一般功能性詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課程

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。一般功能性詞匯-1.一般功能詞匯因果關(guān)系導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生giveriseto,leadto,resultin,beresponsiblefor,prompt解析：giveriseto,leadto,resultin表示一般性的“導(dǎo)致、產(chǎn)生、造成”；beresponsiblefor不僅表示“為負(fù)責(zé)”，也可以表示“產(chǎn)生”（beingasourceorcause），但多指“產(chǎn)生某種負(fù)面后果和不利局面”；prompt表示“激發(fā)”（Tomovetoact;spur;incite），有“快速產(chǎn)生”之意。Fast-pace

2、dmodernlifeisresponsiblefortheconsumptionofjunkfood.Thebishopsspeechhaspromptedanangryresponsefrombothpoliticalparties.SharonStonesremarksaboutChinasSichuanearthquakepromptedangryresponsesfromtheChinesepublic.產(chǎn)生于resultfrom,originatein(from)解析：resultfrom表示“產(chǎn)生于”；originatein(from)表示“發(fā)源自”例句：Youtiaoorigi

3、natedinChina.歸因于attribute.to,blame.on,betheculpritof解析：attributeAtoB表示“將A歸因于B”；blameAonB，表示“將A（負(fù)面的）歸咎于B”；culprit本意表示“罪犯”(onechargedwithacrimeoranoffense)，比喻義表示“造成某種負(fù)面后果的原因”（thereasonforaparticularproblemordifficulty）例句：Childrentodayaregettingincreasinglyoverweight.Expertsbelievethatexcessiveconsumpt

4、ionisthemainculprit.使某人做某事promptsbtodosth,motivatesbtodosth解析：prompt指“令某人做出某種具體行動(dòng)的原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速激發(fā)”；motivate指“成為某人的做某事的動(dòng)機(jī)”Manygreatbusinessmenaremotivatednotbutthedesireformoney.原因cause,reason解析：cause指“造成某事客觀原因”，reason指“用來解釋的理由”。Reason并不一定就是cause.跟cause有關(guān)的幾種常用搭配：真實(shí)原因realcause,根本原因rootcause,underlyingcause主

5、要原因majorcause,primarycause可能的原因likelycause,possiblecausecontributorycause例句：Thereasonhegaveforhispooracademicperformancesisthathehadrecentlywentthroughaemotionalmeltdown.ButIknowthatisnottherealcause.Unhealthyeatinghabitshavemanyothercontributorycauses.事物數(shù)量幾個(gè)several,anumberof,acoupleof解析：several略顯非正

6、式；Anumberof是正式表達(dá)。AcoupleofdaysAcrossthestreetfrommethereareacoupleofpoliceofficersstandingguard很多個(gè)可數(shù)alarge(vast)numberof,numerous,ahostof,alegionof,aflockof,flocktodosth解析：Ahostof表示“大量的”指”事物“。Legion本意指“軍團(tuán)”、flock本意表“羊群”，legion和flock都表示“大量的某一類人”。例句：Makingpublictransportationfreemightcreateahostofprobl

7、ems.Flocksofconsumersarebuyingproductsthattheyhavenorealusefor.很多，大量不可數(shù)alargedeal(amount,supply,quantity)of辨析：quantity指“可以裝在容器中的某物”；supply指“提供的某物”例句：alargequantityofdrugs,alargequantityoffoodanddrink,alargesupplyofoxygen,alargesupplyoffood很多可數(shù)&不可數(shù)plentyof辨析：plentyof可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞充足的sufficient,adequate辨

8、析：指“數(shù)量”、“質(zhì)量“、”效力”能夠滿足需求的。例句：sufficientincome,anadequatesupplyoffood,asufficientsupplyofusefulinformation不充足的insufficient,inadequate十分充足的ample辨析：指morethanenough，搭配較為局限。例句：Ampleevidence,ampleopportunity,ampletime重要性重要的basic,fundamental,essential,vital,integral,indispensable解析：essential表示“因?yàn)槭潜举|(zhì)，所以必不可少的

9、”；integral表示“因?yàn)槭菢?gòu)成整體的一部分，所以必不可少的”，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在integralpart這樣的搭配中；indispensable表示“必不可少的”。PetsareanintegralpartoftheAmericanwayoflife重要must,necessity,precondition,prerequisite,priority解析：must做名詞，表示“必要的某物”（Somethingindispensable）；prerequisite表示“先決條件”（Requiredornecessaryasapriorcondition）Ifyouliveinacity,acari

