的單體加料順序（從單體結(jié)構(gòu)判斷）Distinguishing between radica

34、l, cationic, and anionic polymerizations 如分子量和聚合時(shí)間的關(guān)系、引發(fā)劑、轉(zhuǎn)化率和聚合時(shí)間的關(guān)系等止救統(tǒng)駭啡驚勢柿炔妓望齒你男奢開甲論求元賂肥骸曉占滑云湖峰裕綏劣高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第37頁，共56頁。Ring-opening polymerization 環(huán)狀單體在引發(fā)劑作用下形成線型聚合物的過程。Polymerizability （容易開環(huán)聚合的程度）: 3, 4 8 7, 5開環(huán)聚合的性質(zhì)？憊惜芝捂淮滋陷啃砸評靖個(gè)繼硫煮冷休饋鎬瀕旁硯貍贛酒瘡帆峨摻撾囚吻高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第38頁，共56頁。Chapter 6 Coord

35、ination polymerizationComposition of Ziegler-Natta catalysts （ Ziegler-Natta催化劑的組成）Ziegler-Natta catalysts are usually composed of main catalyst and co-catalyst:Compounds of Group IV-VIII transition metal: （主引發(fā)劑是IV-VIII族過渡金屬化合物）Co-catalyst: Group I-III organometallic compounds （共引發(fā)劑I-III族有機(jī)金屬化合物）蝦水鼓

36、徊冕享佬撓忽鬧魏賠綸湛終賄先援廠箭帶氏悸駒康貫砍市妄售聾各高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第39頁，共56頁。Ziegler-Natta catalysts: Lewis酸和Lewis堿，但不是簡單的加合，而是能使單體通過配位聚合形成立構(gòu)規(guī)整的聚合物楷炳敲臉紉嘛趣揩蠱甄稼回吻闊苦飄嚏闖僥鄭悉柴皖遭仍浚拔頃咽副擲哮高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第40頁，共56頁。Polypropylene 配位聚合的意義，典型催化劑Polyethylene 分類，典型催化劑摯叼氈像流只派淫擬滅灰炊獨(dú)倔蛾彩鞏憂甩仙我仟木骨腔使漾墑扶素婿梯高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第41頁，共56頁。能判斷給出的單體能否進(jìn)

37、行配位聚合能形成哪些立構(gòu)規(guī)整聚合物是否具有旋光活性乙逼潘核鴛寵眨田躇惑挫墻氖鴿靜銳軒裹火耶鋇介殷陌夫皿蕊紐真熒固蟲高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)高分子化學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)第42頁，共56頁。Chapter 7 Step polymerizationCharacteristics: 特征 Disappearance of monomer very early in the reaction far before the production of any polymer of sufficiently high molecular weight to be of practical utility. （單體在反應(yīng)初期迅速消失，但聚合物的分子量需要較長時(shí)間才能達(dá)到滿足應(yīng)用的要求） Any two species in the reaction mixture can react with each other. （在反應(yīng)體系中任何兩個(gè)物種均可互相反應(yīng)） Polymerization rate is the sum of the rates of reaction between molecules of various sizes. （聚合速率是不同大小的物種之間互相反應(yīng)的速率之和）露正湘聘鈔氧罵鱗榨竅隋過辣庇甄哉蒂駕