職稱英語考試綜合A真題及答案解析

1、職稱英語綜合A真題預(yù)測第一部分：詞匯選項（第115題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分?jǐn)M定1個意義最為接近的選項。1. Only people over 18 are (eligible) to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever2. The latest car model (embodies) the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadens3. The coastal area has very

2、(mild) winter, but the central plains remain extreme cold.A. severeB. hardC. warmD. dry4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly (withstand) the test of time.A. gradeB. attractC. bearD. suffer5. However a (shabby) thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A. oldB. bigC. newD. small6

3、. The weather was so (gorgeous) that many people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must (abide) by the judges decision.A. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was (ingeniously) devised to fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentive

4、lyD. carefully9. Some newspapers in the west are (notably) biased.A. especiallyB. whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answer were (obscure) and confusing.A. unclearB. obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her young sister was really (touching).A. disturbingB. connectingC. movingD. waving

5、12. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. stable B. suitableC. changeableD. adaptable13. They have built canals to(irrigate) thedesert.A. decorate B. changeC. visit D. water14. The details of the costume were totally(authentic).A. outstanding B. realC. creative D. fals

6、e15. The new(garment)fits her perfectly.A. clothesB. haircutC. purse D. necklace第二部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是對的信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Income TaxFor many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out the dorm room a

7、nd beginning to register ones annual earnings with the US government.That last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(難事) to obey.Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system “amazingly complicated”. But he adds that “very little of the complicated tax law applies to yo

8、ung people who are just being their careers”. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the systems complications.Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to d

9、o the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilberts.According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filing their income tax forms.“Young people who grow up in wealthy househol

10、ds typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so,” said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.“On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor.”

11、In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxed and are entitled to the difference.Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student，expects he will get

12、a refund of about $100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.Thalman called the whole process a “hassle”, but added that he didnt want to test the law by not filing his income tax papers.“Im worried about what would happen if I failed t

13、o file,” he said.”I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. I certainly dont want that”.16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The US income tax system doe

14、s not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. When young people file their income tax forms, they will often follow in their paren

15、ts footsteps.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The US

16、 income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概況大意與完畢句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中為第25段每段選擇1個最佳選項標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中為每個句子擬定1個最佳選項。Tunguska Event1. A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped open the dawn

17、sky above a forest of western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2. A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometres. The fireball was so great

18、that a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3. Experts suspect it was a rock that, after travelling in space for millions of years was destined to cr

19、ash to Earth at exactly 7:17a.m. on June 30,1908. This possibility worries scientists. Imagine an unspotted asteroid hitting a significant chunk of land. and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, was populated, the British science journal Nature commented recently.4. But no fragments of the “rock”

20、have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientist will have to de

21、cide whether to try to deflect it or blow it up in space.5. However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane-rich gas from deep within the ea

22、rths crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.A. Unknown AttacksB. Importance of Finding EvidenceC. Competing ExplanationD. Star WarE. Mysterious ExplosionF. Explanation that Worries Scientists23. Paragraph 2 _E_24. Paragraph

23、3 _F_25. Paragraph 4 _B_26. Paragraph 5 _C_27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago _C_.28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light _D_.29. The hypothesis, that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth _A_.30. Wolfgang kundt, who has developed an alter

24、native theory, _E_.A. lacks sufficient evidenceB. will kill many animalsC. has remained a puzzleD. was generated by the explosionE. is a university professorF. are attacked by aliens第四部分：閱讀理解（第3045題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題擬定1個最佳選項。第一篇：Dont Rely on Indirect Evidence Conservationists

25、may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(糞)the creatures leave behind.The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there a

26、re twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New YorkBiologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees.“We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indir

27、ect,” says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays Because its ex

28、tremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wro

29、ng values can lead the census astray(歧途), says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary(禁獵區(qū)) in southwest Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the

30、rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Pl

31、umptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate is the decay rate can severely affect the result.”Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts

32、 numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions., he says. “If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(偷獵)outside.”Plumptre says that simila

33、r problems may also plague other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).31. The word “threatened” in Paragraph 1 means_.A. frightenedB. angered C. killedD. endangered 32. The way elephant numbers are estimated is_.A. technicalB. theoreticalC. unhelp

34、fulD. mistaken33. Counting piles of elephant dung is not reliable because they differ in_.A. sizeB. shapeC. track locationD. decay rate34. According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in a_.A. nature rangeB. small regionC. protected areaD. monitored place35. In making an animal cens

35、us study, Plumptre advises researchers not to rely on_.A. monitoring techniquesB. electrical devicesC. aeroplanesD. indirect evidence第二篇：Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destructScientists have long understood that supermassive (超大質(zhì)量的) black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apar

36、t stars that come too close. The black holes gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbala

37、nced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文臺) in Meudon, France1, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life，as it veered tow

38、ards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake(薄餅) shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.

39、But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the cond

40、itions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the starit will be completely destroyed,” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates(使消失) the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the st

41、ars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling(旋轉(zhuǎn)) into the hole itself. It heats up as it do

42、es so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of th

43、at star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.36. What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?A. The star would veer away from the black hole.B. The black hole would reduce its own size considerably.C. The flattening process would reduce the stars density.D. The black hole w

44、ould rip the star apart.37. According to Paragraph 3, researchers differed in the likelihood of generating_.A. star densityB. nuclear explosionC. shock wavesD. the uneven forces38. According to Paragraph 4, the new simulations favored_.A. the creation of a new starB. the formation of a new black hol

45、eC. a nuclear explosionD. the enlargement of the star39. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A. The stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.B. The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.C. The black holes matter will heat up.D. The black holes

46、 matter will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays.40. The word “disruption” in Paragraph 6 means_.A. tearing apartB. eruptionC. interruptionD. flattening第三篇：Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest pla

47、yer in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名氣). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe ar

48、e fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才干)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the NBA draft(選抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NB

49、A player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(難對付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced i

50、n February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震動)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny

51、 screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where

52、he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimula

53、te bone repair.There is no reason to dismiss TCM, Yao told a press conference in Beijing. Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.41.The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_.A. largeB. fatC. tallD. great42. Opponents find it very difficult to contro

54、l Yao Ming because of his_.A. mobilityB. assaultC. defenseD. celebrity43. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_.A. his right foot had been hurting.B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldnt afford all the medical expens

55、es.44. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B. He is an NBA player.C. He fractured his left foot.D. He is an international figure.45. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.A. indifferentB. positiveC. negativeD. doubtful第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第4650題，每題2分，共

56、10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。SaunaCeremonial (典禮性的) bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot ro

57、cks or as a dry heat bath.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. (46)Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground

58、 caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours.A few people today say

59、that the smoke sauna, “savusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. (47)Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or

60、 arthritis (關(guān)節(jié)炎) may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation (炎癥). Asthma (氣喘) patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion (阻塞) arid speed recove