杭州專版2022年中考英語書面表達課件

1、1.審和列：審題，就是理清、明確寫作任務(wù)的主旨和要點，找齊要點、時態(tài)和人稱，這些都要記下來，有了要點就可以列提綱，也就是根據(jù)要點關(guān)鍵詞列出提綱。提綱應(yīng)包括單詞、短語、簡單句等，做到不漏寫、不多寫、不亂寫，內(nèi)容條理化。簡而言之，就是要確定寫作的體裁、主題，弄清題目所給的情境、要求表達的要點、文體格式、時態(tài)和人稱等。2.擴和連：圍繞要點、根據(jù)提綱添加適當(dāng)內(nèi)容。將要點擴展成句、將主題句通過添加支撐句擴展成段落。在擴句拓展時，要加上一些適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使文章層次鮮明，也別忘了加上開頭和結(jié)尾，這就體現(xiàn)了對邏輯的要求。對于一些英語程度較好的同學(xué)，還要適當(dāng)優(yōu)化你的作文?？梢試L試著使用一些較高級的詞匯、句式(被動

2、語態(tài)、賓語從句、狀語從句、諺語)等提升文章檔次，美化文章語言，但一定要保證句式正確和用詞恰到好處。3.查和抄：謄抄之前再次檢查。抄也是檢查。抄完后再讀一遍，這就是追求完美的體現(xiàn)。檢查主要注意以下方面：一是字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合要求。100詞左右的短文，最少要寫90詞以上，最多寫到110詞；二是體裁、格式是否正確；三是內(nèi)容要點是否全面；四是語言表達是否有誤，包括單詞拼寫、主謂一致、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)、大小寫、標(biāo)點符號等等。這些都是檢查的內(nèi)容。寫作中，要時刻牢記：規(guī)范語言、把握時態(tài)。寫作中要注意語言表達的規(guī)范性和流暢性，盡量使用最熟悉、最有把握的詞匯和句型，避免中式英語。除此之外，還要注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的正確使用，碰到

3、不會的單詞、詞組和句子，可以找同義詞、同義句來代替。除了以上三步，我們還必須注意到如何進行段落布局。段落是構(gòu)成短文的基本框架。總體而言，中考英語書面表達側(cè)重于記敘文寫作、說明文寫作、夾敘夾議型的議論文寫作、倡議書、信件等應(yīng)用文體寫作。在中考書面表達中最常見的為“三段式”結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是開頭段中間段結(jié)尾段三部分，中間段為主體部分。詳見下圖：從內(nèi)容安排角度講，Introduction部分需要用較概括的語言介紹背景，使讀者了解文章主旨，所以可以按照“引言句擴展句”形式成文；Body部分由于其含有主題句和較多內(nèi)容作為細(xì)節(jié)來解釋和說明主題句，所以這是一個自成體系的部分，在這部分寫作中要通過例子或者自身經(jīng)歷來

4、充分說明主題，因此可以按照“主題句擴展句擴展句擴展句”形式成文；最后的Conclusion 部分往往以提出建議、發(fā)出號召作為結(jié)尾，可以按照“連接詞全文概括句(發(fā)出號召/提出建議)”等形式展開收尾。在段落安排中還必須注意上下文的連貫，通過連詞、設(shè)問句、疑問句等形式使上下文過渡自然。目前寫作中還有一種趨勢，那就是給出開頭句。那么在行文過程中為了保持連貫和過渡自然，就必須要考慮題目所給出的開頭起什么作用，怎樣布局才能保證上下文連貫通順?！扒谀苎a拙是良訓(xùn)，一分辛苦一分才?！笔紫?，要多讀范文，多分析范文，知道范文是怎樣謀篇布局的，是怎樣步步推進的，要用范文來指導(dǎo)自己的寫作。其次，一定要動筆寫。要熟悉各種

5、文體的寫作方法和寫作技巧，要緊跟老師的安排寫好作文。中考作文就可以理解為“漢堡包”，對于英語水平較差的同學(xué)而言，按照“32”模式進行作文訓(xùn)練，也就是寫三句容易的，再寫兩句有點難度的，日積月累，不愁寫不出及格的作文；對于英語水平中等以上的學(xué)生而言，要著重培養(yǎng)審題能力，培養(yǎng)仿寫后的獨立創(chuàng)作能力?？忌纫罁?jù)寫作題型，重點訓(xùn)練分析題型、提取核心信息的能力，又要加強對詞匯、語法的掌握，并運用多種形式來書寫表達。 最后祝同學(xué)們都能寫出符合要求、有血有肉的作文！書面表達技能提升(1)豐富詞匯、靈活表達【技巧點撥】同學(xué)們在寫作時應(yīng)盡量不要反復(fù)使用相同的詞匯，以避免文章看起來枯燥、呆板。英語中相同的意思往往有

