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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)UnU 5教孩子好奇Teach Your Child to Wonder Sadly, far too few schools make science appealing .Courses introduce more new vocabulary than foreign language courses. Textbooks for people are as dull as dictionaries. As a result結(jié)果, too many childr

2、en think that science is only for people as clever as Einstein.令人可悲的是.能把科學(xué)課程上得具有吸引力的學(xué)校為數(shù)微乎其微??茖W(xué)課程介紹給 學(xué)生的術(shù)語(yǔ)甚至比外語(yǔ)課程的同匯還要多,其課本也像詞典一樣的乏味。結(jié)果,有太多的學(xué) 生認(rèn)為,科學(xué)只適合像愛(ài)因斯坦樣聰明的人學(xué)習(xí)。The irony is that children start out as natural scientists, instinctively eager to investigate world around them. Helping them enjoy sci

3、ence can be easytheres no need for a lot of scientific jargon or expensive laboratory equipment. You only have to share your childrens curiosity好奇心. 有諷刺意義的是,孩子就是天生的自然科學(xué)家,本能地渴望探索周圍的世界。幫助他們 享受科學(xué)其實(shí)很容易,無(wú)需很多科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ),也+必使用昂貴的試驗(yàn)設(shè)備。你僅僅需要分享孩 子的好奇心。I once visited a class of seven-year-olds七歲兒童 to talk about scien

4、ce as a career. The children asked me textbook questionsabout schooling 上學(xué), salary, whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing each other in silence. Finally I said, “Now that weve finished with your lists, have you got any questions of your own about science?” 有一次我給一個(gè)七歲孩子的班級(jí)講了

5、講科學(xué)家這個(gè)職業(yè)。孩子們問(wèn)我的是一些書本問(wèn) 題,如上學(xué)、工資,我是否喜歡自己的工作等。我回答完問(wèn)題后,大家安靜地坐在那里互相望 著對(duì)方。最后我就說(shuō)既然你們已經(jīng)問(wèn)完了你們事先準(zhǔn)備的問(wèn)題,你們就科學(xué)方面是否有 自己的問(wèn)題要問(wèn)?”After a long pause停頓, a boy raised his hand. “Have you ever seen a grasshopper螞蚱 eat? When I eat leaves like that, I will get stomachache. Why?”過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,一個(gè)男孩舉起了手?!澳阋?jiàn)過(guò)媽蚱吃東西嗎?我那樣吃樹葉就肚子痛,為 什么?”

6、This began a barrage of questions that lasted nearly two hours. “What makes tears?“ “Where do little spiders get all the stuff材料 to make their webs?” “Am I just a bag of blood? When I cut myself, I see blood.” 下子一大堆這樣的問(wèn)題就提了出來(lái),時(shí)間持續(xù)了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí)?!把蹨I是什么做的?” “小蜘蛛從哪里弄到那么多東西來(lái)織自己的網(wǎng)?”“我是-個(gè)大血包嗎?我劃自己一下就能 看到血。” You

7、may not know the answers to your childs questions. Its all right to say,“I dont know but maybe we can find out弄清楚.” Then you can explore the questions together. 你也許不知道怎樣回答孩子的問(wèn)題。你完全可以說(shuō)我不知道,但也許我們可以找到 答案。”然后你們可以一起探討這些問(wèn)題的答案。 2. Even if you know the answer to a childs question, resist the impulse to resp

8、ond quickly leaving no opening for discussion . That reinforces the misconception that science is merely a set of facts stored in the heads of adults. Science is about explaining. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to themby weaving information into a story about how nature p

9、robably operates. 二、即使你知道孩子所提問(wèn)題的答案,還是要忍住急于回答的沖動(dòng),別讓孩子沒(méi)有時(shí)間思 考。那樣就會(huì)加深孩子的錯(cuò)覺(jué),認(rèn)為科學(xué)僅僅是儲(chǔ)存在大人頭腦中的一系列事實(shí)。其實(shí),科 學(xué)就是解釋??茖W(xué)不僅僅是事實(shí),而是人們賦子它的內(nèi)涵即各項(xiàng)信息匯總成為大自然 的有根據(jù)的運(yùn)行實(shí)況。 The best way to respond to a childs question is to begin that process of story-making together. If she asks why its dark at night, try, “Lets think of w

