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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分校考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s()toobtainalicense.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.sanction

C.malignance

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。warrant“證明,正當(dāng)理由”;sanction“認(rèn)可,支持;malignance“惡意,惡性”;affirmation“主張,肯定,斷言”。句意:在那個(gè)國家,一個(gè)人在法定年齡前結(jié)婚的話必須得到父母的認(rèn)可才能領(lǐng)證。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis(1)tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave(2)andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The(3)professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill(4)bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)(5)position,someprofessorstreatthemas(6).However,nomatterhow

(7)professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof(8).

Professorsmay(9)socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey(10)theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeewithstudents(11)thenextdayexpectthemto(12)adeadlineforthe(13)ofapaperortobeprepared(14)adiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygive(15)attentionoutsideofclasstoastudentin(16)ofhelpbutprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenit(17)evaluatingschoolwork.Professorshaveseveralroles(18)students;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmust(19)thatwhenateacher’srolechanges,theymustappropriately(20)theirbehaviorandattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instructive

B.constructive

C.conducive

D.healthy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.easygoing

B.comforting

C.carefree

D.relaxing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.consultative

B.informal

C.easy

D.casual

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.despised

B.respected

C.neglected

D.overlooked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inferior

B.minor

C.low

D.subordinate

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.peers

B.colleagues

C.relatives

D.equals

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.democratic

B.formal

C.relaxed

D.strict

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.expert

B.authority

C.supervisor

D.superior

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.reproduce

B.set

C.get

D.establish

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.support

C.maintain

D.retain

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.hence

C.nevertheless

D.then

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.fulfill

C.meet

D.satisfy

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.submission

B.presentation

C.delivery

D.handing

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.against

D.of

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.extra

B.due

C.sufficient

D.supplementary

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.quest

B.view

C.search

D.need

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.getsto

B.comesto

C.reaches

D.touches

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.withregardto

B.inviewto

C.inrelationto

D.withreferenceto

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.suggest

C.realize

D.assume

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.adept

D.conform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】(1)instructive有教育性的;conducive有益的;constructive有建設(shè)性的;healthy健康的。Conduciveto有利于,有助于...原文中的意思是:一個(gè)非正式、輕松的課堂環(huán)境有利于學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

(2)根據(jù)后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知,填空處的意思應(yīng)該和friendly相近。easygoing隨和的;comforting令人欣慰的;carefree無憂無慮的;relaxing放松的。句意:學(xué)生與他們的教授有著隨和和友好的關(guān)系是很常見的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

(3)consultative咨詢的,顧問的;informal不拘禮節(jié)的;easy舒適的;casual臨時(shí)的。根據(jù)下文的poor可以推測,選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。句意:臨時(shí)教授不一定是窮教授,仍然受到學(xué)生的尊敬。

(4)根據(jù)上文,學(xué)生和教授的關(guān)系很友好,即使是臨時(shí)聘請(qǐng)的教授也會(huì)受到學(xué)生的尊敬。選項(xiàng)B正確。

(5)inferior下等的;minor次要的;low卑賤的;subordinate下屬,下級(jí)。學(xué)生和教授應(yīng)該是屬于下屬,下級(jí)的關(guān)系,所以選D。

(6)句意:盡管學(xué)生可能處于從屬地位,但有些教授對(duì)他們一視同仁。peers指平輩,同事;colleagues同行,同事;用在這里都不恰當(dāng),選項(xiàng)D正確。

(7)democratic民主的;formal正式的,拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?relaxed輕松的;strict嚴(yán)肅的。此處與上文相比進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。上文提到教授和學(xué)生之間關(guān)系友好隨和,然而無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個(gè)權(quán)威的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

(8)expert專家;authority權(quán)威;supervisor監(jiān)督人;superior上級(jí)。根據(jù)原文:無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個(gè)權(quán)威的地位。選項(xiàng)B正確。

(9)根據(jù)原文可知,這里指建立關(guān)系,set表示建立時(shí)后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思,但是build含義廣泛,可指一切具體或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish側(cè)重于著重穩(wěn)固地建成,可具體指國家、政府、學(xué)?;蛏痰甑鹊慕?也可指信仰、信用、名譽(yù)、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立。原文指建立社會(huì)關(guān)系,所以用establish更合適。

(10)sustain維持,支撐;support支持;maintain和retain都有保持的意思,但retain主要是剩余,剩下的意思。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合。