10、samust.Theseriousnessoftrafficjamshighlightsthenecessityofcontrollingautomobilesincities.Inthemodernsociety,havingacollegediplomaisalmostaprerequisitefor/tosuccess.AsufficientTOEFLscoreisalmostaprerequisiteforapplyingforAmericancollegesoruniversities.使成為必要necessitateApplyingforAmericancollegesoruniv

11、ersitiesnecessitatestakingTOEFL.Havingmusicclassesnecessitatesbuyingmusicalinstruments,whichcanbeveryexpensive.緊迫urgent,pressing,imperativeImperative表示“需要立刻關(guān)注或采取行動(dòng)的”。（Compellingimmediateattention）Thereisanurgentneedforfreshwaterandamplefood.Pressingneed/matter/problemItisimperativetoprotecttheendang

12、eredanimals.不重要minor,secondary,lowpriority,takethesecondplaceProtectingtheenvironmentisurgent,butitdoesnotmeanthatinvestinginmedicalcaretakesabackseat事物的大小和程度較大considerable,significant,considerably,significantly巨大tremendous(ly),enormous(ly)過度excessive,excessively極度extreme,extremely在極端情況下Inextremecir

13、cumstances,inextremecases合理適度reasonable,reasonably,moderate,moderately相似性相同的besimilar(to),alike,comparable解析：similar和comparable既可以做表語(yǔ)也可以作定語(yǔ)，alike做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。TheChinesecultureandtheKoreanculturearealike(similar,comparable)inmanyaspects.Thegirlsareofcomparable(similar)ages.Lawyersandpoliticiansalike（只能用ali

14、ke）requireastrongabilitytospeak.不同的different,distinct解析：distinct表示“差異一望而知的，截然不同的?！保≧eadilydistinguishablefromallothers）Travelinginforeigncountriesallowpeopletogetatasteofdistinctcultures.方面aspect,facet解析：facet本意是寶石的切面，比喻義“多個(gè)方面中的一個(gè)”（Oneofnumerousaspects,asofasubject.）TheInternethashadtremendousimpact

15、soneveryfacetofthemodernlife.Intermsof在“某方面”變化增加不及物increase,grow,rise使增加及物increase,boost變少及物decrease,dwindle使減少不及物decrease,reduce,cut,trim,slash越來越increasingly,progressively時(shí)間開始advent解釋：advent指“某重大事件的開始”（Thecomingorarrival,especiallyofsomethingextremelyimportant）.theleapforwardincommunicationmadepos

16、siblebytheadventofthemobilephone.及時(shí)up-to-date,keepupwith,catchupwithItisimportanttokeepupwithnews.過時(shí)out-of-date,renderobsoleteTheadventofdigitalbookswillrenderpaperbooksobsoleteeventually.代替taketheplaceof,replace,supplant短期的temporary,shortterm長(zhǎng)期的lasting,longterm最終eventually意愿強(qiáng)制mandatory選擇optional可能性

17、可能possible,likely,probable,chancesaregoodthat,conceivablepossibility,likelihood,probability解析：possible可能性最小,likely和probable最大,chancesaregoodthat相當(dāng)于likely或probableIfthepublictransportationsystemismadefree,chancesaregoodthatbusorsubwaycompanieswillhavedifficultyoperating.Thereisapossibility(likelihood

18、,probability)相當(dāng)于itispossiblethat；thereisastrongpossibility(likelihood,probability)that相當(dāng)于probable；inallprobability和inalllikelihood表示almostcertain必定becertainto,besureto,beboundto解析：beboundto表示“必定會(huì)”Thetuitionsarecertain(sure,bound)toincreaseifteachersarepaidmore.不可能impossible,unlikely,improbable可行的pra

19、ctical,viableSolarpowerisnowaviablealternativetooil-firedwaterheaters.不可行的impractical利弊分析好事/壞事blessing,curse有益bringbenefitsto,benefitfrom有害causedamage/harmto改善，提高及物improve,enhance削弱及物weaken,undermine,takeatollon提供provide,offer,afford獲得gain,acquire幫助behelpfulto,beinstrumentalin,goalongwaytowardsPract

20、iceisinstrumentalinachievingtopscoresinTOEFL.培養(yǎng)develop,foster,honeFosteraninterest,fosterasenseofcommunity,fosterdemocracyandprosperityIttakestimetohonemanagementskills.促成contributeto,acontributingfactorFast-pacedlifeisamajorcontributingfactortounhealthyhabits.使；令make,enable,allow,makeitpossible優(yōu)秀的excellent,outstanding,standoutfrom平庸的mediocre差的poorawful,terrible安全和危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)protect,safeguardSafeguardinterests,safeguardrights,safeguardwelfare危害endanger,put.indanger,beatrisk