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definitioncompound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.definitioncompound:Inlinguis1classificationCompoundNounsCompoundadjectivesCompoundVerbsclassificationCompoundNouns2CompoundNouns
Acompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.CompoundNounsAcompoundnoun3threeformsforcompoundnouns
1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedroom)threeformsforcompoundnouns4
A.noun+noun:honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+room
kingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fall
boyhood:boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jacker
A.noun+noun:5football:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire-fly(螢火蟲):fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friend
policeman:police+manfootball:foot+ball6B.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路):clear+wayeasy-chair(安樂椅):easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+fatherB.adjective+noun7blackboard:black+board
software:soft+ware(制品;器具;貨物)freshman:fresh+manshorthand(速記):short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+landblackboard:black+board8C.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwater
driveway
chat
roomjumpsuit(跳傘服)workexperienceswearwordplayboy
pickpocket
C.Verb+noun:9Dverb(-ing)+noun:washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdiving-board跳板drivinglicense駕駛執(zhí)照landingcard登陸卡Dverb(-ing)+noun:10E.Noun+verb/(-ing)sunrise
haircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving開運貨汽車coal-miningweightliftingbird-watchinghandwritingbookkeepingE.Noun+verb/(-ing)11F.adverb+noun
onlookerbystander(旁觀者)under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮臺,大雨,衰敗)overcoatF.adverb+noun12G.adverb+verb
Over(結(jié)束)throwinput
outputoutletupset(翻倒,混亂)upturnUpstartonflow(湍流)outbreakoutcomeG.adverb+verb13Verb+preposition:check-out/intake-off
get-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrase
mother/father-in-lawVerb+preposition:14Pronunciation
Compoundnounstendtohavemorestresson
thefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.a'greenhouse=placewherewegrowplants(compoundnoun)
agreen'house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)
a'bluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)
ablue'bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPronunciation
Compoundnounst15Pluralformsofcompoundnouns
Ingeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothe"baseword"(themost"significant"word).Lookattheseexamples:singular
plural
atennisshoethreetennisshoes
oneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmasters
thesergeantmajor(軍士長)somesergeantsmajor
amother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstate
mytoothbrushourtoothbrushes
awoman-doctorfourwomen-doctors
adoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosophy
apasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-by
Pluralformsofcompoundnouns16Becareful!
deadpresidentbusybody
maddoctor=ThePsychiatrist
confidenceman
dressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalk
whitemanGreekgift
Becareful!
17Compoundnounquiz
Usingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughter
myson-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonths
twothree-monthperiodsCompoundnounquiz
Usingcompo18Compoundadjectives1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheycomeafter(Theactoriswellknown).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidlychanging)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:
1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.
('Four-foot'isanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolink'four'
and'foot'toshowthatitisoneadjective.)
2.Itisa6document.
3.Claireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.
4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.
/v_show/id_XMjQ3OTIwMTQ4.htmlCompoundadjectives1.Acompoun19Thewarm-heartedmanboughtaready-madetoy(熱心的人兒買個現(xiàn)成的玩具);
Thehard-workingmanproducedahand-madetoy(勤勞的人兒做個手工的玩具);
Thegood-lookingmanlovestoeatfat-freefood(相貌堂堂的人喜歡低脂食品);
Thepeace-lovingmanlovestobewell-behaved
(熱愛和平的人喜愛彬彬有禮);Theone-eyedmanwasbornababy-facedone(獨眼的男子天生有張娃娃臉);Thelow-costjourneymustbeaseven-dayone(低成本的旅游當(dāng)數(shù)七日游).
