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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Personneldepartmenttakeschargeofdecidingwhoshouldbe()ourParisbranch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transplanted

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。transplant“移植”;transmit“傳輸”;transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓、移交”;transport“運(yùn)輸”。本句意為“人事部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)決定誰(shuí)被調(diào)到巴黎分公司去”,此句提到人事部門(mén),所以有關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)接,因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.填空題

The(1)betweenBeijingandTianjinisabout120kilometers.On(2),theintercityhigh-speedtrain(3)30minutestotransportpassengersfromonecitytotheother.Urbangeographerspredictthatthetwocitieswill(4)growtogethertoformonehugemetropolis.

【答案】distance;average;needs;soon;gradually

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:北京和天津的距離是120公里。因此第一空填distance。

2.固定搭配。onaverage平均,大體。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:一般來(lái)說(shuō),城際高速列車(chē)需要(花費(fèi))30分鐘時(shí)間將乘客從一個(gè)城市運(yùn)到另一個(gè)城市。第三空需要填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示“花費(fèi),需要”。

4.語(yǔ)義題。此空后面有動(dòng)詞grow,因此此空為一個(gè)副詞修飾grow,gradually符合句意。

3.單選題

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated()thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。assumption"假定,設(shè)想";supposition"猜測(cè),推測(cè)";affirmation"斷言,認(rèn)定";confirmation"證實(shí),確認(rèn)"。句意:盡管他一再申明那天晚上他不在謀殺現(xiàn)場(chǎng),他們對(duì)他還是置之不理。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun()250dollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ashighas/to都意為“高達(dá)”,但是后面明確接的是高達(dá)的數(shù)字時(shí),用to。as雖然也是高達(dá),但是用在兩者作為比較的時(shí)候用的,如Tomisashighashissister.句意:那家商店的自行車(chē)價(jià)格高達(dá)250美元。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.

NowCasparisatOxford,whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,"usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn'titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?“Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.But,thefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

1.WhatistrueaboutCaspar?

2.CasparsucceededinapplyingforadmissiontoOxfordbecause(

).

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsshowsEdwarddeBono’sview,accordingtoparagraph3?

4.Lateralthinkinginvolvesallthefollowingexcept(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HeisEdward'sson.

B.Heisanadventurousthinker.

C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D.hereadthebook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,beforetheexam

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoreachchildrentothink.

