考研考博-英語-南京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitled“HasTechnologyMadetheWorldaBetterPlacetoLive?“innolessthan300wordsPleasewriteyourcompositionreadableandneatlyontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】略

2.單選題

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda（

）coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

問題1選項

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perpetual意為“永久地”；permanent意為“永恒的，不變的”；chronic意為“慢性的”；sustained意為“持久的，持續(xù)的”。

句意：這位老太太得了一種慢性咳嗽，不能在短時間內徹底治愈。

3.單選題

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

NeartheturnofUrncentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHiringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspaintasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem:Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but.ratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationformthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoonOtherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,postureandpressureapparentlymayarisethroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitation:itisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts,Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtolimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

Upuntil1950,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith（

）.

Theauthormentions"commoncurrency"primarilyinordertoemphasizethe

（

）.

Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisreinforcedbythedepictionoftheexperimentinlines17-20?

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation.

問題1選項

A.vexation

B.irritability

C.discouragement

D.neutrality

問題2選項

A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings

B.similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists

C.similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings

D.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem

問題3選項

A.Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated.

B.Qualitativediversityinnervepotentialscannowbestudiedmoreaccurately.

C.Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce.

D.Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions.

問題4選項

A.Nervecells.

B.Nerveimpulses.

C.Corticalareas.

D.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.”“至l1950年，有關大腦神經活動和祌經感覺之間聯(lián)系的研究結果是令人沮喪的”中的discouraging確定C選項“挫折，沮喪”正確；

推理判斷題。題目中的“commoncurrency”出現(xiàn)在第二段第四句“...thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem”，與句子中的homogeneous意思相似，A選項的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses是nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同義轉述，所以符合題意。

細節(jié)事實題。文章第17-20行所述實驗為電刺激作用于有意識的人體大腦皮層的某一特定感覺區(qū)域實驗，而這一實驗所支持的理論需向前追溯，即“...itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.”“不是由感覺神經脈沖的質量來決定他們產生的各種神經感覺的，而是由他們被發(fā)射到大腦的哪一部位來決定的，對于這一觀點是有證據(jù)的”，由此可知實驗所支持的理論為A選項“由感覺神經脈沖產生的認知是由被刺激的大腦部位決定的”。

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“...thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem”可知質量變化最小的是nerveimpulses,即B選項。

4.單選題

Economicliberalismwastheprevailingeconomicphilosophyinmuchofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,andtheU.S.economydevelopedwithinitsframework.Economicliberalismpromotedfreedomofactionfortheindividualandthefirmthroughthedoctrinesoffreetrade,self-interest,privateproperty,laissez-faire,andcompetition.

Accordingtothisphilosophy,individualswerefreetoseektheirownoccupations,toenteranybusiness,andtoactastheysawfittoimprovetheireconomicwelfare.Economicsocietywasheldtogetherbyself-interest.Self-interestwasthusthemotivatingforceoftheeconomy.Forexample,toincreasepersonaleconomicwelfare,anindividualmightdecidetoproducegoodsandsellthemforprofit.Butinsodoing,thatindividualautomaticallybenefitedthecommunityaswell—bypurchasingrawmaterials,providingemployment,andsupplyinggoodsorservices.Aworkerseekingincreasehisorherwagescoulddosobyincreasingproductivity.This,too,benefitedtheemployerandthecommunityingeneral.AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethewelfareofthewholecommunity.

Competitionwastheregulationoftheeconomyundereconomicliberalism.Businesscompetedwithoneanotherforconsumertradebydevelopingnewandbetterproductsandbysellingexistingproductsatlowerprices.Freeentryintothemarketensuredadequatecompetition,andpricesweredeterminedbythefreeforcesofsupplyanddemand.Competitiveforeseesdeterminednotonlythepricesofgoodsandservicesbustalsowagerates.

Sinceabeneficialself-interestwasthemotivatinganddrivingforceoftheeconomyandsincecompetitionwastoserveastheregulatoroftheeconomy,apolicyoflaissez-faireprevailed.Accordingtothispolicy,thegovernmentkeptitshandsofftheeconomicactivitiesofindividualsandbusinesses.Itseconomicrollswerestrictlytoprotectprivateproperty,toenforcecontracts,andtoactasajudgeineconomicdisputes.

