2021屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三英語二模概要寫作指導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、2021奉賢二模 What You Will Need to Live to 100活到 100 歲需要什么A new approach to retirement preparation known as “l(fā)ongevity planning” has been on the rise for years, with the global population of centenarians (百歲老人) steadily growing. In about 40 years, the number of people 100 and older will be six times as

2、high as it is now. What, as you may wonder, enhances longevity? While a previous study underlined the link between longevity and higher education, having a degree doesnt necessarily guarantee you a longer life. Actually, the growth in the 100-plus age group are more likely to result from a combinati

3、on of improved lifestyle factors.多年來，隨著全球百歲老人人口的穩(wěn)步增長，一種被稱為“長壽計劃”的退休準(zhǔn)備新方法一直在興起。 大約 40 年后，100 歲及以上的人數(shù)將是現(xiàn)在的六倍。 您可能想知道，什么可以延長壽命？ 雖然之前的一項研究強調(diào)了長壽與高等教育之間的聯(lián)系，但擁有學(xué)位并不一定能保證您的壽命更長。 實際上，100 歲以上年齡組的增長更有可能是生活方式因素改善的綜合結(jié)果。 Genetic, as new research has revealed, is a force that cannot go ignored. Dr. Peris of medici

4、ne and geriatrics at Boston University points out that longevity is not distributed equally. Being blessed with the certain genetic component that extend your life span is like winning the lottery. Only one in 5000 is lucky enough to possess the magical power that help make it to the century mark. R

5、are as it may appear, the genetic component is a factor in 40 percent to 50 percent of people who make it to 100 and 70 percent for those reaching 106.正如新研究表明的那樣，遺傳是一種不可忽視的力量。 波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)和老年病學(xué)的珀里斯（Peris）博士指出，壽命分布不均。 擁有某些可以延長壽命的基因成分就像中了彩票一樣。 只有五千分之一的人有幸擁有幫助其進(jìn)入世紀(jì)大關(guān)的神奇力量。 盡管可能看起來很罕見，但在 40% 到 50% 的人中，遺傳成分是一

6、個因素，而在 100% 和 70% 的人中，達(dá)到 106 歲。 Deliberate mental, social and physical activities during retirement also matter. That means continuing to learn new things, staying involved in the community and working to some degree. Activity is critically important, said Mitch Anthony, a consultant in Rochester, w

7、ho trains financial planners in life planning. People tend to do best when they remain socially and mentally vibrant.退休期間有意進(jìn)行的心理、社交和身體活動也很重要。 這意味著繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)新事物，繼續(xù)參與社區(qū)并在一定程度上工作。 羅切斯特（Rochester）的顧問米奇安東尼（Mitch Anthony）說，活動至關(guān)重要，他對理財規(guī)劃師進(jìn)行人生規(guī)劃培訓(xùn)。 當(dāng)人們在社交和精神上保持活力時，他們往往會做得最好。 The research continues to uncover that

8、 despite their struggle to identify how they improve longevity, most of the researchers agree that purpose and meaning throughout life provide people with better chances to live longer. These factors may offer a mental and possibly physical shelter from stressful events hi life. Having purpose in li

9、fe may motivate reframing stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and disorder.研究繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管他們努力確定如何延長壽命，但大多數(shù)研究人員同意，終生的目的和意義為人們提供了更好的長壽機會。 這些因素可以為生活中的壓力事件提供精神和可能的身體庇護(hù)。 生活中有目標(biāo)可能會促使重新構(gòu)建壓力情境以更有效地處理它們，從而促進(jìn)從壓力和紊亂中恢復(fù)。 【參考答案1】Besides genetic, a signif

10、icant yet uncontrollable contributor, lifestyle factors also improve longevity. First, retirees active participation in activities prolongs their lives as they benefit socially and mentally. Meanwhile, people who live a meaningful and purposeful life also live longer because they usually recover mor

11、e quickly from stress and disorder. (49 words)除了遺傳這一重要但無法控制的因素外，生活方式因素也能延長壽命。 首先，退休人員積極參與活動可以延長他們的壽命，因為他們在社會和精神上都受益。 與此同時，過著有意義和有目的的生活的人也活得更久，因為他們通常會更快地從壓力和混亂中恢復(fù)過來。 (49 字) 【參考答案2】There are a few factors that may improve ones longevity. First, genetic is a significant yet uncontrollable contributor.

12、Then retirees active participation in activities also prolongs their lives as they benefit socially and mentally. Meanwhile, people who live a meaningful and purposeful life also live longer because they usually recover more quickly from stress and disorder. (56 words)有幾個因素可以提高一個人的壽命。 首先，遺傳是一個重要但無法控

13、制的因素。 退休人員積極參與活動也延長了他們的壽命，因為他們在社會和精神上都受益。 與此同時，過著有意義和有目的的生活的人也活得更久，因為他們通常會更快地從壓力和混亂中恢復(fù)過來。 (56 字) 概要寫作的寫作步驟第一步：閱讀A. 認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。B.該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點進(jìn)行概括。C. 簡要地記下主要觀點主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對概括摘要重要的東西。第二步：動手寫作A. 摘要應(yīng)盡量用自己的話完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 應(yīng)該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點、事

14、實。C. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 寫摘要時可以采用下列幾種小技巧：1) 刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點。2) 選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括5個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個例子。3) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。4) 避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強調(diào)某個主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強調(diào)的重述句。5) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：“His courage in battle might without exag

15、geration be called lion-like.”可以概括為：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括為：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few peop

16、le in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括為：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today ac

17、cessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括為：

18、”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。9) 文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use

19、 much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was pati

20、ent. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to apprec