C.Thinkingissomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

D.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

B.followingalogicsequencewhilethinking

C.seeingtheimplicationofwhatyouaresaying

D.knowingtheimpliedmeaningofusingthealternatives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題詢(xún)問(wèn)關(guān)于Caspar哪個(gè)說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)意為“他是愛(ài)德華的兒子”;B選項(xiàng)意為“他是一個(gè)開(kāi)拓型思維的人”;C選項(xiàng)意為“他首次描繪了水平思考法”;D選項(xiàng)意為“他經(jīng)常受到他的老師的叱責(zé)”。根據(jù)原文“Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar'sparentsworriedthat...1967年,愛(ài)德華?德?波諾(EdwarddeBono)首次描述了橫向思維(以迂回的方式思考),他只比愛(ài)德華的兒子大幾歲。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為卡斯帕從小就被培養(yǎng)成一個(gè)敢于冒險(xiǎn)的思想家,但德博諾這個(gè)名字太有名了,卡斯帕的父母擔(dān)心……”可知Caspar是Edward的兒子這一點(diǎn)是正確的,A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢(xún)問(wèn)Caspar申請(qǐng)牛津大學(xué)成功的原因。A選項(xiàng)意為“他仔細(xì)認(rèn)真并且經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)刻苦過(guò)度”;B選項(xiàng)意為“他所有的老師都認(rèn)為他能考上”;C選項(xiàng)意為“他在考試中運(yùn)用了他父親提供的技巧”;D選項(xiàng)意為“他在考試之前閱讀了《教會(huì)孩子如何思維》這本書(shū)。根據(jù)原文“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.然后我們進(jìn)行了幾次思考,”他的父親說(shuō),“用我的技巧,當(dāng)他去參加考試時(shí),他做得非常好。”可知是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)用了他父親教的方法所以Caspar成功申請(qǐng)到牛津大學(xué),C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢(xún)問(wèn)根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容,下列選項(xiàng)能夠表達(dá)EdwarddeBono的觀點(diǎn)的陳述是哪一個(gè)。A選項(xiàng)意為“人人都知道孩子的思維是不太有邏輯的”;B選項(xiàng)意為“試圖教會(huì)孩子思考是一場(chǎng)艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗”;C選項(xiàng)意為“根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn),人們認(rèn)為思維要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行”;D選項(xiàng)意為“我們經(jīng)常無(wú)法有效地思考是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇斑^(guò)于狹隘”。根據(jù)原文“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives我們常常思考效率低下,因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇疤邢?。“教你的孩子如何思考可以提高他們的感知能力,讓他們清楚地看到你所說(shuō)的東西的含義,并探索其他選擇……可可知Edward認(rèn)為我們經(jīng)常無(wú)法有效地思考是因?yàn)槲覀兲拗屏俗约旱囊曇?,D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢(xún)問(wèn)水平思考法不包括下列哪一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)意為“改善一個(gè)人的思維感知”;B選項(xiàng)意為“按照一定的邏輯順序思考”;C選項(xiàng)意為“明白你所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的含義”;D選項(xiàng)意為“明白使用其他替換對(duì)象的隱含意義”。根據(jù)原文YourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.我們的孩子如何思考提供了認(rèn)知改善的課程,清楚地看到你所說(shuō)的東西的含義,并探索其他選擇。”可知水平思考法包括了其他三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Incomparisonwiththehumanworldofpasttimes,ourworldishighlycomplex.Becauseofitshighlydevelopedcommunications,eventsineverypartoftheglobeandofhumansocietyarecloselyinterconnected.Therearenoisolateddisastersandthereisnoprogressthatdoesnothelptheprogressofall.

Thissituationisreflectedinthemindsofmen.Thecontentsofmen'smindshavealsobecomeworldwideinscopeandcomplexity.Itisnotenoughforaman,seekingthewelfareofhisownpeopleandcountry,toconsiderhisdomesticsituationinrelationtohisimmediateneighbors.Worldtrendsencompasseveryoneofus,anditisbyparticipatinginthemandcontributinginthemthatweinfluenceourownfuture.Thehighesttaskbeforemen'smindstodayistounderstand,tofightagainsttheforcesofregressionanddeath,tostrengthenandconvertintorealitythepossibilitywhichourworldoffers,asnopreviousworldhasoffered,forafullerlifeforallmen.

【答案】和過(guò)去的人類(lèi)世界相比,我們今天的世界太復(fù)雜了。由于通訊高度發(fā)達(dá),地球上每一個(gè)角落和人類(lèi)社會(huì)的各個(gè)部分發(fā)生的事情都緊密相連。沒(méi)有與世隔絕的荒原,也沒(méi)有哪一項(xiàng)進(jìn)步不有益于全世界的進(jìn)步。

這種情況反應(yīng)到人的頭腦中。人們思維的內(nèi)容就其視野及復(fù)雜性來(lái)說(shuō)也涉及世界范圍。對(duì)于為自己的人民和國(guó)家謀福利的人來(lái)說(shuō),只把本國(guó)情況對(duì)照四周的近鄰加以考慮是不夠的。世界的潮流席卷著我們當(dāng)中的每一個(gè)人,參加到這個(gè)潮流中并為之出一份力量,我們正是以這樣的方式影響著我們自己的未來(lái)。人們思維所面臨的最崇高任務(wù),是以認(rèn)識(shí)退化和死亡并與之斗爭(zhēng),加強(qiáng)以前世界未能提供、而我們今天的世界提供了的可能性并使之變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí),以使所有人的生活內(nèi)容更加豐富。

7.單選題

Thesenatorscametoadeadlockintheirefforttofindasolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.animpasse

