最全介紹英語構(gòu)詞法課件

1、Grammar構(gòu)詞法 (Word Formation)高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! Guess the meaning! How ? When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us,

2、 but the context(上下文，語境) is also very important.How ?1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞 首先要熟悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律, 其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。小結(jié)dis+honest 不誠實的speech+

3、less 說不出話的pick+pocket 扒手How ?構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding) 轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成詞 Compoundpain-killer止痛藥color- blind色盲sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把兩個或兩個以

4、上獨立的詞合成一個新詞。合成詞匯展廳一.合成名詞二.合成動詞三.合成形容詞四.合成副詞五.合成代詞合成名詞 seafood; 名詞代詞名詞greenhouse;形容詞名詞handwriting;名詞+動名詞（V-ing）waiting- room;動名詞+名詞pain-killer名詞+動詞(er/or)pickpocket;動詞+名詞turn-off動詞+副詞output副詞動詞afternoon介詞副詞名詞合成動詞構(gòu)成方式.名詞動詞overcome; 構(gòu)成方式1副詞動詞whitewash構(gòu)成方式形容詞動詞sleep walk;合成形容詞snow-white名詞+形容詞English-spe

5、aking名詞現(xiàn)在分詞man-madehigh-class;形容詞名詞light-blue形容詞形容詞good-looking形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞warm-hearted形容詞名詞+edsecond-hand數(shù)詞名詞hard-working副詞現(xiàn)在分詞well-known副詞過去分詞underground介詞名詞名詞過去分詞合成副詞however; 構(gòu)成方式1副詞副詞anywhere; whatever構(gòu)成方式1代詞副詞downstairs; upstairs構(gòu)成方式3副詞名詞anyway形容詞名詞合成代詞something; everything; nobody; someone; anybody

6、構(gòu)成方式： some/any/no+thing/one/body1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5) They often perform in the streets for the _.6) Im

7、 sure you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1. Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time2. Fill in the blanks with the words above. Never trouble troubl

8、e until trouble troubles you.二、轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tastev.嘗起來n. 味道It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手v.遞送wrong adj.錯誤的n.錯的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book. There is something wrong with the car. He didnt know the difference between right and wrong .cleanadj. 干凈v.清掃Please k

9、eep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞 telephone電話打電話slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下?lián)舻筯and手 交給warm 暖的使溫暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 錄音記錄 empty 空的倒空noble 貴族高貴的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 較好 改善key 鑰匙 關(guān)鍵的name 名字 命名cool 涼爽 使冷face 臉 面對 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名

10、詞一些形容詞前加the后轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞 drink 喝飲料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首領(lǐng)the wounded受傷的人們 study 學(xué)習(xí)書房fit 適合 適合的first 第一的 第一個the blind盲人們look at have a look at wrong 錯誤的 錯 誤the beautiful美麗的東西 轉(zhuǎn)化法例釋說出紅色單詞的詞性1. Jim dreams of being the best football player in England. 2. Please stop here, and it is the bus stop3. The coach

11、was questioning the team members about their practice conditions4. Whos guarding that building? 5. The car slowed down to half its speed6. Dont use too cold water to water flowers7. The old in our village are living a happy life. 派生法 Derivation派生法前綴后綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴其他前綴加前綴： happy - _happy 加后綴：

12、 develop - develop_既加前綴又加后綴： employ -_employ_unmentunment三、派生詞（derivation） 注意:前綴一般只改變詞義,不改變詞類;后綴一般只改變詞類,不引起詞義變化 trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- sub- -port- carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writingMatch the prefix or suffix with the meaning.部分前綴：re-(重新)rewrite, r

13、econsider, reuseminiskirt, minibusmini-(微小)semicircle, semi-finalsemi-(半, 部分)antiwar, anti-Japanese waranti- (阻止, 抗)underground, under-developunder- (在下, 在中)表示時間和其他關(guān)系的前綴前 綴意 義用 法例 詞re-表示：再一次，重新用于動詞及派生名詞名詞、形容詞及其它名詞前(= again)renew,續(xù)借 reborn, rebuild, reappear, retellfore-表示：時間或位置的“在前面”加在動詞或名詞前(= befor

14、e)foresee, foreleg, foretell預(yù)言, foreknow預(yù)卜pre-表示：在前、事先、預(yù)先加在名詞或形容詞前(=before, in front, in advance)prepay, prewar, preschool, prehistorypost-表示：時間和順序的“在后邊”加在名詞或形容詞前(= after, behind)post-war, post-graduatea-表示：在 之上， 向， 在里加在動詞或名詞前，構(gòu)成派生形容詞、副詞或介詞asleep, along, aloud, , alive, acrossco-表示：聯(lián)合、共同加在名詞或動詞前co-w