1.Concerning“economicliberalism”,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtothepassage,peopleexchangegoodsandservicesinorderto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationforAdamSmith’stheory?

4.Competitiveforceshavethefollowingfunctionsexcept（）.

5.Accordingtothepolicyoflaissez-faire,thegovernmentshould（）.

問題1選項

A.Itwasaninfluentialphilosophyinthe19thand20thcenturies.

B.ThedevelopmentoftheU.S.asanationowesmuchtothisphilosophy.

C.Itisaboutthefreedomofactioninthefieldofeconomic.

D.Itisaboutthedoctrinesofprivate-sectoreconomy.

問題2選項

A.satisfytheneedsofotherpeople

B.satisfytheirownneeds

C.formasociety

D.promotedivisionoflabor

問題3選項

A.Individualsarekeenontheirowninterest

B.Intheirsub-consciousness,peoplewishtoservethecommunity

C.Inpursingtheirself-interest,individualsbringbenefitstosociety.

D.Theindividuals’economicbehaviorisregulatedbysomeinvisiblebeing.

問題4選項

A.forcingthebusinessestodevelopnewandbetterproducts

B.givingeveryindividualafairchanceofabetterjob

C.tohelpdeterminetheprocessofgoodsandservices

D.tohelpregulatethewagesofpeopleemployed

問題5選項

A.frequentlyintervenethemarket

B.strictlyregulatethemarket

C.giventhemarketmuchfreedom

D.intervenethemarketonlywhenitlikes

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內容可知,選項A表述不準確,應該是19世紀以及20世紀初期；選項B“owesmuchtothisphilosophy”在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Economicliberalismpromotedfreedomofactionfortheindividualandthefirm...”可知選項C正確,選項D錯誤。經濟自由主義是關于經濟領域行動自由的討論,而不是關于私營經濟的理論。所以本題選C。

2.根據(jù)第二段第四句“..toincreasepersonaleconomicwelfare,anindividualmightdecidetoproducegoodsandsellthemforprofit.”可知,人們交換商品和服務是為了滿足個人需求。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethewelfareofthewholecommunity.”根據(jù)AdamSmith的觀點,個人在追求自身利益時,被一只看不見的手牽著,以促進整個社會的福利。也就是說,在追求自身利益的過程中,個人給社會帶來了利益。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的內容可知,競爭可以促使公司開發(fā)新產品,決定商品的價格和服務,甚至還會影響工資比率。選項A,C,D均有提及,只有選項B沒有提及。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Accordingtothispolicy,thegovernmentkeptitshandsofftheeconomicactivitiesofindividualsandbusinesses.”根據(jù)這項政策,政府不干涉?zhèn)€人和企業(yè)的經濟活動。選項C符合原文。

5.單選題

Theygaveeachotheragoldringtosymbolizetheirmarriage______.

問題1選項

A.approval

B.commitment

C.consent

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approval“批準（計劃、要求等）”；B選項commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項consent“（正式）贊同；批文”；D選項obligation“（已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務，責任”。句意：他們互贈金戒指象征他們婚姻的______。B選項commitment“承諾；保證”在這里比較符合語境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承諾，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

問題1選項

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

問題2選項

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

問題3選項

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

問題4選項

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

問題5選項

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知維他命A有利于眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝臟和黃油中。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知維C對骨骼和牙齒有好處，存在于西紅柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D兩項。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”維生素B1有利于神經和消化系統(tǒng)，所以排除D選項。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”?？芍S他命是一組存在于食物中的物質。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人體只需要少量的維生素。選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知當多余的維生素被攝入時，人體會排除它們。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thetopexecutiveswereaccusedoftellinghalf-truthsandeven（）liesaboutthecompany’sfinancialconditions.

