這兩天請(qǐng)你幫我準(zhǔn)備一份ppt講稿15-20張講柴油車(chē)后處

1、有效管理城市空氣質(zhì)量：培訓(xùn)、設(shè)備、人力資源的需求Overview of Capacity Building Requirements for Effective AQM in Cities: Training, Equipment, Human ResourceFu, Lixin, Tsinghua University1提綱 Outline能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status目前的重點(diǎn) Focus存在的問(wèn)題 Problems需求 Needs如何做-設(shè)想? How to?2能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status城市大致可分3類(lèi) Cities grouped in 3 categi

2、ry發(fā)達(dá)城市（約10個(gè)） Developed (about 10)一般城市（大多數(shù)） Conventional 欠發(fā)達(dá)城市（約20個(gè)）behind (about 20)發(fā)達(dá)城市在設(shè)備方面較先進(jìn)Developed cities are relatively advanced in terms of equipment3能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)較多、人力資源較好There are many training activities, human resource are abundant國(guó)際合作（世行、亞行等）與自主項(xiàng)目A lot of international pro

3、jects (such as WB, ADB), together with self-funded projects4能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status一般城市有基本的設(shè)備、效益發(fā)揮不充分Conventional cities do have basic equipment, but their benefit are not fully realized培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)有，但不夠滿足需求There are training activities, but not good enough to meet the needs5能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status人力資源仍不能滿足Hu

4、man resources are not sufficient國(guó)際合作有一些Participated in some international cooperation activities 自主項(xiàng)目很少Few self-funded research projects on AQM6能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status欠發(fā)達(dá)城市的設(shè)備和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不夠Equipment and infrastructure in behind cities are far from sufficient培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)很少Few training activities related to AQM人力資源缺乏

5、Human resources are dearly lacked7能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀 Current Status國(guó)際合作較少Few international cooperation activities自主項(xiàng)目基本沒(méi)有Almost no self-funded projects82. 目前的重點(diǎn) Focus空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)站的監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備Air quality monitoring instruments 大多數(shù)城市有幾個(gè)自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)站Most cities have several automated ambient air quality monitoring station少數(shù)項(xiàng)目涉及到污染源監(jiān)控

6、設(shè)備Less projects cover monitoring equipment for emission sources92. 目前的重點(diǎn) Focus培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)主要從屬于硬件項(xiàng)目Most training activities are attached /associated with investment projects部分技援項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)了技術(shù)人員Some technical assistance projects cultivated a local technical team103. 存在的問(wèn)題 Problems發(fā)達(dá)城市主要是管理機(jī)制問(wèn)題Major problem in devel

7、oped cities are of management mechanism如何提高環(huán)保部門(mén)的權(quán)威？How to raise the power of Environmental Agency over parallel departments? 改進(jìn)環(huán)保部門(mén)的決策能力Improve the decision-making capacity of EPB113. 存在的問(wèn)題 Problems資源配置優(yōu)化問(wèn)題：Resources allocation optimization:信息共享與公共服務(wù)Information sharing and public service培訓(xùn)應(yīng)該培訓(xùn)的人Trai

8、n those should be trained設(shè)備與人力資源配置優(yōu)化Equipment and human resources integration123. 存在的問(wèn)題 Problems政府管理人員換崗頻繁Government officials keep changing frequently一般城市缺乏污染源監(jiān)控設(shè)備Conventional cities lack of monitoring equipment for emission sources交通微環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量基本無(wú)監(jiān)測(cè)No monitoring of curbside air quality133. 存在的問(wèn)題 Probl

9、ems研究型的設(shè)備缺乏Lack of equipment for research purpose針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)不夠Less training with the right focus缺乏支持決策的項(xiàng)目Lack of project to support decision-making on AQM143. 存在的問(wèn)題 Problems欠發(fā)達(dá)城市主要問(wèn)題在經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)For behind cities major problem is economy環(huán)境意識(shí)弱也是一個(gè)問(wèn)題Environmental awareness is rather weak可持續(xù)發(fā)展認(rèn)識(shí)不夠Few recognition

10、 of the significance of sustainable development154. 需求 Needs設(shè)備方面：For equipment:移動(dòng)式研究型空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備Mobile air quality monitoring equipment移動(dòng)式污染源監(jiān)控設(shè)備Mobile equipment for emission source monitoring培訓(xùn)方面：For training:對(duì)媒體/NGO的培訓(xùn) Media /NGO training164. 需求 Needs重要決策人員/決策機(jī)制的培訓(xùn)Decision-makers/process training公眾參與

11、及公共信息培訓(xùn)Public participation and out-reaching技術(shù)人員針對(duì)性培訓(xùn)Technical training for specific topic人力資源方面：For human resources強(qiáng)化和整合國(guó)家層面的專(zhuān)家隊(duì)伍Enhance and integrate national experts team174. 需求 Needs在一般城市更多引入國(guó)際專(zhuān)家Introduce more international experts for conventional cities建立機(jī)制關(guān)聯(lián)地方政府與國(guó)家/國(guó)際專(zhuān)家?guī)霣uild up links between

12、 localities and national /international experts team184. 需求 Needs建立地方專(zhuān)家隊(duì)伍Cultivate local experts team輸出專(zhuān)家與信息到欠發(fā)達(dá)城市Inputting expertise /information to the behind cities195. 如何做？ How to?建立城市空氣質(zhì)量合作網(wǎng)Establish an AQM cooperation network among Chinese cities會(huì)員制/保證信息的正確性Membership /Correctness must guarant

13、eed 由城市管理人員主導(dǎo)Driving by the city AQM people205. 如何做？ How to?發(fā)達(dá)城市 For developed cities與媒體合作 Involve the media開(kāi)展公共信息與公眾參與的培訓(xùn)Information dissemination and public training建立信息分享渠道 Information sharing支持長(zhǎng)期的公共信息服務(wù)Long-term public information service215. 如何做？ How to?一般城市：Conventional cities:開(kāi)展主題技術(shù)培訓(xùn)：城市空氣質(zhì)量管理Topic of training: Urban Air Quality Management進(jìn)行示范項(xiàng)目：空氣質(zhì)量控制規(guī)劃Pilot project: Air quality control planning進(jìn)行示范項(xiàng)目：固定源/移動(dòng)源控制方案Pilot project: Stationary /mobile source