15、orker, coexistco-own, co-ownerinter-表示:“互相”、“在一起”加在名詞、形容詞前構(gòu)成動詞(= between, among)interchange, internationalmid-表示：中間加在名詞前(= middle)midday, midnightsuper-表示：高級、在之上加在名詞前(= above, over, upon)superpower,超級大國，superstructure上層建筑常見的否定前綴中學(xué)英語課本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，如果能理解這些否定前綴的含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助的。否定前綴加在一個詞的前面就完全改變或否定了這個詞

16、的原來意義。前 綴意 義用 法例 詞un-不，未（= not) 加在形容詞或副詞前unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unusual, , 相反動作加在動詞前uncover, untie, unlock, undressin- ，il-im-，ir-不， 非， 無加在形容詞或其派生的名詞或副詞前 incomplete, impossible. impolite, irregular, inability, dis-表示否定加在名詞或形容詞前dishonour,羞辱 表示相反加在動詞前dislike, disbelieve表示分離剝奪除去加在名詞或動詞前disch

17、arge,排出 dismiss解雇 mis-表示錯、誤加在名詞、動詞或及其派生詞前mistake, misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding誤解試練：合成新詞un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible Guess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very importa

18、nt to learn how to cooperate with others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.進口生命物理合作運輸明星 Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , o

19、vereatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 動詞前綴enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important prefixes: SUFFIX 2) 后綴: (1) 構(gòu)成名詞： (2) 構(gòu)成形容詞: (3) 構(gòu)成

20、動詞:(4) 構(gòu)成副詞:(5) 構(gòu)成數(shù)詞:-er, -ese, -ist, -ian,-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth-al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless-fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize-ly: badly-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty

21、, twelfth表示人和物的名詞后綴后綴意 義 用 法例詞 表示人 -er從事職業(yè)的人，做的人，地方的人加在動詞、名詞、形容詞上teacher, workerlearner, -or 與-er同義外來后綴，加在外來詞上visitor, conductoreducator, translator-eer從事于.的人用于外來詞engineer, volunteermountaineer-ess女.的加于名詞后，表示陰性actress, waitress-ician.(專)家，.工作者加在以-ic結(jié)尾的名詞或形容詞上physician, politicianmusician-ist從事.職業(yè)的人，

22、從事某種.文藝、學(xué)術(shù)的人，.主義者加在名詞上，或 ize 結(jié)尾的動詞上，或以-al結(jié)尾的其它詞上artist, socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示從事某工作的物加在動詞和名詞或復(fù)合詞上washer,洗衣機 -or表示從事某工作的物加在動詞上conductor,導(dǎo)體，用 法例 詞表示“人”，加在動詞上listener, adviser, speaker, writer, driver, teacher, worker, singer, leader, waiter, runner, discoverer, explorer, maker表示“人”，加在名詞上b

23、anker, , officer, lawyer, prisoner, geographer, joker, 表示“人”，加在某些地點名詞或某些形容詞Londoner, New Yorker, villager, Britisher, southerner, foreigner, outsider, stranger表示“人”，加在復(fù)合詞上housekeeper,管家, looker-on,旁觀者 表示“物”，加在動詞上washer, boiler, container, lighter,打火機drawer, 表示“物”，加在名詞上steamer,蒸籠washer, 表示“物”，加在復(fù)合詞上l

24、oudspeaker,既表示 “人”也表示“物”，加在動詞上fighter,戰(zhàn)斗機printer,打印機印刷者 recorder, ruler后綴-er 構(gòu)詞能力抽象名詞和集合名詞的后綴-agemarriage, luggage, postage郵費 -urefailure, temperature, pressure, pleasure, -itymajority, opportunity, -mentargument, statement, achievement, amusement, equipment -ismcommunism, criticism, internationalis

25、m, socialism -anceappearance, entrance, -domkingdom, wisdom, freedom-ydifficulty, discovery, bravery, machinery-alarrival, refusal, disapproval, -nesskindness, illness, brightness, selflessness, correctness-shipcitizenship, friendship, professorship, hardship, comradeship-hoodchildhood, brotherhood,

26、兄弟情誼，-thstrength, growth, length, wealth, truth-erybravery, slavery, chemistry, surgery, machinery后綴為-ion的名詞規(guī) 則例 詞幾乎所有以-ate結(jié)尾的動詞在變?yōu)槊~時首先去掉e再加-cate/education, liberate/liberation, translate/translation,graduate/graduation, separate/separation, operate/operation多數(shù)以-t結(jié)尾的動詞直接在詞尾加-ion,少數(shù)以-te結(jié)尾的動詞首

27、先去掉e再加-ion.act/action, invent/invention, inspect/inspection, elect/election, select/selection, connect/connection, collect/collection, instruct/instruction, devote/devotion, pollute/pollution多數(shù)以-ss結(jié)尾的動詞直接加-ion.discuss/discussion, oppress/oppression, express/expression, possess/possession多數(shù)以-de結(jié)尾與少數(shù)以