B.araid

C.ahamlet

D.abreakthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。deadlock表示“僵局,停頓”;A項(xiàng)impasse“僵局,死路”,B項(xiàng)raid“襲擊,突襲”,C項(xiàng)hamlet“小村莊”,D項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破,突破性進(jìn)展”。句意:參議員們?cè)趯で蠼鉀Q辦法的努力中陷入了僵局。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thesepollutantscanbe(

)hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveyed

B.conjectured

C.conjured

D.conserved

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convey“傳播,輸送”;conjecture“推測(cè)”;conjure“用魔法變出,想象”;conserve“保全,保護(hù)”。句意為:這些污染物會(huì)因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大的氣團(tuán)而被傳播至百里,甚至千里之外。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.torrent

B.transient

C.tensile

D.textured

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。torrent急流,激流;transient短暫的;tensile可伸長(zhǎng)的,可拉長(zhǎng)的;textured起紋理的,質(zhì)地不平的。能與feelingofdepression搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。句意:她很悲傷,但是她相信這種悲傷的感覺(jué)只是短暫的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward()visitingyourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待,盼望”,句意:他非常期待訪問(wèn)貴國(guó)。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen().

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit().

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致?

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛(ài)斯基摩人并不總是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是,與其他時(shí)候相比,人們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锔鼉A向于待在室內(nèi),這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”,可知,這里是對(duì)冬天更容易感冒的解釋?zhuān)⒉皇钦f(shuō)人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi),故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合,但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“愛(ài)斯基摩人并不總是感冒”,根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的,那么愛(ài)斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此?!笨芍忻安⒉皇呛湟鸬?,所以愛(ài)斯基摩人不會(huì)總是感冒,該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”,根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論(fallacy)是感冒是由寒冷引起的”,從fallacy(謬論)可知,感冒并不是由寒冷引起的,該項(xiàng)也符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”,根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知,該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______,北極探險(xiǎn)家可能會(huì)感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫(xiě)報(bào)告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開(kāi)始與外界接觸

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū),探險(xiǎn)家們報(bào)告說(shuō),在通過(guò)從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前,他們沒(méi)有感冒”,從中可知,探險(xiǎn)家們?cè)诮佑|外界之前沒(méi)有感冒,這也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)他們接觸外界時(shí),他們可能會(huì)感冒,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫(xiě)報(bào)告”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù),屬于無(wú)中生有;

C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”,根據(jù)原文可知,北極探險(xiǎn)家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒(méi)感冒,而是沒(méi)有接觸帶有病毒的感染者,該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來(lái)不感冒

C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.總是感冒

D.becameverystrongD.非常強(qiáng)壯

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英國(guó)的普通感冒研究中心,志愿者們參加了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),他們讓自己長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于寒冷潮濕的不適狀態(tài)”,從中可知,在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者深受寒冷之苦,A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“從來(lái)不感冒”、C項(xiàng)“總是感冒”和D項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)壯”在原文沒(méi)有體現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.這篇文章主要是討論______。

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)

B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人們感冒的原因

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知,第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的,而是由病毒引起,隨后用了幾個(gè)例子證明第一段開(kāi)頭提出的論點(diǎn),所以本文主要討論感冒的原因以及人們患上感冒的方式,C選項(xiàng)“人們感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、B項(xiàng)“普通感冒的病毒”和D項(xiàng)“普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延”只是文中提到的觀點(diǎn),不是主旨思想,屬于以偏概全。

12.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong()thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)omitted“遺漏,省略”;B選項(xiàng)missed“錯(cuò)過(guò),投偏”;C選項(xiàng)neglected“忽視,疏忽”;D選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”。句意:長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被忽視的殘疾人旅行的樂(lè)趣正在向任何有辦法的人開(kāi)放。這里表示的是“之前殘疾人士的旅行樂(lè)趣被忽視了”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitive(認(rèn)知的)aging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.

AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofare(過(guò)活)betterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelps,too,researcherssay,perhapsbecauseitinstille(灌輸)theconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaieWillisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychological(神經(jīng)心理學(xué)的)terms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorials(輔導(dǎo)課)oninductivereasoningorspatial(空間的)skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslaterwhentheywerere-tested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohone(磨練)visual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

16.Inthispassage,theauthormainlydiscusses.

17.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(Paragraph1)refersto.

18.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

19.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

20.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalstimulation

D.intellectualfunction

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardsofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalaginghasstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步,定位首尾核心句,第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對(duì)于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老存在分歧,但有一些證據(jù)表明,保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步,行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu),先提出保持思維活躍能夠減緩智力的衰退,接下來(lái)是講研究人員尋找到的保持智力活躍的方法,最后講到年齡帶來(lái)的不只是衰老還有智慧,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“保持智力活力的有效方法”。

A選項(xiàng)“心理刺激在預(yù)防心理衰老中的作用”,心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下,不是文章主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),心智能力逐漸喪失”,這是最后一段的內(nèi)容,不是文章主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“心理功能和空間技能之間的關(guān)系”,這只是文章第五段的內(nèi)容,不是文章主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題。第一步句中信息,定位到文章第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對(duì)于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老持反對(duì)態(tài)度,但有一些證據(jù)表明,保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步,上下文語(yǔ)義銜接,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞but可知兩個(gè)句子之間是存在著一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,前句說(shuō)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)某些事不用就會(huì)被丟到,這種觀點(diǎn)研究人員持反對(duì)態(tài)度,后句是說(shuō)保持思維活躍可以減緩衰退。從這里可知it指代之物是與mentally相應(yīng)的,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“智力”。

B選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知發(fā)展”,我們能夠使用或者失去的不可能是某種事物的發(fā)展,所以答案不能選B,這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項(xiàng)“精神刺激”,理由同B選項(xiàng)。

D選項(xiàng)“智力功能”,文章句子定位到第一段但是D選項(xiàng)是出現(xiàn)在第二段,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段第二句Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.“他們發(fā)現(xiàn),那些幸運(yùn)地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表現(xiàn)得更好,這可能是因?yàn)槁约膊?huì)限制生活方式,使精神狀況更差,也可能是因?yàn)榻疱X(qián)可以買(mǎi)到刺激智力的東西,比如旅行”,第三段第一句Educationhelps,too…“教育也有助于……”,第二步綜合理解,能夠經(jīng)常旅游的人說(shuō)明生活水平是很不錯(cuò)的,由此可知教育、慢性疾病、生活水平都能夠影響認(rèn)知衰老,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”。

A選項(xiàng)“教育”,B選項(xiàng)“慢性疾病”,C選項(xiàng)“生活水平”,選任何一項(xiàng)都會(huì)犯以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)信息,定位到文章第六段最后一句話…simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.“僅僅是在家和那些在電視里玩游戲的人比拼智慧”,第二步,綜合理解,玩游戲這里可以算是一種運(yùn)動(dòng),所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)聯(lián)系”,文章沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格的日常工作”,定位到文章第四段第一二句Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”靈活性計(jì)數(shù)。保持精神活力的人通常不會(huì)堅(jiān)持“他們今天必須像以前一樣做事”,由這里可知死板的日常工作非但不會(huì)阻止智力衰退反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致智力衰退。

D選項(xiàng)“健康的飲食”,文章沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第五段第二句WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.“當(dāng)威利斯給大約200名技能在過(guò)去14年中有所下降的人提供5小時(shí)的歸納推理或空間技能輔導(dǎo)時(shí),40%的人恢復(fù)了失去的能力。”,從這里可知推理歸納和空間技能屬于智力技能,不屬于智慧的范疇,所以C選項(xiàng)“智慧的重要性高于智力技能,如歸納推理和空間技能”錯(cuò)誤,這里屬于張冠李戴。

A選項(xiàng)“智慧可以被認(rèn)為是一種特殊形式的能力和伴隨著生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)而來(lái)的知識(shí)的完全發(fā)展”選項(xiàng)是最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),你可能會(huì)失去一些心智技能,但你也會(huì)在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升:智慧”的同義替代。

B選項(xiàng)“即使智力老化的過(guò)程已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,智慧仍然可能增長(zhǎng)”定位到最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),你可能會(huì)失去一些心智技能,但你也會(huì)在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升:智慧”,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

D選項(xiàng)“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”,定位到最后一段第三句Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continues…“智慧的增長(zhǎng)——寬泛地定義為伴隨生活經(jīng)歷而來(lái)的智力能力的成熟——仍在繼續(xù)……”從這里可知智慧是智力能力的成熟,智力和大腦有關(guān),所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“l(fā)osingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais(

).