(11)根據(jù)原文,前一天教授可能還在和學(xué)生一起喝咖啡,但第二天還是希望學(xué)生能趕在最后期限提交論文。用but表轉(zhuǎn)折,符合原文。

(12)meetadeadline為固定搭配,指趕上最后期限。

(13)paper在這里指論文,根據(jù)原文,這里應(yīng)該是指趕上最后期限提交論文。選項(xiàng)A正確。

(14)prepareforsth.指為某事做準(zhǔn)備。這里指為討論或者考試做準(zhǔn)備。選項(xiàng)B正確。

(15)根據(jù)下文,當(dāng)在評(píng)估學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)時(shí)可能不會(huì)對(duì)他或她有所不同,所以這里應(yīng)該是指額外的關(guān)注。due應(yīng)得的;sufficient充分的;supplementary指補(bǔ)充的。句意:教授可能會(huì)在課外給予需要幫助的學(xué)生額外的關(guān)注,但當(dāng)在評(píng)估學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)時(shí)可能不會(huì)對(duì)他或她有所不同。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

(16)inneedofhelp需要幫助。句意:教授可能會(huì)在課外給予需要幫助的學(xué)生額外的關(guān)注。

(17)getsto到達(dá),開始;comesto談到,提及到;reaches達(dá)到;touches接觸到。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

(18)withregardto關(guān)于,至于;inviewof鑒于,考慮到;inrelationto關(guān)于,涉及;withreferenceto關(guān)于。這里指教授的角色和學(xué)生息息相關(guān)。所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

(19)根據(jù)原文,學(xué)生必須意識(shí)到,當(dāng)教師的角色發(fā)生變化時(shí),他們必須適當(dāng)?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

(20)adopt采取,接受;adapt適應(yīng);adept熟練,擅長;conform確認(rèn),證實(shí)。句意:他們必須適當(dāng)?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(極其單調(diào)乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【參考譯文】休假比以前任何時(shí)候都更有必要,因?yàn)槿缃褚话闳说纳畈辉傧褚郧澳菢迂S富多彩,相反卻變得越來越單調(diào)乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在的休假概念。當(dāng)然,某種方式的休息,歷來是人生節(jié)奏的一部分,但人類社會(huì)早期認(rèn)為沒有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。那時(shí)的節(jié)日足已滿足人們的需要。

由于現(xiàn)代人生活越來越緊張,工作要求高,工作量大,因此在一年的日常工作中,休假變得越來越必要。休假已成為調(diào)節(jié)修整身心的必要手段。因此,在最任性放縱而生活節(jié)奏最緊張單調(diào)的美國,休假就成了家庭閑談的主要話題。

4.單選題

Themissilemissedthe(

)by1,500metersatitsfirstexperimentalflight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destination

B.purpose

C.target

D.terminal

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Destination“目的地”;target“目標(biāo)”;purpose“目的”;terminal“末端,重點(diǎn)”。句意:在第一次試射中,導(dǎo)彈偏離目標(biāo)1500米。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldshortofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemands,withoutabrasions,withoutdisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.Competitionwouldneverenterin,conflictwouldbeeliminated,tensionbecomeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Artwouldnolongerbetroubling,butpurelycelebratoryinitsfunctions.Longevitywouldbeincreased,forfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbytumultuousendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandon,withambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart.

Thereisastrongviewthatholdsthatsuccessisamyth,andambitionthereforeasham.Doesthismeanthatsuccessdoesnotreallyexist?Thatachievementisatbottomempty?Thattheeffortsofmenandwomenareofnosignificancealongsidetheforceofmovementsandevents?

Thatnotallsuccess,obviously,isworthesteeming,norallambitionworthcultivating?

【答案】一個(gè)缺少抱負(fù)的世界會(huì)是什么樣的,這不難想象。它可能會(huì)是一個(gè)更友好的世界:沒有欲望,沒有摩擦,沒有失望。人們將有時(shí)間進(jìn)行反思。他們所做的工作并不是為了他們自己,而是為了集體。競爭將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)出現(xiàn),沖突將會(huì)消除,緊張局面將成往事。產(chǎn)生的壓力將會(huì)結(jié)束。藝術(shù)將不再煞費(fèi)苦心,它的作用純粹是為了慶祝。人的壽命將會(huì)更長,因?yàn)橛杉ち移礌幰鸬男呐K病和中風(fēng)所導(dǎo)致的死亡將減少。焦慮將會(huì)消失。時(shí)光飛逝,而抱負(fù)早已遠(yuǎn)離人心。

有一種流行的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,成功是一種神話,因此抱負(fù)是虛無縹緲的。這是否意味著成功并不真實(shí)存在?成就最終都是徒勞的?男性與女性的努力,以及政治運(yùn)動(dòng)與重大歷史事件的力量,都是毫無意義的嗎?

