2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Not again! This is the third time that I （ ）my keys since I（ ） home this morning.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.am losing / was leavingB.had lost / leftC.lose / had leftD.have lost /left【答案】D【解析】ItThis iswas the first/second. time that.，that

2、從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)前面的is或was來(lái)定，是is時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，was則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。2.單選題Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented

3、, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council

4、reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of pov

5、erty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, o

6、lder Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a l

7、arge company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new gr

8、ound.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans r

9、emark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people

10、find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is

11、 of great value to American society問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.

12、live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to

13、justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible

14、 rejection.”40歲以后，找工作變得更加困難。許多人寧愿待在因?yàn)樽约耗昙o(jì)太大而無(wú)法勝任的工作崗位上，也不愿面對(duì)可能的拒絕。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的話來(lái)說(shuō)，他們擁有“我們無(wú)法利用的隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而來(lái)的智慧”。再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)來(lái)推斷，選項(xiàng)A中的“full use”明顯錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B“年長(zhǎng)者的智慧沒(méi)有被美國(guó)社會(huì)所重視”，符合原文；選項(xiàng)C和D在文中沒(méi)有提及。所以本題選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段，然而，許多老年婦女收入微薄，在退休后面臨貧困的未來(lái)。據(jù)英國(guó)國(guó)家婦女組織一項(xiàng)針對(duì)老年婦女的特別研究的

15、負(fù)責(zé)人Tish Sommers說(shuō)，當(dāng)性別歧視與年齡歧視發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，貧困就不再近在咫尺它正在向貧困逼近。也就是說(shuō)，年長(zhǎng)的女性通常很難擺脫貧困，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”盡管進(jìn)入大公司并晉升的機(jī)會(huì)可能

16、會(huì)減少，但許多老年人開(kāi)始成功的小生意，自愿參加令人滿意的活動(dòng)，并在多年來(lái)都保持著活躍。由此可知，老年人有新的機(jī)會(huì)在社會(huì)上保持活躍，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要表達(dá)的思想是美國(guó)社會(huì)忽略了年長(zhǎng)者的智慧，再根據(jù)最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一個(gè)人在65歲或70歲生日前夕不會(huì)喪失能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，正如一個(gè)人在21歲時(shí)不會(huì)立即長(zhǎng)大一樣。也就是說(shuō)

17、，作者相信老年人的價(jià)值正在獲得越來(lái)越多的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。3.單選題I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes, it is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immed

18、iately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness. I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her

19、hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbo

20、ns and said Beautiful. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those

21、skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her langu

22、age, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over theprice; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted

23、the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the

24、price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind

25、in marketplace, I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are

26、 still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbon

27、s in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace（ ）.

28、2.Which of the following in NOT correct?3.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman （ ）.4.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?5.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but didnot because（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.refused to speak to her.B.was p

29、leasant and attractive.C.was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immediately.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thought that the la

30、st offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.S

31、he was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B.she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D.she had to show in public that she was strong.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段作者的描寫可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的

32、。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的最后三句話“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知選項(xiàng) B、C、D均正確。只有選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last

33、 offer I made.”售貨員很到高興是因?yàn)樽髡咧廊绾斡盟麄儑?guó)家的方式進(jìn)行討價(jià)還價(jià), 所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段“The price was too low.pay her three times as much before.”可知，作者覺(jué)得價(jià)格太低，怕售貨員掙不到錢，所以多買了幾件作為一種補(bǔ)償。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself a

34、gainst what is soft and what should be easy.”我學(xué)會(huì)了在困難面前保護(hù)自己；不知不覺(jué)中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了保護(hù)自己不被溫柔以及容易的東西傷害?？芍髡邲](méi)有哭是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)控制自己的情緒不會(huì)輕易受到影響，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。4.單選題He was meticulous in checking his accounts.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.extremely slowB.incredibly quickC.excessively carefulD.unbelievably care【答案】C【解析】meticulous意為一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。5.

35、單選題The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax （ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency效率，效能，功效；revenue稅收收入，收益；privilege特權(quán)，優(yōu)待；validity有效性，正確性。句意：城市規(guī)劃委員會(huì)表示，他們對(duì)明年的財(cái)政前景持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。他們期望稅收收入增加。選項(xiàng)B符合句意

36、。6.單選題The black clouds of gathering thunderstorm look quite （ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ominousB.negligibleC.overcastD.obscure【答案】A【解析】ominous 預(yù)兆的，不吉利的；negligible 微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast 愁悶的，陰暗的；obscure 昏暗的， 晦澀的，不清楚的。句意：烏云密布的雷暴看起來(lái)很不吉利。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。7.單選題Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked

37、to take a test for alcoholic drinking.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 違反，妨礙，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 擁擠，擁塞。句意：任何因輕微交通違章被警察攔下的司機(jī)都可以被要求做酒精測(cè)試。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。8.單選題It is very strange, but I had an （ ）that the plane would crash.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.inc

38、entive【答案】B【解析】inspiration靈感，鼓舞；intuition直覺(jué)；imagination想象力；incentive動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激。句意：雖然很奇怪，但我有一種飛機(jī)會(huì)墜毀的直覺(jué)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。9.單選題The framework of the special theory of relativity can be constructed from the assumption of absolute invariability of the speed of light.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.argumentationB.hypothesisC.convictionD.definit