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

).

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年來(lái)是法國(guó)的絲綢業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)中心,選項(xiàng)B和C是關(guān)于意大利的,可以排除;文章第一段里面Ratti對(duì)員工說(shuō),“希望我們不要成為像里昂那樣又胖又懶”,可知他本身也是法國(guó)紡織工業(yè)的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.slip出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第一句話:Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years,主要講述了里昂作為法國(guó)紡織業(yè)中心的興衰,renewedvigor“新的活力”,可以推斷在注入新的活力之前是經(jīng)過(guò)了下滑,因此slip在這里的意思是“下滑”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司試圖通過(guò)奢侈品和高端的時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品重新占據(jù)市場(chǎng),由此可以推斷出法國(guó)紡織業(yè)公司通過(guò)生產(chǎn)圍巾等來(lái)重新占據(jù)市場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到價(jià)格、多樣性以及獨(dú)特性對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)都很重要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.題目的要求是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文章中沒(méi)有直接講述,但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通過(guò)價(jià)格低質(zhì)量高的商品來(lái)發(fā)展市場(chǎng),這些商品與之前中意合資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的商品不同,由此可以推測(cè)大批量的商品正在逐漸失去市場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Ateamofresearchers()theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.address

B.interact

C.wonder

D.react

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。address“處理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反應(yīng)”。句意:一組研究人員把這種疾病和被污染的牛奶聯(lián)系起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

NormallyAmericansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinrelaxedsurroundingsoverprolongedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakeoutfordinner,whiletheydevelopapre-businesssenseoftrustandrapport.Rapporttomostofthemislessimportantthanperformance.Theyseekoutcredentialsofpastperformanceratherthanevaluatingabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialmanners.Sincetheygenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,theystarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.

MostAmericansliveintimesegmentsbyengagementcalendars.Thesecalendarsmaybedividedintointervalsasshortasfifteenminutes.Theyoften"give"apersontwoorthree(ormore)segmentsoftheircalendar,butinthebusinessworldtheyalmostalwayshaveotherappointmentsfollowinghardontheheelsofwhatevertheyaredoing.Timeisthereforealwaystickingintheirinnerear.

1."Americansareslavestonothingbuttheclock."Thismeans().

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsinceAmericansvaluetimehighly,they().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Americansevaluatetheirbusinesscolleaguebasedon().

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansvaluestheclockhighly.

B.Americansareslavestoanythingelseratherthantheclock.

C.Americansareslavestothetimeratherthananythingelse.

D.Americansareslavestoluxuriousclock.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hatesomeoneelsewastingtime

B.areshort-tempered

C.arerestless

D.hopetogainsomereturnfromthepassedtime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pre-businesssenseoftrustandintimacy

B.thepastperformance

C.thesocialcourtesies

D.theprolongedsmalltalk

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanshaveoneappointmentafteranother.

B.Betweentwoappointmentstheremightbe150minutesrest.

C.Americanscanalwaysheartheclickingoftheclock.

D.Americansagendasarealwaysfullyengaged.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheThingAmericansDoSaveTime

B.TimeinAmericans'Eyes.

C.Americans'WaytoSaveTime.

D.Time:APreciousCommoditytoAmericans.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句"Timeistreatedasifitwereanalmosttangibleentry."人們似乎把時(shí)間當(dāng)做是一個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的東西來(lái)對(duì)待。說(shuō)明美國(guó)人很看重時(shí)間,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句,美國(guó)人高

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