6、不同的表達形式。用稍難單詞或短語代替一些簡單、常見的表達，可以使文章更生動，更有表現(xiàn)力。試體會下面黑體詞匯的不同表達效果。You should try your best to use the new words in your daily life.You are supposed to make every effort to use the new words in your daily life.I think tea is good for both health and business.In my opinion, tea is helpful for both health a

7、nd business.【詞匯晉級】knowrealize/learn aboutseecatch sight ofsolvework out/deal withwantwould like/feel likerememberkeep. in mind needrequire/call forlearnmaster/pick up giveoffer/providedecidemake up ones mind helpgive. a handrefuseturn down likeenjoy/be interested inshouldbe supposed to thinkin ones

8、opinionexpectlook forward to kindwarm-heartedgoodenjoyable/pleasant greatexcellent/wonderfulbadterrible firstlyto begin/start withsuddenlyall of a sudden finallyat last/in the endsotherefore/as a result besideswhats morehelpfuluseful/beneficial nownowadays/at presentthink ofcome up with try to domak

9、e every effort to dostart to doget down to doing look aftercare for/take care of【學(xué)以致用】改寫下面句中黑體部分的詞匯。1.We should remember that its our duty to join in labor activities. .2.She decided to accept the challenge and move forward step by step. .3.This morning I saw a beautiful bird on my way to school. .k

10、eep in mindmade up her mindcaught sight of4.Finally, we had a good idea to keep our classroom clean. .5.After I watched the program Chinese Poetry Conference (中國詩詞大會), I began to like ancient poems. .At last，came up withbe interested in書面表達技能提升(2)擴寫句子寫作的時候，我們常遇到寫完主謂賓就不知道如何往下寫的情況。這時可以運用一定的方法對句子進行擴展，以

11、表達更完整、更具體的意思?！炯记牲c撥】 添加定語對名詞進行限制或說明，如形容詞、介詞短語、分詞短語、定語從句等。例：He is a student.定語1.He is a hard-working student.定語2.He is a hard-working student(studying) in Yucai Middle School.定語3.He is a hard-working student in Yucai Middle School who always gets good grades.添加狀語表示時間、地點、方式、程度、目的、原因、結(jié)果等，如副詞、不定式、分詞、狀語從句

12、等。例：We should take good care of our eyes.(擴寫原因)We should take good care of our eyes because eyes are the windows to the soul.例：You should communicate with your parents often.(擴寫目的)You should communicate with your parents often to get along well with them.You should communicate with your parents ofte

13、n so that you can get along well with them.例：There is nothing to worry about the exam.(擴寫條件)There is nothing to worry about the exam as long as you prepare well for it.添加同位語，如名詞、名詞短語等。例：Dunhuang is an amazing city.(添加同位語)Dunhuang is an amazing city, one of the main stops on the Silk Road.添加例子作補充說明，如

14、用like、such as列舉事物或用for example舉例說明等。例：We should pay more attention to personal health.(擴寫事例)We should pay more attention to personal health such as wearing the mask and keeping one meter away from others.例：Bad eyesight brings trouble to our life and study.(舉例說明)Bad eyesight brings trouble to our lif

15、e and study.For example, if we leave our glasses at home, we cant see the blackboard clearly in class.【學(xué)以致用】根據(jù)漢語提示擴寫下面的句子。1.The air is fresh.(添加定語) .2.I want to have a magic paintbrush.(添加目的狀語) . . 3.The world will become a better place to live in.(添加條件) . . The air in the countryside is fresh，which

16、 is good for health.I want to have a magic paintbrush to draw a new world without pollution.If everyone does something to keep the air clean，the world will become a better place to live in.4.Students can learn many things that they cant learn at school.(添加時間狀語) . .5.I prefer to live in the city.(添加原

17、因) . .When they join in a study trip, students can learn many things that they cant learn at school.I prefer to live in the city because I can enjoy the convenience it offers.書面表達技能提升(3)巧用連接詞恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用連接詞把詞與詞、短語與短語、句與句之間連接起來，可以使語言表達更加準(zhǔn)確、流暢?，F(xiàn)將常用連接詞總結(jié)如下。表示并列或選擇關(guān)系：and、both.and.、not only.but (also).、either.o