10、hat is different about night that would make it darker than day.” If he wonders where bee live, say, Lets watch and maybe we can see where they go.” Always be ready with the answer. “Lets find out” 回答孩子問(wèn)題的最佳方式就是開始描繪實(shí)況的過(guò)程。要是孩子問(wèn)為什么晚上天是黑 的,可以說(shuō)“讓我們想一想晚上要是沒(méi)有白天黑的話那和白天有什么區(qū)別呢?”如果孩子想知 道蜜蜂住在哪里,可以說(shuō)“讓我們觀察一下,也許我

11、們能看到它們?nèi)ツ膬??!睍r(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備這樣回答孩子,讓我們找答案吧”3. Grown-ups are notorious for expecting quicker answers. Studies over the past three decades have shown that,after asking a question,adults typically wait only one second or less for a responseno time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to thre

12、e seconds or more,children respond with more logical,complete and creative answers. 成年人有一個(gè)不好的習(xí)慣就是希望很快得到問(wèn)題的答案,過(guò)去30年的研究也表明了 這一點(diǎn),當(dāng)問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題后,成年人一般等待回答的時(shí)間也就是秒鐘其至更少,沒(méi)有留出 時(shí)間讓孩子進(jìn)行思考。當(dāng)成年人將“等待回答時(shí)間”增加到3秒或以上的時(shí)候,孩子就會(huì)給 出更合乎邏輯的、更完整的、也更有創(chuàng)造性的答案。I once conducted a lesson on air pressure by pushing two rubber toilet plu

13、ngers together until all the air was driven out and they were tightly suctioned. Two children had to tug them mightily to separate them. “How comewhy you need so much force to pull them apart” I asked. 我曾上過(guò)一堂有關(guān)氣壓的課程,將兩個(gè)手壓皮碗泵擠壓在一起,擠出里面的空氣,使之 緊緊地相互吸在一起。兩個(gè)孩子用了很大的勁才將它們分開。我就問(wèn)他們“為什么你們要用這么大的勁才能將它們分開呢?After

14、 several minutes,a boy named Ron said, “The air is trapped in there and it finds a hole and it all goes out. Thats what makes a popping sound”. He went on to demonstrate his misconception,but I didnt say anything yet. 幾分鐘以后,一個(gè)名叫任的孩子說(shuō)“空氣被擠壓在里面,找到了一個(gè)洞,就跑光了。還發(fā)出了噗噗的聲音?!彼^續(xù)解釋自己的錯(cuò)誤概念,但我那時(shí)沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么。 Another pu

15、pil then revealed what shed been thinking: “No,its because all the air is out of the plunger”. She pushed it down on the floor until it stuck,showing that once the air was forced out of the cup,the air pressure was less on the inside than on the outside. 然后,另外一個(gè)學(xué)生給大家講了她的看法?!安粚?duì),因?yàn)槭謮罕美锩娴目諝獗粩D了出來(lái)?!彼咽謮罕?/p>

16、壓向地面直到吸住了地板,并向大家顯示,一旦里面的空氣被擠了出來(lái),里面的氣壓就會(huì)低于外面的氣壓。 Rather than telling children what to think,give them time to think for themselves. If a child gets the answer wrong,be patient. You can help when needed with a few leading questions. 不要給孩子規(guī)定去思考什么,給他們時(shí)間自己考慮問(wèn)題。如果一個(gè)孩子將問(wèn)題答案搞錯(cuò)了,也要有耐心。有必要的話你可以用一些引導(dǎo)性的問(wèn)題啟發(fā)他們。

17、Once you have a child engaged in a science discussion,dont jump in with “Thats right” or “Very good”. These verbal rewards work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in conversing about science,quick praise can signal that the discussion is over. Instead, keep the ball rolling by sayi

18、ng,“Thats interesting” or “Id never thought of it that way before”,or coming up with more questions or ideas. 一旦孩子們對(duì)科學(xué)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論,不要用“對(duì)!”或者好!”這樣的評(píng)價(jià)打斷他們。這些贊揚(yáng)的話對(duì)鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)谛袨榉矫姹憩F(xiàn)得好的方面的確有效果,而在探討科學(xué)話題的過(guò)程中迅速的稱贊會(huì)示意這場(chǎng)討論的結(jié)束。反過(guò)來(lái),要鼓勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)討論,可以這樣說(shuō)“這個(gè)想法很有意思!”或者“我以前從來(lái)就沒(méi)有這樣想過(guò)或者,提出更多的問(wèn)題和觀點(diǎn)。 Never exhort a child to “Think!” It