顯然,并不是所有的成功都值得敬仰,也不是所有的抱負(fù)都值得追求?

6.單選題

TheshuttleColumbiawasdoomedinpartbecauseNASAreliedonflawedcomputersimulationsandmathematicalformulasthatfailedtoaccuratelypredictdamagetotheshuttlefromflyingpiecesoffoam,documentsreleasedbythespaceagencyandthegroupinvestigatingtheaccidentshow.

NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.Instead,theexpertssay,theyshouldhaveperformedtestsonshuttlecomponentstodeterminethedamagethatfoamfromthefueltankmightdotoitswing.

Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.NASAmanagersassumeditwassafeforColumbiatoreturntoEartheventhoughfoamhadstruckthewing.

Thefoamhittheleftwing82secondsafterliftoffandbrokethroughoneofthecarbonpanelsdesignedtoprotectthewingsfromtheintenseheatofre-entry.Columbiabrokeapartasitre-enteredEarth’satmosphereonFeb.1.Allsevenastronautswerekilled.

Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.

Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

AmongtheareastobediscussedisNASA’srelianceoncomputersimulationsandmathematicalmodels.Beforethemission—andagainafterfuzzyphotosshowedthefoamhadhitColumbia’swing-simulationsandotheranalysesledtopoordecisionsbyNASAmanagers,documentsshow.ThesimulationsappeartohaveblindedthemtodangersignalsaboutfoamonearlierflightsandledthemtodramaticallyunderestimatethethreattoColumbia.Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

Inonecase,duringtheColumbiamission,atleast75shuttleexpertswithNASAanditscontractorsweresoconcernedaboutthepoorqualityofdatainananalysistheywerepreparingthattheyrecommendedtakingphotosoftheshuttleinspace,sourcessay.Thosephotoscouldhaveshownwhetherfoamhaddamagedtheleftwing.

Instead,NASAmanagerstrustedtheanalysisthattheexpertssaidwassoflawed.Theanalysiswronglyestimatedwherethefoamhitandconcludedthattheshuttlehadnotsustainedsignificantdamage.HadNASAknowntheextentofthedamage,theagencymighthavelaunchedarescuemissiontotrytosaveColumbia’screw.

EngineersconnectedtotheanalysissaytheyareangryandpuzzledthatNASAwouldnotseekphotosfromsatellitesortelescopes.NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.

Bynecessity,NASAreliesheavilyoncomputermodelsandotheranalysistoolstoprovidecluesaboutwhathappenstotheshuttlefromlaunchuntilre-entry.Itcannoteasilyrecreatetheextremetemperaturesofspaceinalab.Usedproperly,suchanalysescanimprovesafety.Indeed,analysistechniquesroutinelyhelpdesignsaferjetwingsandnuclearplants.

Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.SeveralmajoraviationcrashesandtheThreeMileIslandnuclearaccidentwerecausedbypooranalyses,expertssay.

“Youneedtotakeintoaccounttheuncertainties”saysElizabethPate-Cornell,chairmanofthemanagementsciencesandengineeringdepartmentatStanfordUniversity.“It’stheoldstory:garbagein,garbageout.”

AsColumbiaorbited,engineerserroneouslyconcludedthefoamcouldnotdamagethewing’scarbonpanels.Theanalysiswasbasedonearliertestsofsmallicepelletshittingthepanels.Butthosetestscouldnotpredictwhetheralargechunkoffoamwouldcausedamage.

AcomputerprogramknownasCrater,whichengineersusedtopredictwhetherthefoamdamagedtheceramictilesbeneathColumbia’swing,hadnotbeendesignedtoaccountforimpactsfromlargepiecesoffoam.

1.Nuclearandaviationsafetyexperts().

2.Intheauthorsopinion,NASAmanagers().

3.TheColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardwillissueitsfindingswithregardtothefollowingEXCEPT().

4.NASAmanagersmadepoordecisionsbecausetheydidNOT().