問題1選項

A.down-to-earth

B.upright

C.downright

D.actual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。down-to-earth“切合實際的，現(xiàn)實的”；upright“正直的；誠實的”；downright“明白的；直率的”；actual“真實的，實際的”。句意：高管層被控告在關于公司財政狀況上說半真半假的話，甚至完全在說謊。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

問題1選項

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous

問題2選項

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

問題3選項

A.theythinkofitasimmoral

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

問題4選項

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正確看待雄心壯志，那么它所帶來的健康、名望和對自己命運所帶來的回報，就必須被認為是值得曾經的付出的?？膳袛喑霰ж撝挥性诨貓蠛芎玫匮a償了付出的時候，才得以正確看待。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.”，可知作者打了個比方，這種做法帶有濃重的虛偽色彩，就像在馬兒逃跑后關上門，而受過良好教育的人卻偷偷將馬騎出去。用來比喻在實現(xiàn)抱負之后卻否認隱藏自己的雄心壯志。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.”，可知現(xiàn)在的情況是，人們不能像以前那樣輕易、公開地承認自己的夢想，以免被認為是將近的、貪婪的和庸俗的?？膳袛喑鲇行┤瞬还_承認他們有野心，是因為他們不想顯得貪婪和可鄙。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.”，可知左派是憤怒的批評者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中間派則像往常一樣，是大多數(shù)認真的人，努力在生活中出人頭地。可推斷出作者認為我們不應該暗地批評，也不能愚昧地支持，而是應該以公開熱情的態(tài)度對待抱負。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

HehasbeenplowingthroughabiographyofLyndonJohnsonanda（

）ofHenryKissinger.

問題1選項

A.dissection

B.dissertation

C.necessity

D.casualty

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項dissection“解剖，仔細分析，詳細評論”；B選項dissertation“專題論文，學位論文”；C選項necessity“必然，必要”；D選項casualty“（戰(zhàn)爭或事故的）傷員，亡者”。plowthrough表示“艱難地完成”，“abiography（傳記）ofLyndonJohnsonanda______ofHenryKissinger”為兩個并列賓語，因此空格處應與biography相關的詞語，結合句意選A。句意：他一直艱難地完成LyndonJohnson的傳記和HenryKissinger的詳細評論。

10.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意：教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關系代詞which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

ActressAmandaByneswasconvictedof（）drivinginApril2012whenshecrashedintoanL.A.Countysheriffsdeputy'scruiser.

問題1選項

A.legitimate

B.juvenile

C.reckless

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項legitimate表示“合法的，正當?shù)摹?；B選項juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C選項reckless表示“魯莽的，不顧后果的”；D選項redundant表示“多余的，過剩的，失業(yè)的”。beconvictedof…表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知這位女演員因為非法駕駛而被判有罪，因此只有C選項詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為C選項。

12.單選題

Itistimethattheworldcalleda（）tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:interruption“中斷；打斷”；B:pause“暫?！?；C:cease“終止”；D:halt“停止；阻止（停止某項事情的進展）”。句意：現(xiàn)在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的時刻。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

13.單選題

Hewould,wheninoffice,（）thatallsecretdatabemadepublic.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.certify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。secure“保護;弄到”；ensure“確保;保證”；assure“使（某人）確信（某事）；使信服，使相信”；certify“證明”。只有B項符合題意。句意：當他執(zhí)政時，他會確保所有機密數(shù)據(jù)都要公布于眾。

14.單選題

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

問題1選項

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated評估，估價；converted轉變，改變；fluctuated波動；modified修改。句意：當?shù)厝税l(fā)現(xiàn)蔬菜的價格不再隨天氣而波動，感到非常高興和驚訝。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】動詞辨析題。A選項initiate“開始、發(fā)起”；B選項designate“指定、指派”；C選項induce“引誘、說服”；D選項promote“促進、提高”。由關鍵詞“government”和“publicdebate公開辯論”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思為“發(fā)起”，句意為：1987年11月，政府就官方體育方針政策的未來走向發(fā)起了一場公開辯論。故正確答案選A。

16.單選題

By1900,manymunicipalitieshadbeguntorestricttheuseofautomobilesinordertoensurepedestriansafety.

問題1選項

A.amplify

B.standardize

C.limit

D.prohibit

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.amplify擴大B.standardize使標準化

C.limit限制D.prohibit禁止

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞部分語義為“____汽車的使用，以確保行人的安全”，原詞restrict“限制”，C選項limit“限制”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項amplify“擴大”，不符合原句語義；

B選項standardize“使標準化”，不符合原句語義；

D選項prohibit“禁止”，指完全不讓使用，不符合原句語義。

【句意】到1900年，許多城市開始限制汽車的使用，以確保行人的安全。

17.單選題

Ifyoudon’tmind,I______listentopopsongsthantojazz.