19、doesnt make sensechildren are always thinking without your telling them to. 永遠(yuǎn)不要強(qiáng)迫孩子去“思考”。這樣做沒(méi)有任何意義即使你不說(shuō)孩子們也經(jīng)常會(huì)自己進(jìn)行思考。 Avoid asking “why” question. Most children are accustomed to習(xí)慣于 hearing “why” when their behavior is criticized: “Why is your bedroom so messy?” “Why cant you behave” Instead,I use

20、“How come?”避免問(wèn)“為什么?”這樣的問(wèn)題。在他們的行為表現(xiàn)方面受到批評(píng)的時(shí)候孩子們大都已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了大人問(wèn)他們“為什么?。“為什么你的臥室這么亂?”“你就不能規(guī)矩點(diǎn)?”相反,我 一般問(wèn)“這是怎么回事?”5. Real-life impressions of nature are far more memorable than any lesson children can extract from a book or TV program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass , and the

21、yll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than explaining what mould is,grow some on a piece of bread. Rather than saying water evaporates,set a pan to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō),從書本和電視節(jié)目上學(xué)到的課程一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有他們對(duì)自然的親身體會(huì)那 么記憶深刻。讓孩子們用放大鏡看一下自己的手指頭,他們就會(huì)明白為什么你讓他們飯前 洗手。

22、不要給他們解釋什么是霉菌,讓面包上長(zhǎng)出一些給他們看就行了。不要告訴他們水 可以蒸發(fā),燒開一鍋水讓他們觀察水位的下降。If you take your children to a “hands-on” science museum,dont manage their itinerary. Let them lead the way,and explore what interests them most. 如果帶孩子去一個(gè)“自己動(dòng)手”的科學(xué)博物館,不用設(shè)想什么活動(dòng)方案,讓孩子在前面引 路,探索他最感興趣的內(nèi)容。6. Everyday activities can provide fascinat

23、ing lessons in science. Children can learn a great deal about physics and engineering simply by flying a kite . 每天的日?;顒?dòng)也可以提供令人神往的科學(xué)課程。簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)$飛風(fēng)箏孩子們就可以 了解大搶的關(guān)于物理和工程方面的知識(shí)。 Try making your own with light-weight wood, string and paper. By the end of the afternoons “experiment”,your children will get a ba

24、sic lesson in scientific cause and effect科學(xué)因果關(guān)系. Theyll discover how wind direction and intensity shift at different altitudes . 試一試親自動(dòng)手,用輕木料、線和紙自己做風(fēng)箏。當(dāng)傍晚“試驗(yàn)”結(jié)束后,你的孩子們就 會(huì)了解一些基本的科學(xué)方面的因果關(guān)系原理。他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),在不同的離度,風(fēng)的方向和強(qiáng)度 是有變化的。 When buying toys,blocks of all kinds are great for construction projects 。 Choose t

25、oys with working parts . Even better,look for toys that children can safely take apart and put back together again. 購(gòu)買玩具時(shí),各式各樣的積木是極為適合多種建玫項(xiàng)目的。也可以選擇有不同部件的 玩具。最好找一些孩子們可以安全拆裝的玩具。By sharing your childrens curiosity,you can give them a valuable lesson that extends far beyond the realm of experiment,in th

26、e face of difficulties面對(duì)困難時(shí). 通過(guò)分享孩子的好奇心,你還能給他們提供超出科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)領(lǐng)域之外,關(guān)于如何面對(duì)困難 的有價(jià)值的教誨。And they will see clearly that learning is not drudgery or something that happens only in school. Learning is something to be enjoyed every dayfor a lifetime. 他們也會(huì)淸楚地看到,學(xué)習(xí)不是苦差事,也不僅僅是學(xué)校里的事悄學(xué)習(xí)是每天的一種 享受生都是如此。Unit6Engineering工程學(xué)

27、Engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use. Engineers use principles of science to design structures, machines and products of all kinds. They look for better ways to use existing / potential resources and often develop new materials. Engineers have had a direct ro

28、le in the creation of most of modern technology the tools, materials, techniques and power sources that make our lives easier. 工程學(xué)是一門將科學(xué)知識(shí)運(yùn)用于實(shí)踐的專業(yè)。工程師運(yùn)用科學(xué)原理設(shè)計(jì)建筑物、機(jī)器以及各種各樣的產(chǎn)品。他們尋找更好的方法來(lái)使用現(xiàn)存的資源,同時(shí)也經(jīng)常開發(fā)新材料。工程師在絕大部分現(xiàn)代科技的創(chuàng)新中發(fā)揮著直接的作用,例如,為使生活更輕松自如,我們靠他們才有了工具、材料、技術(shù)和能源等。 The field of engineering includes a w

29、ide variety of activities. For example, engineering projects range from the construction of huge dams to the design of tiny electronic circuits. Engineers may help produce guided missiles, industrial robots, or artificial limbs for the physically handicapped. They develop complex scientific equipmen

30、t to explore the reaches of outer space and the depths of the oceans. Engineers also plan our electric power and water supply systems, and do research to improve automobiles, television sets, and other consumer quality products. They may work to reduce environmental pollution, increase the worlds fo

31、od supply, and make transportation faster and safer.工程學(xué)領(lǐng)域包括有各種不同的活動(dòng)。比如,工程項(xiàng)目涵蓋內(nèi)容可大到水壩的建設(shè),小到細(xì)微的電子線路的設(shè)計(jì)。工程師可以幫助生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)彈、工業(yè)用機(jī)器人或?yàn)樯眢w有殘疾的人生產(chǎn)假肢。他們開發(fā)復(fù)雜的科學(xué)設(shè)備來(lái)勘探外層空間和海洋深處。工程師還為我們規(guī)劃電力和供水系統(tǒng),研究改善汽車、電視機(jī)以及其他消費(fèi)品。他們致力于減少環(huán)境污染,增加世界糧食的供應(yīng),以及使運(yùn)輸更加快捷和安全。 The history of engineering is the record of human ingenuity through the

32、ages. Even in prehistoric times, people adapted basic engineering techniques from things that were available in nature. For example, sturdy sticks became levers to lift large rocks, and logs were used as rollers to move heavy loads. The development of agriculture and the growth of civilization broug

33、ht about a new wave of engineering efforts. People invented farming tools, designed elaborate irrigation networks, and built the first cities. The construction of the gigantic Egyptian pyramids at Giza during the 2500s B.C. was one of the greatest engineering feats of ancient times. In ancient Rome,

34、 engineers built large aqueducts and bridges and vast systems of roads. During the 200s B.C., the Chinese erected major sections of the monumental Great Wall of China.工程學(xué)的歷史即是人類世世代代匠心的獨(dú)運(yùn)記錄。甚至是在史前時(shí)期,人們就利用自然界里可獲得的事物作為原始的工程手段。例如,結(jié)實(shí)的棍子用作撬起巨大巖石的杠桿,原木用作移動(dòng)重物的滾筒。農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展和文明的進(jìn)步帶來(lái)了工程學(xué)研究的新浪潮。人們發(fā)明了農(nóng)具,設(shè)計(jì)了精巧的灌溉網(wǎng)絡(luò),建造

35、了初期的城市。公元前26世紀(jì),在吉扎建造的巨大的埃及金字塔是古代最偉大的工程建筑奇跡之一。在古羅馬,工程師建造了巨大的水渠,橋梁和許許多多的公路系統(tǒng)。在公元前3世紀(jì),中國(guó)人建立了雄偉的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的主體部分。 Early engineers used such simple machines as the inclined plane, wedge, and wheel and axle. During the Middle Ages, a period in European history that lasted from the A.D. 400s to the 1500s, invento

36、rs developed machines to harness water, wind, and animal power. The growing interest in new types of machines and new sources of power to drive them helped bring about the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s and 1800s, during which, their role expanded rapidly. The practical steam engine developed by

37、 the Scottish engineer James Watt in the 1760s revolutionized transportation and industry by providing a cheap, efficient source of power. New iron-making techniques provided engineers with the material to improve machines and tools and to build bridges and ships. Many roads, railroads, and canals w

38、ere constructed to link the growing industrial cities.早期的工程師使用了有斜面的刨子、楔子、輪子和車軸這樣簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械。在中世紀(jì)(歐洲歷史中,從公元5世紀(jì)到16世紀(jì)這段時(shí)期),發(fā)明家開發(fā)了利用水力、風(fēng)力和動(dòng)物之力的機(jī)械。對(duì)新型機(jī)械和驅(qū)動(dòng)這些機(jī)械的動(dòng)力源不斷增長(zhǎng)的興趣促使他們引發(fā)了1 8和19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)革命。在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期,工程師的作用得到迅速擴(kuò)展。由蘇格蘭的工程帥詹姆斯瓦特在1 8世紀(jì)60年代開發(fā)的實(shí)用蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供了便宜且有效的動(dòng)力源,引發(fā)了運(yùn)輸和工業(yè)的革命。新的煉鐵技術(shù)為工程師提供了改善機(jī)械與工具,以及建造輪船和橋梁所需的材料。人們建造了