5.Safetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriesindicatethatcomputersimulations().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowverywellthesortsofanalysesmadebyNASAmanagers

B.indicatethatspaceagencyofficialsreliedonthewronganalyses

C.believethatspaceagencyofficialsshouldhavemademoresimulations

D.stronglycriticizespaceagencyofficialsforbeingunscrupulous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.madewronghypothesisconclusionsaboutthesafetyofColumbia

B.infactknewclearlywhatkindofdangerColumbiawouldface

C.feltitdifficulttopredictwhatmighthappentoColumbiaasitreturnedtoEarth

D.didnotrealizethattheleftwingofColumbiawashitbythefoamafterliftoff

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whytheshuttlebrokeapartasitreturnedtoEarth

B.howthefoamhittingtheleftwingcausedtheaccident

C.howdecisionsbyNASAmanagersweremade

D.howNASAmanagersmisunderstooddangersignals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.getallthefindingsofdataanalyses

B.knowtheshuttlehadsignificantdamage

C.getalongwellwithshuttleexpert

D.trusttheanalysisproducedbysimulation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arenotreliableatall

B.yieldedpooranalyses

C.haveseverelimitations

D.shouldbeabandoned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段第一句話“NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.(熟悉NASA使用的分析的核能和航空安全專家說,航天局官員錯(cuò)誤地依賴模擬來衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”。A選項(xiàng)“非常了解NASA管理人員所做的各種分析”文中沒有提到;B選項(xiàng)“指出太空總署官員依賴錯(cuò)誤的分析”正確;C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為太空總署的官員應(yīng)該做更多的模擬”沒有直接在文中明說;D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)航天局官員的肆無忌憚”文中沒有提到,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。由題干可定位到第三段第一句話“Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.(這些模擬和公式,有些是在發(fā)射前完成的,而在任務(wù)期間所做的其他模擬和公式往往是基于對(duì)航天飛機(jī)承受損害能力的錯(cuò)誤假設(shè)。)”。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)哥倫比亞號(hào)的安全性做出錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)結(jié)論”正確;B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上很清楚哥倫比亞將面臨什么樣的危險(xiǎn)”說法錯(cuò)誤,管理人員低估了自己的錯(cuò)誤對(duì)哥倫比亞號(hào)造成的危險(xiǎn);C選項(xiàng)“覺得很難預(yù)測哥倫比亞號(hào)返回地球時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么”說法錯(cuò)誤,管理人員覺得哥倫比亞號(hào)能安全返回地球;D選項(xiàng)“沒有意識(shí)到哥倫比亞號(hào)的左翼在升空后被泡沫擊中”說法錯(cuò)誤,管理人員預(yù)測到了,只是他們錯(cuò)誤地評(píng)估了航天飛機(jī)的承傷能力,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文中第五段“Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.(今天,哥倫比亞事故調(diào)查委員會(huì)將發(fā)布事故原因的調(diào)查結(jié)果。根據(jù)此前董事會(huì)成員公開聲明,除了詳細(xì)說明泡沫的打擊如何導(dǎo)致分解外,委員會(huì)還將記錄NASA管理人員如何低估哥倫比亞面臨的危險(xiǎn)以及他們?nèi)绾魏鲆暰?。)”。A選項(xiàng)“為什么航天飛機(jī)在返回地球時(shí)分裂了”;B選項(xiàng)“泡沫是如何撞擊左翼造成事故的”;C選項(xiàng)“NASA管理者是如何做出決定的”都在文中提到過,只有D選項(xiàng)“NASA管理者如何誤解危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)”沒有提到,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文中第八、九段。文中說到安全專家非常擔(dān)心他們準(zhǔn)備的分析數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量太低,他們建議在太空中給航天飛機(jī)拍照,然而管理人員相信自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),所以引發(fā)了事故。A選項(xiàng)“得到所有數(shù)據(jù)分析的結(jié)果”;B選項(xiàng)“知道航天飛機(jī)有嚴(yán)重的損壞”;C選項(xiàng)“與航天飛機(jī)專家相處融洽”都不符合原文,D選項(xiàng)“相信模擬產(chǎn)生的分析”正確,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文中第十段“NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.(美國宇航局的管理人員說,他們沒有被告知計(jì)算機(jī)模擬和分析的局限性。)”和第十二段“Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.(但高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的安全專家說,他們已經(jīng)學(xué)到了數(shù)學(xué)公式和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬無法完全模擬自然的艱難方法。)”。由此可知計(jì)算機(jī)模擬無法完全模擬自然危險(xiǎn),因此具有局限性。A選項(xiàng)“完全不可靠”;B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生不良分析”和D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該被廢棄”都不正確,C選項(xiàng)“有嚴(yán)重的局限性”符合題意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ministersalsohopedthatemployerswouldcutoutovermanningandrootoutinefficiency,evenifthisledtoatemporary(