18、r.、as well as等。例如：Teachers teach us a lot of knowledge. They help us in many ways.Teachers teach us a lot of knowledge and help us in many ways.My father often goes to work by subway. Sometimes, he goes to work by bus.My father goes to work either by subway or by bus.小練：1.We picked up the rubbish on

19、 the ground.We threw it into a dustbin.(合并句子) . .表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but、while、however等。例如：Im good at every subject. I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject, but I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject while I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject. However, I

20、 often feel nervous about exams.We picked up the rubbish on the ground and threw it into a dustbin.小練：2.The Internet makes our life more convenient. It also brings some bad influences on our health.(合并句子) . . . . . .The Internet makes our life more convenient，but it also brings some bad influences o

21、n our health./The Internet makes our life more convenient while it also brings some bad influences on our health./The Internet makes our life more convenient. However，it also brings some bad influences on our health.表示因果關(guān)系：so、therefore、as a result、thanks to、because of、because等。例如：I like sports very

22、much.The sports camp is my first choice.I like sports very much, so the sports camp is my first choice.The sports camp is my first choice because I like sports very much.小練：3.Exercise is good for health.My father gets up early to do some exercise every day.(合并句子) . . .Exercise is good for health，so

23、my father gets up early to do some exercise every day./My father gets up early to do some exercise every day because exercise is good for health.表示條件或讓步：if、unless、as long as、even if/even though、though/although等。例如：Everyone should protect the environment.The world will be a better place to live in.If

24、 everyone protects the environment, the world will be a better place to live in.I made a big mistake.My teacher didnt punish me and gave me another chance.Though I made a big mistake, my teacher didnt punish me and gave me another chance.小練：4.We dont get enough sleep at night.We wont stay focused on

25、 our study in class.(合并句子) . .If we dont get enough sleep at night，we wont stay focused on our study in class.表示目的或結(jié)果：so.that.、so that等。例如：I hope to be a doctor.I can help sick children.I hope to be a doctor so that I can help sick children.Im shy.Im afraid to speak with strangers.Im so shy that Im

26、afraid to speak with strangers.小練：5.I have to leave before ten oclock.I can catch the last subway. . .I have to leave before ten oclock so that I can catch the last subway.書面表達技能提升(4)高分句式寫作中恰當(dāng)運用固定句式不僅可以避免語法錯誤，還可以使表達更加多樣化，從而使文章更加生動。現(xiàn)把寫作中的常用句式總結(jié)如下，希望同學(xué)們熟記并學(xué)會運用。it代替動詞不定式作形式主語，其常用形式有：1.Itsadj.(for/of sb

27、.) to do sth.，用于此句型的形容詞有kind、polite、easy、difficult、important、necessary等。例如：Its polite of you to thank others for their help and support.It is necessary for us to be active and creative.2.Its(a/anadj.)名詞to do sth.。例如：Its an unusual experience to help take care of children in the childrens home.【仿寫】1.

28、學(xué)習(xí)一些生活技能對青少年來說很重要。 .2.有責(zé)任感是我們的傳統(tǒng)美德之一。 . .Its important for teenagers to learn some life skills.Its one of our traditional virtues to have the sense of responsibility.it代替動詞不定式作形式賓語。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“find/think/believe.itadj.to do sth.”意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/相信做某事”。例如：I find it interesting to study the stars at night.【仿寫】3.如果

29、你是坦誠的，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)和他人交朋友很容易。 . .If you are honest，youll find it easy to make friends with others.“make賓語賓語補足語”，make為使役動詞，賓語補足語可以是形容詞、動詞和名詞等。例如：Taking exercise can make us relaxed when were under pressure.My mother makes it a habit to read books every day.【仿寫】4.這個節(jié)目使我們對傳統(tǒng)文化更感興趣。 .This program makes us more

30、interested in traditional culture.形容詞和副詞的比較等級形式：“as.as.”、“比較級than”、“the比較級，the比較級”、“比較級and比較級”等。例如：People in my hometown are becoming richer and richer.The higher we climb the hill，the farther we can see.【仿寫】5.我們克服的困難越多，就會變得越強大。 .6.隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，智能機器人的應(yīng)用將會越來越廣泛。 . .The more difficulties we overcome，the

31、stronger we will become.With the development of modern technology，smart robots will be used more and more widely.動名詞短語作主語。例如：Working as a volunteer is one of the most amazing experiences in my life.【仿寫】7.參加俱樂部可以使我們的學(xué)校生活更豐富。 .Joining the clubs can make our school life more colorful.靈活改變句子的表達方式，把介詞短語、

32、動詞不定式或副詞等放在句子的開頭。例如：Through social activities, we can learn many things that we cant learn from books.To make friends, above all, we should be friendly to others.【仿寫】8.通過幫助別人，你會變得更快樂。 .Through helping others，you can become happier.書面表達技能提升(5)邏輯連貫行文連貫是衡量書面表達水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對五級寫作的要求是“能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)

33、系”。但是，很多同學(xué)在寫作中卻往往忽視這一點。如何做到行文連貫?zāi)?？我們可以恰?dāng)使用連接詞，使全文條理清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。【技巧點撥】 引出下文：first/firstly、to begin/start with、at first、first of all、above all等。例如： I thought today was going to be really good. To start with, it was sunny, and sunny days always make me happy. I dont agree that animals should live in the zoo

34、. First of all, they have no freedom. 承上描述：second/secondly、third/thirdly、then、next、also、after this、after that、whats more、besides等。例如： Over the lunch, I will listen to his successful story. Then I will ask him what is important to make it happen. To realize our dreams, I have some opinions. Firstly,

35、we must try to work harder from now on and learn as much knowledge as possible. Secondly, we should believe in ourselves because confidence is the key to success. Besides, its also important to find out how successful people do things so that we can learn from them. We can do some sports to make us

36、stronger and healthier. Whats more, we can take an active part in some social activities as volunteers to help those in need. 結(jié)束話題：finally、lastly、last but not least 等。例如： Finally, if we always get on well with each other and keep happy, well enjoy a happy and healthy school life. Last but not least,

37、 I realized the importance of teamwork in basketball games. 總結(jié)話題：in short、in a word、as for me、in my opinion等。例如： In a word, lets take care of our eyes so that we can see our bright future. In short, if we obey the rules and take care of ourselves, we will grow up safely and healthily.【實戰(zhàn)演練】用表示邏輯關(guān)系的連

38、接詞填空。 (一)As students，we can do a lot for waste sorting.1. ，we should learn how to sort the waste.2. ，we can sort the waste by preparing some bins in different colors at home.3. ，its also a good choice to put up posters to call on more people to join us.4. ，even a small action can make a big differen

39、ce to our environment.Lets pull together to start sorting the waste right now!First of allSecondlyLast but not leastIn a word (二)Here are some helpful suggestions for you.1. ，before you do teamwork，all the members can set some team rules together. Everyone should follow the rules and respect each ot

40、her. 2. ，you should talk with your team members in a friendly way.It is rude to talk loudly with others.3. ，you can discuss your problems with your teacher if you cant agree with others.4. ，you should take turns to be the team leader so that everyone has a chance to make the teamwork better. 5. ，eve

41、ryone in the team should be kind，helpful and nice to others.First/FirstlySecond/SecondlyNextFinallyIn my opinion書面表達技能提升(6)巧用諺語，妙筆生花寫作中巧用格言、諺語，可以豐富文章內(nèi)容，增強說服力，為文章增色添彩。一起來看看這些經(jīng)典的格言和諺語吧。1.關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)Reading makes a full man.讀書使人充實。There is no end to learning.學(xué)無止境。A good book is a good friend.好書如摯友。 Doubt is t

42、he key to knowledge.學(xué)貴有疑。Knowledge comes from questioning.知識源于質(zhì)疑。A man becomes learned by asking questions.不恥下問才能有學(xué)問。Knowledge starts with practice.知識來源于實踐。 Never too late to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。You can learn something from anything if you pay attention to it.處處留心皆學(xué)問。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 Every beg

43、inning is difficult.萬事開頭難。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。Actions speak louder than words.行動勝于語言。2.關(guān)于健康Health is better than wealth.健康勝過財富。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一蘋果，醫(yī)生遠離我。A light heart lives long.心情開朗壽命長。Health is happiness.健康就是幸福。Early to bed and early to

44、rise.早睡早起。It is not work that kills, but worry.工作不損壽，憂郁才傷身。3.關(guān)于成功A good beginning makes a good ending./Well begun is half done.好的開端是成功的一半。Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。 No pains, no gains.一分耕耘，一分收獲。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 Never do thing