39、很多公路、鐵道和運(yùn)河來(lái)連接小斷發(fā)展的工業(yè)城市。 Distinct branches of engineering began to develop during the Industrial Revolution. The term civil engineer was first used about 1750 by John Smeaton, a British engineer. Mechanical engineers emerged as specialists in industrial machinery, and mining and metallurgical enginee

40、rs were needed to supply metals and fuels. By the late 1800s, the development of electric power and advances in chemical processing had created the fields of electrical and chemical engineering. Professional schools began to be founded as the demand for engineers steadily increased. 在工業(yè)革命期間,工程學(xué)的不同分支

41、開始出現(xiàn)。1750年,英國(guó)工程師約翰斯密頓,首先使用土木工程師這一詞匯。機(jī)械工程師是指工業(yè)機(jī)械方面的專家,而金屬和燃料方面的供應(yīng)則需要有采礦和冶金工程師。到19世紀(jì)末期,電力的發(fā)展和化學(xué)加工的進(jìn)步創(chuàng)建了電機(jī)和化學(xué)工程學(xué)。由于對(duì)工程師的需求不斷增加,人們開始建立職業(yè)學(xué)校。Since 1900, the number of engineers and of engineering specialties has expanded dramatically. Artificial hearts, airplanes, computers, lasers, nuclear energy, plasti

42、cs, space travel, and television are only a few of the scientific and technological breakthroughs that engineers have helped bring about in this century. Because science and technology are progressing and changing so rapidly, todays engineers must study throughout their careers to make sure that the

43、ir knowledge and expertise do not become obsolete. They face the challenging task of keeping pace with the latest advances while working to shape the technology of the future.自從1900年以來(lái),工程師以及工程專業(yè)的數(shù)目大規(guī)模擴(kuò)大:人工心臟、飛機(jī)、計(jì)算機(jī)、激光、核能、塑料、太空旅行和電視等只是工程師在本世紀(jì)所進(jìn)行的科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的一小部分、因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)技術(shù)在飛速發(fā)展和變化,工程師在從事其事業(yè)的過(guò)程中必須不斷學(xué)習(xí)以確保們的知識(shí)和專

44、門技能不過(guò)時(shí)。在致力于未來(lái)技術(shù)發(fā)展的同時(shí),他們面臨著跟上最新技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。The field of engineers offers a broad range of job opportunities. Engineers may work in factories, offices, and government laboratories or at construction sites. Some engineers are involved in the research and development of new products. Others are responsible fo

45、r turning plans and specifications for new structure, machines or systems into reality. Still others use their background and training to sell and service technical equipment. Many engineers work on projects in teams that include scientists, technicians, and other engineers, however, some engineers

46、act as independent consultants who sell their services to people who need engineering assistance. Engineers may also hold teaching positions or move up into management positions in business.工程學(xué)領(lǐng)域提供廠大覺(jué)的工作機(jī)會(huì)。工程師可以在工廠、辦公室、政府實(shí)驗(yàn)室,或者施工場(chǎng)地工作。有的工程師可能進(jìn)行新產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)。有的工程師可能負(fù)責(zé)將新結(jié)構(gòu)、新機(jī)械和新系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及說(shuō)明書付諸于實(shí)施.。還有一些其他的工程師運(yùn)用他們的

47、知識(shí)背景和所受的訓(xùn)練來(lái)銷售技術(shù)設(shè)備或進(jìn)行技術(shù)設(shè)備維護(hù)。很多工程師與他人一起做項(xiàng)目,這個(gè)集體中包括科學(xué)家、技師和其他工程師等;但是也有一些工程師是作為獨(dú)立的顧問(wèn),向那些需要技術(shù)支持的人出售他們的服務(wù)。工程師還可能任教職,或者從事企業(yè)的管理工作。Certain abilities and traits help qualify a person for an engineering career. Engineers must have technical aptitude and skill in mathematics and the sciences. They should be curi

48、ous about the “how” and “why” of natural and mechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well both orally and in writing, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines. In addition,

49、skill in directing and supervising other workers is an important part of many engineering jobs.成為工程事業(yè)的合格人才應(yīng)具備一定的能力和特征。工程師必須有數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的天資與技能。他們要對(duì)自然事物和機(jī)械事物的“如何”和為什么”等問(wèn)題充滿好奇心,能夠創(chuàng)造性地發(fā)現(xiàn)開展工作的新方法。能夠有步驟地、邏輯地分析問(wèn)題,善于口頭上和書面土的溝通,能夠接受緊縮的預(yù)算和較緊的工期。另外,對(duì)于很多上工程任務(wù),指揮和監(jiān)督其他工作人員的技巧也是很重要的。 Unit7上鎖的大陸 Years ago in American,