)inunemployment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excess

B.surge

C.lure

D.spur

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excess“超過,過量”;B選項(xiàng)surge“洶涌;波濤;激增”;C選項(xiàng)lure“誘惑;餌”;D選項(xiàng)spur“馬刺;鞭策;支線”。句意:部長們還希望雇主們能減少人員過剩,根除低效率,即使這會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)人數(shù)短暫······。句中“cutourovermanningandrootoutinefficiency(減少人員過剩,根除低效率)”會(huì)造成失業(yè)人口猛增,因此B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Hehasbeen______ofmurderingtheJapanesevisitor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blamed

B.charged

C.accused

D.arrested

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blamed責(zé)怪;指責(zé)B.charged收(費(fèi));控訴

C.accused控告;控訴D.arrested逮捕;拘留

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息murderingtheJapanesevisitor(謀殺日本游客)可推知,空格處應(yīng)該填入“指控、控訴”,而由介詞of可知,beaccusedof是固定用法,表示“被指控”,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合句意;

B項(xiàng)要與with搭配,chargesb.withsth.表示“控告某人某事”;

D項(xiàng)要與for搭配使用,arrestsb.forsth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。

【句意】他被指控謀殺了那名日本游客。

9.單選題

InAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,Gideonv.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairtrialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.“Thisseemstoustobeanobvioustruth,”wroteJusticeHugoBlackinhisopinion.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircriminal-justicesystem—thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretreatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense—abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyor,ifthatfails,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.

“Wehaveawealth-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRight.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughterhouse.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”

Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemadeheroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolice,prosecutorsandprisonshassteadilyclimbedinthepastdecade,increasingthenumberofpeoplechargedandimprisoned,spendingonindigentdefensehasnotkeptpace,overwhelminganalreadyhard-pressedsystem.

1.Theword“indigent”mostprobablymeans().

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably().

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.criminal

C.poverty-stricken

D.innocent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyer

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense

C.Apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourt

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theword“indigent”mostprobablymeans______.1.“indigent”這個(gè)詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.wealthyA.富有的

B.criminalB.犯罪的

C.poverty-strickenC.一貧如洗的

D.innocentD.天真的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞indigent定位至第一段第三句“在35年前的一個(gè)具有里程碑意義的?GideonV.Wainwright案中,最高法院一致裁定,必須為indigent的被告提供一名由國家出資的律師(indigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense)……”,從atstateexpense(國家出資)可以推測,indigent應(yīng)該是指“沒有錢的”被告,C項(xiàng)意思與之相近。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“富有的”根據(jù)解題思路可知,與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“犯罪的”和D項(xiàng)“天真的”沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably______.2.從文章中可以推斷,O.J.Simpson可能是______。

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyerA.一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無罪的人

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpenseB.一個(gè)因?yàn)閲页鲥X請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourtC.拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeopleD.他是一位杰出的律師,為普通窮人打贏了許多官司

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段前兩句“在美國競爭激烈的法律體系中,優(yōu)秀的律師是必不可少的。問問O.J.Simpson吧?!?,從中可知,在美國法律體系中,想要打贏官司,一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的律師是必不可少的,后面的一句“問問O.J.Simpson吧”我們可以推測,O.J.Simpson應(yīng)該是一個(gè)請(qǐng)了一位優(yōu)秀的律師的人,他對(duì)于雇一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的律師深有體會(huì),A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無罪的人”符合題意。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)閲页鲥X請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人”和D項(xiàng)“他是一位杰出的律師,為普通窮人打贏了許多官司”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,這兩項(xiàng)和原文第一句沒有關(guān)系,屬于張冠李戴;

C項(xiàng)“拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人”,從第一段第一句中的“優(yōu)秀律師”可以推測,O.J.Simpson不太可能敗訴,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?3.作者如何看待美國的對(duì)抗性法律制度?