28、-d結(jié)尾的動詞先把-de或-d變成-s再加-ion.decide/decision, divide/division, provide/provision, invade/ invasion, expand/expansion, extend/extension以-mit結(jié)尾的動詞，先把t變成-ss,再加-ion.admit/admission, commit/commission,承諾permit/permission, transmit/transmission轉(zhuǎn)交多數(shù)以-fy結(jié)尾的動詞先把y改成i再加-cation,少數(shù)以-efy或-fy結(jié)尾的動詞先去掉y再加-action.satisf

29、y/satisfaction, modify/ modification,修改 有些動詞不是加-ion,而是加-ition, -tion, -ation或-sion而變成名詞，其中有些詞根因讀音關(guān)系而發(fā)生了變化。add/addition, attend/attention, absorb/absorption, describe/ description, produce/production, reduce/reduction, solve/ solution, determine/determination, explain/explanation, found/ foundation,

30、observe/observation, transport/transportation形容詞后綴后綴意 義用 法例 詞-able可/能的加在名詞或及物動詞后valuable, horrible, -al有. 性質(zhì)的加在名詞后natural, technical, actual-ant, -ent.的加在外來動詞詞干上important, pleasant, excellent -ic, -ical.性質(zhì)的，與.有關(guān)的加在外來詞干的名詞上atomic原子, electric,電動 basic基本的 -ish稍帶.的，. 氣的，.民族的，. 語的加在名詞或形容詞上用于民族國家地名之上fever

31、ish, childish, bookish書呆子English, Spanish-ive有.傾向的/性質(zhì)的加在動詞上instructive,教育性 expensive-ful充滿.的， 引起. 的加在名詞或少數(shù)名詞上thankful, powerful, tearful-less無/不.的，不能.的加在名詞或動詞上homeless, harmless, wireless-ous充滿.的，有.特性的加在名詞上dangerous, famous, nervous-y有/多. 的，想.的加在名詞上cloudy, sunny, funny, sleepy-ed有.的， 有.特征的加在名詞或動詞上ti

32、red, interested, learned博學(xué) -en由.構(gòu)(制)成的加在物質(zhì)名詞上wooden, earthen, woolen-ern.方的加在表示方位的名詞上eastern, western, southern -ly有.性質(zhì)的，.形狀的加在名詞或形容詞上yearly, daily, orderly, lively副詞后綴后綴用法及意義例詞-ly加在形容詞之后表示某種狀態(tài)cheerfully, slightly, simply, possibly, excitedly表示某個方面economically, technically表示程度或范圍 completely表示時間recen

33、tly,表示次序firstly, secondly表示方向eastwardly, northwardly-ward-wards加在名詞或副詞后，表示“向.的”forward, backward, upward,downward, toward, northward, afterward 動 詞后 綴意 義用 法例 詞 -ate表示：使成為，成為.， 處理， 使化合見于外來詞，由外來詞根組成，不能活用educate, translate, imitate, calculate, operate, hesitate, -en表示： 變?yōu)?，使為，變?yōu)橛校褂屑釉谛稳菰~上，有時加在名詞上，通常構(gòu)成及物

34、動詞darken, weaken, deepen, sharpen, frighten, strengthen-fy表示：使成為，使.化加在名詞或形容詞上，構(gòu)成及物動詞和少數(shù)不及物動詞beautify, uglify, satisfy, terrify, electrify, purify-ish表示： 使.,令.大多是從法語輸入的詞， 不能構(gòu)成新詞finish, accomplish, punish, publish, astonish-ize-ize表示： 使成，變成，.化加在名詞或形容詞上，構(gòu)成及物動詞或少數(shù)不及物動詞modernize, democratize民主化revolution

35、ize, realize, sympathize3） Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslateI. 構(gòu)詞法專練。給下列單詞加上前綴dis-, un-, in-或im-,

36、構(gòu)成意思相反的詞。1. agree _2. complete _3. healthy _4. important _5. able _6. cover _ 7. known _8. practical _9. tidy _10. perfect _11. visible _ 12. fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover / uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice (II): rain(形容詞) _ agree(反義)_ natio

37、n(形容詞)_ farm(人)_ recent(副詞)_ friend(形容詞)_ hope(形容詞)_ back(形容詞)_ visit(名詞)_ home(形容詞) _ eight(序數(shù)詞)_ true(名詞)_ America(形容詞)_ China(形容詞)_按括號內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese Fill the table with the different forms of the words

38、.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginativeimaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractivelycorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossi

39、blepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduat

40、egraduategraduationn.反義獨立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtit

41、lealwayssidewaysn教育 表達O獨立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學(xué)生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標(biāo)題總是四、縮略法（ Abbreviation ）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebBTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL by the way be right back face to face I see I seek you.我找你 Are you OK? thanks talk to you later1. He was on

42、e of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 構(gòu)詞法精練 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of