39、ion【答案】B【解析】句意：狹義相對(duì)論的框架可以由光速的絕對(duì)不變性的假設(shè)來(lái)構(gòu)建。assumption 假定，設(shè)想；argumentation爭(zhēng)論，論證；hypothesis假設(shè)；conviction 定罪，確信；definition定義，解說(shuō)。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。10.單選題The United States is comprised of 48 contiguous states occupying the midcontinent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of H

40、awaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.jealousB.explosiveC.adjacentD.distant【答案】C【解析】句意：美國(guó)由48個(gè)接壤的州組成，這些州包括大陸中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意為“鄰近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent鄰近的，毗連的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的，冷漠的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。11.單選題The teacher blamed his students for playing pranks in the classroom.問(wèn)題1

41、選項(xiàng)A.tricksB.nudesC.cribsD.quips【答案】A【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks 詭計(jì)，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語(yǔ)，諷刺語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。12.單選題Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.幽默被人很好地解釋為：“帶著認(rèn)真的情緒滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰當(dāng)?shù)亟忉尀椋骸罢J(rèn)真地感覺(jué),不認(rèn)真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地詮釋為：“一面認(rèn)真地感覺(jué)一面滑稽

42、地思考”?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)引語(yǔ)的翻譯，相比較之下，選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。13.單選題George Gallup, Jr ., the man who makes and（ ）his reputation （ ）knowing what Americans think, has brought all his polling strategies together to identify and analyze what he calls future forces.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.challenges.onB.stakes.onC.hazards.toD.bets.to【答案】B

43、【解析】challengeon在方面挑戰(zhàn)；stakeon把賭注押在上面；hazard.to 對(duì)有危險(xiǎn)；bet不與to搭配。句意：George Gallup，Jr .這個(gè)把自己的名譽(yù)押在知曉美國(guó)人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說(shuō)的未來(lái)力量。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。14.單選題In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation.

44、Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified

45、problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the d

46、ecision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.During recent years, decision making has been studied

47、 systematically by drawing from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat ecle

48、ctic).In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reaso

49、nable options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is decision maker who is satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rathe

50、r than continuing the decision making process until the optimal decision has been reached.1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision making process （ ）.2.The phrase “in conjunction with” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by（ ）.3.All of the following ar

51、e listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT（ ）.4.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that rational actor would be least likely to（ ）.5.The word “it” in line 5, Paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.involves only the decision makerB.requires the contemplation of numerous optionsC.is mad

52、e without the decision unitD.does not work in real-life situations問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.along withB.tied toC.apart fromD.connected to問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.evaluation of the problemB.focus on objectivesC.generation of optionsD.open-ended discussions問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.deal with a specific threatB.work in a random fashionC.ponder various optio

53、nsD.consider disadvantages of options問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.each optionB.careful analysisC.the best optionD.variation【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementati

54、on.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的過(guò)程。也就是說(shuō)，需要考慮多種選擇，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process.”組織中所有參與了這個(gè)過(guò)程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測(cè)，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對(duì)一個(gè)身份不明的問(wèn)題做出反應(yīng)，需要通過(guò)研究問(wèn)題，確定組織的目標(biāo)，制定方案，評(píng)估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，包括問(wèn)題本身的性質(zhì)，對(duì)

55、組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動(dòng)態(tài)以及決策者的個(gè)性。選項(xiàng)A屬于評(píng)估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)B屬于確定組織的目標(biāo)；選項(xiàng)D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動(dòng)態(tài)；所以，只有選項(xiàng)C沒(méi)有涉及。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對(duì)來(lái)自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目

56、的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項(xiàng)B。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“the best option after careful analysis”經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析而選擇出的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。15.單選題法律真正的意義, 是要把一個(gè)自由而有理性的人導(dǎo)向正當(dāng)?shù)囊饬x上去, 而不是對(duì)此加以限制的。問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to hi

57、s proper interest.B.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.C.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.【答案】B【解析】本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意義”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C

58、；“真正的”這里用true比較好，real常用來(lái)指比較抽象的事物，所以選項(xiàng)B更準(zhǔn)確。16.單選題The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.trulyB.strangelyC.exceedinglyD.impressively【答案】B【解析】句意：荒地國(guó)家公園是在南達(dá)科塔州建立的，旨在保護(hù)這個(gè)奇特的美麗地區(qū)。weirdly意為“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真實(shí)地；strangely奇妙地，不可思議地；exceedingly

59、非常，極其；impressively令人難忘地。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。17.單選題You can count on what Susan reported just now because she had enough （ ）to tell the truth.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.candleB.cannonC.candorD.canyon【答案】C【解析】candle 蠟燭；cannon 大炮；candor 坦白，直率；canyon 峽谷。句意：你可以相信蘇珊剛才所說(shuō)的話，因?yàn)樗銐蛱拱渍f(shuō)出事實(shí)真相。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。18.單選題In the face of an uncooperative Cong

60、ress, the Chief Executive may find himself （ ）to accomplish the political program to which he is committed.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.neutralB.impotentC.impudentD.pious【答案】B【解析】neutral 中立的；impotent無(wú)力的，無(wú)效的；impudent魯莽的，無(wú)禮的；pious虔誠(chéng)的，盡責(zé)的。句意：面對(duì)不合作的國(guó)會(huì)，行政長(zhǎng)官可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)力完成他所承諾的政治計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。19.單選題The Ford Foundation is one of the w