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.A.它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)。

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.B.它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)。

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.C.事實(shí)上,它對(duì)富人有利,但對(duì)窮人不利。

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.D.這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的,應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞adversariallegalsystem定位至文章第三段的內(nèi)容“我們有一個(gè)以財(cái)富為基礎(chǔ)的司法體系,對(duì)富人來說,它是鍍金的。對(duì)一般窮人來說,這就像被趕進(jìn)屠宰場。在許多地方,窮人幾乎不存在對(duì)抗體制?!保瑥脑摱蝺?nèi)容我們可以知道,對(duì)抗體制對(duì)于富人來說是有用的,但是對(duì)于窮人來說幾乎不存在,因此C項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上,它對(duì)富人有利,但對(duì)窮人不利”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)”可以定位到原文第一段最后一句“當(dāng)時(shí)(Atthetime),這一決定被譽(yù)為正義的勝利,體現(xiàn)了美國致力于法律面前人人平等的理想(thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice)。”,當(dāng)時(shí)人們覺得美國的對(duì)抗性法律制度體現(xiàn)了美國致力于法律面前人人平等的理想,但結(jié)合解題思路可知,事實(shí)并非如此,對(duì)抗性法律制度對(duì)于富人是好的,對(duì)于窮人來說就像沒有,根本體現(xiàn)不了公平,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這個(gè)制度根本不平等,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;

D項(xiàng)“這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的,應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革”,原文中未提到對(duì)抗性法律制度要徹底改革,屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?4.下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.A.為窮人提供辯護(hù)的律師經(jīng)常努力地工作,但報(bào)酬很少或根本沒有。

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.B.隨著犯罪率的上升,美國的政客們對(duì)犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了。

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.C.在美國,如果一個(gè)人拒絕接受下級(jí)法院的判決,他總是可以向最高法院上訴。

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.D.政府提供的律師往往會(huì)完成辯護(hù)的流程,并且無法與檢察官對(duì)抗。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“今天,許多貧窮的被告,包括那些面臨長期監(jiān)禁甚至死刑的人,都要接受‘與他們見面并為他們辯護(hù)’的流程,在簡短的咨詢中,一個(gè)忙碌或不稱職的律師鼓勵(lì)他們認(rèn)罪,如果失敗,律師就在短時(shí)間的審判中掙扎,然后被一個(gè)更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、薪水更高、準(zhǔn)備更充分的檢察官勝訴?!?,從中可知,政府提供的律師往往都是走一個(gè)流程,他們會(huì)鼓勵(lì)被告認(rèn)罪,如果被告不認(rèn)罪,他們也無法在申訴中贏過準(zhǔn)備更充分的檢察官,D項(xiàng)“政府提供的律師往往會(huì)完成辯護(hù)的流程,并且無法與檢察官對(duì)抗”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“為窮人提供辯護(hù)的律師經(jīng)常努力地工作,但報(bào)酬很少或根本沒有”,根據(jù)最后一段第一句“當(dāng)然,許多律師為一些特定的被告(particulardefendants)付出了巨大的努力,但報(bào)酬很少或沒有報(bào)酬”可知,A項(xiàng)中的thepoor(窮人)與原文中的particulardefendants(特定的被告)不符,屬于曲解原文;

B項(xiàng)“隨著犯罪率的上升,美國的政客們對(duì)犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了”,根據(jù)第二段中的第二句“……在過去的二十年里,政客們急于嚴(yán)厲打擊犯罪(butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime)……”,可知,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

C項(xiàng)“在美國,如果一個(gè)人拒絕接受下級(jí)法院的判決,他總是可以向最高法院上訴”中的lowercourt(下級(jí)法院)沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

10.單選題

()tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.Tobeintroduced

D.Onbeingintroduced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)英國人在被介紹給別人的時(shí)候,經(jīng)常喜歡和陌生人握手。

11.翻譯題

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前獨(dú)自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人,特別是上了年紀(jì)的婦女,構(gòu)成了獨(dú)自生活人群的絕大多數(shù);而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士,他們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)為獨(dú)自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨(dú)自生活被認(rèn)為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷,而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。

12.單選題

Mostoftherubbishthatweusually(

)ofcanberecycled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposed

B.discharge

C.dispatch

D.dissolve

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)dispose“處理,安排”;B選項(xiàng)discharge“釋放”;C選項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣”;D選項(xiàng)dissolve“溶解”。

句意:我們通常處理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

13.單選題

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelpthe

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