50、it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night. In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security system to protect themselves and their valuables.Although the author is writing his opinion, he uses many exam

51、ples to reinforce his ideas and to prove his thesis.幾年前在美國(guó),許多美國(guó)家庭的門通常都是日夜不上鎖的。在本文中,格林遺憾地指出人們已經(jīng)不再彼此信任,不得不求助于各種復(fù)雜的安全設(shè)備來(lái)保護(hù)自身及其貴重物品。作者在提出自己觀點(diǎn)的同時(shí),舉出了大量的事例來(lái)證實(shí)和強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的觀點(diǎn);In the house where i grow up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night. I dont know if that was a local term or if i

52、s universal;on the latchmeant the door was closed but not locked . None of us carried keys ; the last one in for the evening would close up,and that was it.在我長(zhǎng)大成人的家里,我們的習(xí)慣是晚上把前門閂上。我不知道這是個(gè)地區(qū)用語(yǔ)還是普遍的說(shuō)法;“閂著門”的意思是關(guān)著門但卻不上鎖。我們都不帶鑰匙;晚上最后進(jìn)來(lái)的人會(huì)把門關(guān)上,如此而已。Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities

53、, doors do not stay unlocked,even for part of an evening.那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了?,F(xiàn)在不管是城市還是鄉(xiāng)村,門不再是不上鎖了,甚至天一黑門就要上鎖。Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patrolled urban streets. Statistic show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in

54、 cities. At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over.郊區(qū)及鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)在很多方面比巡視得很嚴(yán)密的城市街道還要容易出事。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明在那些據(jù)稱是平靜的地區(qū),犯罪率的上升較之城市還要顯著。不管怎么說(shuō),晚上閂著前門的日子已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。It has been replaced by locks , security chains, electronic alarm system and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard fir

55、m. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios,with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.門閂已經(jīng)被鎖,安全鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng)以及與警局或私人保鏢公司相連的報(bào)警線所取代,許多郊區(qū)家庭在庭院里都裝有滑動(dòng)的玻璃門,很別致地裝有暗藏的鋼閂,這樣就沒(méi)人能橇開門了。It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows dec

56、als announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.這很正常,在很多漂亮的家里,經(jīng)常能見(jiàn)到窗戶上張貼著圖案顯示本宅受某保安部隊(duì)或某保鏢公司的監(jiān)護(hù)。The lock is a new symbol of American. Indeed ,a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not actuarial charts but a pic

57、ture of a childs bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.鎖是美國(guó)的新的象征。確實(shí)最新的一家保險(xiǎn)公司的公益廣告顯示的不是數(shù)據(jù)表格而是一幅畫,畫面上有一輛兒童自行車,其上掛著把現(xiàn)在常見(jiàn)的掛鎖。The ad pointed out that,yes,it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing

58、to our way of life?who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of American from the land of the free to the land of the lock?誠(chéng)然,廣告顯示的是保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)為你失竊的東西負(fù)責(zé),但是又有誰(shuí)會(huì)補(bǔ)償這種不信任和恐懼的氣氛給我們生活方式帶來(lái)的改變呢,誰(shuí)來(lái)補(bǔ)償美國(guó)由自由大陸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯湘i的大陸所造成的心理?yè)p失呢?For that is what has happened.We have bcome so used to defending ours

59、elves against the new atmosphere of America life,so used to putting up barriers,that we have not had time to think about what it may mean.情況就是這樣。我們已經(jīng)非常習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國(guó)生活新氣氛的影響,習(xí)慣于圍起屏障,卻沒(méi)有時(shí)間去考慮這一切意味著什么。For some reason we are statisfied when we think we are well protected; it does not occur to us to ask ou

60、rselves: Why has this happened? Why are we having to barricade ourslves against our neighbors and fellow citizens,and when,exactly,did this start to take over our lives? 出干某種原因,當(dāng)我們受到良好的保護(hù)時(shí),我們自會(huì)心滿意足;卻從沒(méi)想過(guò)問(wèn)問(wèn)自己:為什么會(huì)這樣,為什么一定要在我們自己與鄰居和同胞之間設(shè)立屏障呢,而且,我們的生活受制于這一現(xiàn)象,究竟是從何時(shí)開始的呢?And it has taken over.If you work

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