問題1選項

A.wouldrather

B.wouldprefer

C.wouldlike

D.feellike

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項wouldrather“寧愿”，B項wouldprefer“寧愿，更喜歡”，C項wouldlike“愿意，想要”，D項feellike“想做某事”。根據(jù)句子可知，wouldratherdothando固定搭配，表示“寧愿干……而不愿……”。句意：如果你不介意的話，我寧愿聽流行歌曲而不愿聽爵士樂。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

18.單選題

Afterafewdays,exhaustion______andtheclimberswereforcedtogiveuptheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

問題1選項

A.setoff

B.setin

C.setto

D.setout

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。setoff“出發(fā)”；setin“開始，流行”；setto“開始認真干”；setout“開始，成列”。句意：幾天后，疲憊漸漸襲來，爬山者被迫放棄爬到山頂?shù)膰L試。選項B符合題意。

19.翻譯題

Ashighereducationhasexpanded,ithasbecomeincreasinglyobviousthatnotalluniversitiesandnotalldegreesareequal:andnowthatstudentsarepayingfortheireducationtheyarebeginningtobehavemorelikeconsumers.Atsomeuniversitiestheyaredemandingmorefortheirmoney-morehoursoftuition,harderassignments.Manyalsoseemlikelytochoosecourseswiththelargestpossiblefutureearningspotential.

InthepastauniversitydegreeinBritainpromisedabiggerincomepremiumthaninmostotherOECDcountries.

Nowthatitsscarcityvaluehasgone,saysAnnaVlenolesofLondonUniversity’sInstituteofEducation,initialaveragereturnstodegreesareverysmall.Butthosewhostudy“hard”subjectssuchasaccountancy,law,medicine,engineeringormathcontinuetoenjoyapremium.Thatmaystartaswingbacktothosesubjects.Asimilarinvisiblehandmayalsoworkinthemarketforvocationalqualifications.Untilnow,mostofthesehaveattractedlittleinthewayofextrapay,andsomehaveactivelyputoffpotentialemployers:theInstituteforFiscalStudies,athink-tank,calculatesthatlow-levelvocationalqualificationsactuallyinflictapaycutof5-20%ontheirholders,whoarelabeledasdummies.

Asthefinancialvalueofsomeuniversitydegreessinkstowardszero,trainingasaplumberoranengineerwilllookmoreattractive.Andsuchjobscannoteasilybetransferredabroad.

BritainunlikeGermanv,hasneverhadacoherentsystemofvocationaleducation,despiteallthetalkabouttheimportanceofskillsandhumancapital.Criticssaythatnewpaperqualificationshaveraisedyoungpeople’shopes,buthavenotledeithertouniversityortoajob.ThatisparticularlytrueamongsomeofBritain’sethnicminorities.

【答案】隨著高等教育的擴招，越來越明顯的是，并不是所有的大學，或所有的學位都是等同的：由于學生要為他們所接受的教育付費，他們開始變得更像顧客了。

過去，英國的大學學位比其他大多數(shù)經濟合作與發(fā)展組織國家的學位能獲得更多的薪金收入。

而現(xiàn)在，它的稀缺價值不復存在，倫敦大學教育學院的安娜?維格諾爾說，像最初的那種學位平均回報己經很小了。

隨著一些大學學位的經濟價值幾乎歸零，作為管道工或工程師的職業(yè)培訓看起來會更有吸引力。

與德國不同，英國從來就沒有形成系統(tǒng)的職業(yè)教育體系，盡管大家都在談論技能和人力資本的重要性。

20.單選題

Proteinsarecomposedofmorethantwentyaminoacidsthatareliberatedduringdigestion.

問題1選項

A.congregated

B.multiplied

C.freed

D.conscripted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干liberated“解放”。A項“聚集，集合”，B項“成倍增加；繁殖”，C項“解放，使自由”，D項“征募；征召”。因此選C。句意：蛋白質由二十多種在消化過程中釋放的氨基酸組成。

21.不定項選擇題

Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.

Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceoffrictionresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewholemobilityisdisorganizing.

Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility:movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial,vertical,andideationalmobility.

Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Italsomeansthatwhenindividualfamilymembersorthefamilyasawholemoveawayfromacommunity,thepersonorthefamilyisremovedfromthepressuresofrelatives,friends,andcommunityinstitutionsandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.

Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.

Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweenracialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacenttoeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparat