便攜式數(shù)字血壓計中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、 中英文資料對照外文翻譯便攜式數(shù)字血壓計產(chǎn)品簡介我們的最后一個項目是設(shè)計和建立一個便攜式血壓監(jiān)測裝置，可以通過一個充氣袖口測量一個人的血壓和心率。該裝置包括三個主要部分：外部硬件（如袖口，電機(jī)，閥門，和液晶顯示器）、模擬電路與單片機(jī)。模擬電路轉(zhuǎn)換的袖帶內(nèi)的壓力值形成可讀和可使用的模擬波形。單片機(jī)對樣本波形并進(jìn)行模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換，可以做進(jìn)一步計算。此外，單片機(jī)用按鈕控制操作設(shè)備、液晶顯示。因為我們有這個詞便攜式的稱號，用一個包就可以裝下，允許用戶把它帶到任何地方，無論何時何地進(jìn)行測量。不可否認(rèn)的是，現(xiàn)在人們更多地關(guān)注健康狀況。其中最廣泛使用的測試健康狀況的方法是衡量一個人的血壓和心率。為了人們的健康，我

2、們決定為解決這一問題而設(shè)計一個在現(xiàn)實生活中有益的和可用的設(shè)備。高層次的設(shè)計1）血壓測量通常當(dāng)醫(yī)生測量病人的血壓時給袖口充氣，并使用聽診器聽血液在病人的手臂動脈的聲音。開始時，空氣被輸送到收縮壓值以上。在這一點(diǎn)上，醫(yī)生什么也聽不到，隨著壓力漸漸地被釋放，在某一點(diǎn)上，醫(yī)生會開始聽到心臟跳動的聲音，這一點(diǎn)對應(yīng)的是收縮壓的值。壓力進(jìn)一步降低后，醫(yī)生將繼續(xù)聽到的聲音（與之前聲音不同）。并在某一點(diǎn)，聲音將開始消失，這一點(diǎn)對應(yīng)舒張壓的值。我們使用的這種測量方法叫“示波法”?？諝鈱⒈粵_入袖口 20 毫米汞1 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）柱左右，高于平均收縮壓（平均約120 毫米汞柱）。之后，空氣會慢慢從袖口放出，導(dǎo)致在袖

3、口的壓力慢慢減小，我們將測量在手臂袖口氣壓的微小振蕩，收縮壓是壓力脈動開始出現(xiàn)時，我們將使用單片機(jī)檢測該點(diǎn)，然后記錄該壓力值。然后在袖口的壓力將進(jìn)一步減少。舒張壓將采取點(diǎn)振蕩開始消失時的點(diǎn)3）硬件框圖上面的圖顯示了我們的設(shè)備是如何運(yùn)作的。用戶將使用按鈕來控制操作整個系統(tǒng)。單片機(jī)的主要成分是控制所有操作，如電機(jī)和閥門控制，A / D轉(zhuǎn)換和計算，直到測量完成。然后是通過液晶屏輸出結(jié)果供用戶觀察。4）模擬電路模擬電路用于放大壓力傳感器的輸出信號的直流和交流成分，我們可以使用單片機(jī)來處理信號，并獲得有用的信息。壓力傳感器的生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的差分輸入壓力和輸出電壓成正比。輸出電壓壓力傳感器，范圍從 0 到 40

4、 毫伏。但我們的應(yīng)用希望泵手臂袖口只有 160 毫米汞柱（約 21.33 千帕），這相當(dāng)于約 18 mV 的輸出電壓。因此，我們選擇放大電壓，直流放大器的直流輸出電壓輸出范圍從 0 至 4V。因此，我們需要的增益約為 200。然后直流放大器的信號將傳遞到帶通濾波器，直流放大器放大直流和交流信號的組成部分（它只是一個普通的放大器）。過濾器的設(shè)計有較大的增益在1-4 赫茲左右，使通帶任何信號衰減，是帶通濾波器的交流分量最重要的因素，以確定2 何時捕獲的收縮壓/舒張壓時以確定心臟使用率。最后一個階段是交流耦合階段，我們使用兩個相同的電阻提供直流約 2.5 伏特的偏置電壓。使用 47 uF的電容耦合只

5、有交流信號的組成部分，使我們能夠獨(dú)立的提供直流偏置電壓。硬件設(shè)計1）壓力傳感器我們使用來自摩托羅拉 MPX2050 壓力傳感器接受手臂袖口壓力。壓力傳感器應(yīng)用的差分輸入壓力和輸出電壓成正比。我們連接管輸入袖口和我們離開打開另一個輸入，通過這種方式，將是成正比的輸出電壓區(qū)別在袖口的壓力和在房間里的空氣壓力。傳輸特性如圖圖1：輸出電壓和差分輸入壓力2）直流放大器由于壓力傳感器的輸出電壓是非常小的，我們必須作進(jìn)一步的信號放大處理。我們使用 ADI 公司的儀表放大器 AD620。電阻 R G 是用來確定放大器的增益。因為我們需要大約 200 的增益，我們選擇電阻 R G 是 240 歐姆。49.4kR

6、g G 1 的增益。然而，我們已經(jīng)測量從成品電路，這將使我們根據(jù)公式測得的增益是 213。放大器的電路圖如圖 2 所示。3 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）圖2：直流放大器的電路圖3）帶通濾波器作為一個活躍的兩個帶通濾波器級聯(lián)設(shè)計的帶通濾波器階段。之所以使用兩個帶通階段將提供一個比僅使用單級更大的增益和頻率響應(yīng)的濾波器將具有清晰的切斷。這種方法將提高輸出噪聲比?！皟蓚€濾波器的原理圖如圖 3 所示。第一個帶通濾波器：低頻截止1fl 0.338Hz2 47 F 10k高頻率截止1fh 6.63Hz 2 200 F 120k第一個過濾器的中頻增益第二帶通濾波器：120kA -1210k4 低頻截止1fl 0.338

7、Hz2 47 F 10k高頻率截止1fh 19.91Hz 2 24 F 333k第一個過濾器的中頻增益333kA -33.310k因此，對帶通濾波器階段，總增益為 399.6。結(jié)合這一增益與增益從直流放大器，總交流電路增益為8.51104，選擇高和低截止頻率足夠好給我們非常干凈的交流波形。4）交流耦合級交流耦合階段是用來提供直流偏置水平。我們要的直流電平波形定位大約一半，這是 2.5 伏交流耦合階段示意圖如圖 4 所示。鑒于這種偏執(zhí)電流，這是我們更容易使用單片機(jī)上模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器的微控制器處理交流信號。圖4：交流耦合級直流偏壓這個階段的交流輸出將通過在 Mega32 單片機(jī)的模擬 - 數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器。實

8、驗室的示波器上的圖像如圖 5 所示。我們可以看到波形非常漂亮和干凈。5 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）圖5：交流波形6 附錄 5 英文原文附錄 5 英文原文Portable Digital Blood Pressure MonitorIntroductionOur final project is to design and build a portable blood pressure monitordevice that can measure a users blood pressures and heart rate through aninflatable hand cuff. The devic

9、e is consisted of three main parts: external hardwares (such as cuff, motor, valve, and lcd), analog circuit, and microcontroller.The analog circuit converts the pressure value inside the cuff into readable andusable analog waveforms. The MCU samples the waveforms and performs A/Dconvention so that

10、further calculations can be made. In addition, the MCU alsocontrols the operation of the devices such as the button and lcd display. Since wehave the word portable in our title, for sure all of the components are puttogether in one package which allows a user to take it anywhere and perform ameasure

11、ment whenever and wherever he/she wants.It is undeniable that nowadays people are more aware of the healthconditions. One of the most widely used methods to test the health conditions ofan individual is to measure his/her blood pressures and heart rate. We, as ones ofthose who are concerned about th

12、eir health, decided to work on this subjectmatter because we would like to build something that is useful and useable inreal life.High Level Design1) How blood pressures are measuredUsually when the doctor measures the patients blood pressure, he willpump the air into the cuff and use the stethoscop

13、e to listen to the sounds of theblood in the artery of the patients arm. At the start, the air is pumped to be abovethe systolic value. At this point, the doctor will hear nothing through thestethoscope. After the pressure is released gradually, at some point, the doctorwill begin to hear the sound

14、of the heart beats. At this point, the pressure in the7 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）cuff corresponds to the systolic pressure. After the pressure decreases further, thedoctor will continue hearing the sound (with different characteristics). And atsome point, the sounds will begin to disappear. At this point, the pressu

15、re in thecuff corresponds to the diastolic pressure.To perform a measurement, we use a method called “oscillometric”. The airwill be pumped into the cuff to be around 20 mmHg above average systolicpressure (about 120 mmHg for an average). After that the air will be slowlyreleased from the cuff causi

16、ng the pressure in the cuff to decrease. As the cuff isslowly deflated, we will be measuring the tiny oscillation in the air pressure ofthe arm cuff. The systolic pressure will be the pressure at which the pulsationstarts to occur. We will use the MCU to detect the point at which this oscillationhap

17、pens and then record the pressure in the cuff. Then the pressure in the cuffwill decrease further. The diastolic pressure will be taken at the point in whichthe oscillation starts to disappear.3) Hardware diagramThe diagram above shows how our device is operated. The user will usebuttons to control

18、the operations of the whole system. The MCU is the maincomponent that controls all the operations such as motor and valve control, A/Dconversion, and calculation, until the measurement is completed. The results then8 附錄 5 英文原文are output through and LCD screen for the user to see.4) Analog CircuitThe

19、 analog circuit is used to amplify both the DC and AC components ofthe output signal of pressure transducer so that we can use the MCU to processthe signal and obtain useful information about the health of the user. Thepressure transducer produces the output voltage proportional to the applieddiffer

20、ential input pressure. The output voltage of the pressure transducer rangesfrom 0 to 40 mV. But for our application, we want to pump the arm cuff to only160 mmHg (Approximately21.33kPa). This corresponds to the output voltage ofapproximately 18 mV. Thus, we choose to amplify the voltage so that the

21、DCoutput voltage of DC amplifier has an output range from 0 to 4V. Thus, we needa gain of approximately 200. Then the signal from the DC amplifier will bepassed on to the band-pass filter. The DC amplifier amplifies both DC and ACcomponent of the signal (its just a regular amplifier). The filter is

22、designed tohave large gain at around 1-4 Hz and to attenuate any signal that is out of thepass band. The AC component from the band-pass filter is the most importantfactor to determine when to capture the systolic/diastolic pressures and when todetermine the heart rate of the user. The final stage i

23、s the AC coupling stage. Weuse two identical resistors to provide a DC bias level at approximately 2.5 volts.The 47 uF capacitor is used to coupling only AC component of the signal so thatwe can provide the DC bias level independently.Hardware Design1) Pressure TransducerWe use the MPX2050 pressure

24、transducer from Motorola to sense thepressure from the arm cuff. The pressure transducer produces the output voltageproportional to the applied differential input pressure. We connect the tube fromthe cuff to one of the inputs and we leave another input open. By this way, theoutput voltage will be p

25、roportional to the difference between the pressure in thecuff and the air pressure in the room. The transfer characteristic is shown in9 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）figure 1.Figure 1: Output voltage vs. Differential input pressure2) DC AmplifierSince the output voltage of the pressure transducer is very small, we have

26、toamplify the signal for further processing. We use the instrumentation amplifierAD620 from Analog Devices. The resistor R G is used to determine the gain ofthe amplifier according to the equation Rg=49.4k/（G-1). Since we need the gainof approximately 200, we choose the resistor R G to be 240 ohms.

27、This will giveus the gain of 206 according to the equation. However, we have measured thegain from the finished circuit, and the measured gain is 213. The schematic ofthe amplifier is shown in figure 2.Figure 2: Schematic of DC amplifier3) Band-pass FilterThe band-pass filter stage is designed as a

28、cascade of the two activeband-pass filters. The reason for using two stages is that the overall band-passstage would provide a large gain and the frequency response of the filter willhave sharper cut off than using only single stage. This method will improve the10 附錄 5 英文原文signal to noise ratio of t

29、he output. The schematics for both filters are shown infigure 3.Figure 3: Band passes Filter StageFirst Band-pass filter:1The lower frequency cutoff is fl 0.338Hz 2 47F 10k1The higher frequency cutoff is fh 6.63Hz 2 200 F 120k120kThe mid-band gain of the first filter is A -1210kSecond Band-pass filter:1The lower frequency cutoff is fl 0.338Hz 19.91Hz 2 47F 10k1The higher f