45、s by halves.辦事切莫半途而廢。Confidence is the first secret of success.自信是成功的首要秘訣。Faith will move mountains.精誠所至，金石為開。Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.世上無難事，只怕有心人。Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今日事，今日畢。No cross, no crown.不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎能見彩虹。 Experience must be bought.吃一塹，長一智。Everyth

46、ing comes to him who wants.功夫不負(fù)有心人。4.關(guān)于時間Time and tide wait for no man.歲月不待人。He that gains time gains all things.贏得時間就贏得一切。 Time is money.時間就是金錢。Lost time is never found again.時間如流水，一去不復(fù)返。Time works wonders.時間創(chuàng)造奇跡。The busiest men find the most time.最忙的人時間最多。Tomorrow never comes.切莫依賴明天。 Time flies.光陰

47、似箭。5.關(guān)于友誼A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。 A friend is a second self.朋友是第二個自我。A friend is easier lost than found.失朋友易，得朋友難。A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生沒有朋友猶如沒有太陽。A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之時方知友。6.關(guān)于合作One tree cant make a forest.獨木不成林。 Union is stren

48、gth.團結(jié)就是力量。Two heads are better than one.三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。 Many hands make light work.眾人拾柴火焰高。7.關(guān)于品質(zhì)Every man has his fault.金無足赤，人無完人。 Teach others by your example.以身作則。He is truly happy who makes others happy.使他人幸福的人，是真正的幸福者。Its better to give than to receive.給予總比接受好。Pride comes before a fall.驕兵必敗。 Hone

49、sty is the best policy.誠實為上策。中考書面表達體裁分類模板一、活動介紹類首段：范例1：I am pleased to know that you are greatly interested in.，so I would like to share a piece of good news that there will be a.Now let me offer you some useful information.范例2：Its my great honor to invite you to enter a.Now，let me offer you some us

50、eful information about it.范例3：Its time for us to say goodbye to our school life soon.Surprisingly there is a/an.prepared for us.Now，let me offer you some information about it.主題段：1.時間地點：It will be held in the classroom at three oclock on the afternoon of June 21th.2.內(nèi)容主題句：There will be various meani

51、ngful activities included in it.要點：First of all，you will be invited to./you will be given a chance to.which will.After that，it will be more than interesting for you to./it will impress you a lot to.so that.At last，doing something will play an important part in.So.尾段： Thats all.I firmly believe that

52、if you join in it，you will. Thats all.I sincerely hope that you can come and share the happiness/fun with us.二、寫人敘事類首段：范例1：朋友A friend in need is a friend indeed.I have a friend just like that who often offers me much warmth in my life.Let me introduce him to you.范例2：父母If you ask me who is the most i

53、mportant one to me.Without doubt the answer is my.Let me introduce him or her to you.范例3：老師 In both my life and study my.teacher is special to me because he is not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character/spread kindness and love to people around him.主題段：1.外

54、貌： .is very beautiful but a little fat with long hair and big eyes.2.性格： .is an outgoing woman who always gets along with people around her.is very kind to others and easy to get on with.is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him.3.愛好：She is especially good at cooking and o

55、ften cooks different delicious food for us.4.具體事例：朋友：Linda is like an angel.Whenever I meet trouble，she will always be there.When I fail my test，she always encourages me to face the fact bravely and then tries to help me to check the reason why I fail.At the same time，she shares her good ways of stu

56、dying with me.媽媽：Last term I failed my exam.I was so sad that I cried in my room.When my mother came from work later，she talked with me patiently and cheered me up.That evening，when I woke up at night，my mother was still working.I was deeply moved.Then I made up my mind to study harder than before.老

57、師：My Chinese teacher，Miss Li，not only teaches us how to learn，but also teaches us how to be a person.I remember I made a serious mistake in Grade Seven that was to copy others homework.Miss Li knew that.Instead of being angry with me，she told me the importance of studying hard to become a talented p

58、erson in the future.尾段：朋友：As a sunshine teenager，Xiao Hui is a good example for us to learn from./I will treasure the friendship forever.父母：Now I understand my fathers /mothers love to me.I will never forget what my father/ mother did for me and try my best to make him/her pleased.老師：He is an excell

59、ent teacher.I will never forget and love him forever.三、咨詢建議類首段：說明寫信目的1.Im sorry to hear that you are difficult in doing.Dont worry about it！ Here are some useful suggestions I would like to share with you.2.I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting your new school.Such problems are quit

60、e normal.Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.3.You have asked me for my advice on how to learn Chinese and I will try to make some suggestions here.4.Im very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life.Here are a few suggestions.主題段：介紹詳情提出具體建議1.主題句