doggerelThewarm-heartedmanboug201.adj+noun+-ed
warm-heartedkind-hearted
bad-temperedsweet-tempered
fresh-facedmiddle-aged
white-hairedshort-sighted
warm-bloodedcold-blooded
light-heartedlight-headed頭暈
light-fingeredopen-minded
slow-footedcross-eyed
good-naturedsharp-eyed
iron-willedred-lipped1.adj+noun+-ed212.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:far-fetched(牽強附會的)ready-madedeep-setnew-born
badly-woundedhighly-developedwell-informed消息靈通的poorly-litwell-knownquickly-cured
better-trainedpoorly-dressed
well-cuthard-wonnewly-made
well-behavedwell-spreadnewlymarried
2.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:223.adverb+verb(-ing):everlastinghard-workingslow-thinkingfast-thinkingfast-moving
slow-moving3.adverb+verb(-ing):234.noun+pastparticiple:man-made
home-made
hand-madegrass-coveredwater-coveredsnow-covered
travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的)air-filledpoverty-strickensun-burnt
heart-felt(衷心的)self-taughtair-borne
(忍受;負(fù)荷)
hen-pecked(啄食;扔石頭;吹毛求疵)4.noun+pastparticiple:24
good-looking
fast-developing
ordinary-lookingfree-standingfunny-looking
soft-feeling
tired-looking
far-reaching
easy-goingfamiliar-soundingbad-smelling
5.adj+verb(-ing):
good-looking256.noun+adjsnow-white
color-blindday-longlife-long
Waterproof(不能透入的)
nation-wideduty-freefire-resistant反抗的;頑固的world-famoustax-freecar-sicktight-lipped
嘴緊的
airtight
ice-cold
world-wide6.noun+adjsnow-white267.noun+verb(-ing):peace-lovingfreedom-lovingtime-savingself-generating.產(chǎn)生的;生成的summer-floweringkite-flyingocean-goingmouth-wateringEnglish-speakingfun-lovingearth-shakinglong-sufferingtime-consuming7.noun+verb(-ing):peace-loving278.number+noun+-ed:afour-storeyedbuildingathree-leggedtableafour-footedladderatree-linedavenueaone-eyedman
two-sidedtwo-faced
8.number+noun+-ed:28
chicken-hearted
honey-mouthed9.noun+noun+-ed:
9.noun+n2910.adj+noun:
full-timefast-foodlong-distancefull-lengthwhite/blue-collarred-letter(喜慶的)high-level
shorter-term
large-scaledeep-seamid-termpart-timespecial-gradehigh-minded10.adj+noun:
full-time3011.number+noun:Afour-starhotelasix-poundchicken
aseven-dayjourney
a
four-hourmeetingasecond-handbookaone-roomhouseaone-child
familyathree-goodstudentatwo-persontent11.number+noun:Afour-starho3112.verb+noun:
break-neck
telltate(搬弄是非的)cut-rate(減價的,次等的)12.verb+noun:
3213.adj+adjwet-coldicy-coldred-hotbitter-sweetlight/dark-bluedeaf-mutepaleyellow13.adj+adjwet-cold3314.verb(-ing)+adj:steaming-hot
smoking-hot(滾燙的)biting-coldfreezing-coldsoaking-wetwringing-wet14.verb(-ing)+adj:steaming3415.Adverb+adj:
ever-victorious
over-cautiousall-round15.Adverb+adj:3516.noun+noun:
X-ray(X光的)
English-language(英國語言的)16.noun+noun:
X-ray(X光的)
3617.prepositionalphrase
at-riskin-your-face(明目張膽的)17.prepositionalphraseat-ri3718.Sentencecompoundadjectivesdevil-may-caredog-eat-dogrun-of-the-mill(平常的)dot-and-dash(莫斯科電碼的)18.Sentencecompoundadjectiv38practice1.Thisisadresswhichwasmadebyhand.Thisisa_hand-made________dress.2.Itisawalkwhichtakesjust7minutes.Itisjusta__seven-minute_________walk.3.Ilikethehousewhichwaspaintedbrown.Ilikethe__brown-painted_________house.4.Canyouseethestarwhichisshiningbrightly?Canyouseethe_____brightly-shining________star.5.Thisisacakewhichismadecarefully.Thisisa__carefully-made_cake.practice1.Thisisadresswhic39CompoundVerbs
Inlinguistics,acompoundverbisamulti-wordcompoundthatactsasasingleverb.Onecomponentofthecompoundisalight
verb,whichcarriesanyinflections,indicatingtense,mood,oraspect,butprovidesonlyfineshadesofmeaning.Theother,"primary“componentisaverbornounwhichcarriesmostofthesemanticsofthecompound,anddeterminesitsarguments.CompoundVerbs
Inlinguistics,40Don’tunderestimateherpotential.Inthissentence,‘underestimate’isacompoundverbwhichcontainstwomorphemes,‘under’and‘estimate’.Don’tunderestimateherpotent411.noun+verb:
sleepwalkwindsurfbrainwashcross-questionsidestep1.noun+verb:
sleepwalk422.adjective+nounwhitewash
dry-cleansafeguard
blacklistfast-talk2.adjective+noun433.adverb+verb:downloadoverthrowovertakedownsizeupgradeupliftupbuildoverrate
underestimateoutgooutdoouteatoutrun(超過;跑得比…快)off-load3.adverb+verb:441.Conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化法)2.Back-formation(逆生法)Usually:
dancer&dancing(dance+-er&-ing)英語構(gòu)詞法-復(fù)合詞課件45Conversiontonickname←nicknametospotlight←spotlighttohoneymoon←honeymoontooutline←outlinetomachine-gun←machine-gunConversiontonickname←nicknam46Back-formationtomass-produce←mass-productiontoproof-read(校對)←proofreadingtochain-smoke←chainsmokertospeed-read←speed-readingtosoft-land←softlandingtosight-see←sight-seeingtotape-record←taperecorderBack-formationtomass-pr47Thankyou!Thankyou!48definitioncompound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.definitioncompound:Inlinguis49classificationCompoundNounsCompoundadjectivesCompoundVerbsclassificationCompoundNouns50CompoundNouns
Acompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.CompoundNounsAcompoundnoun51threeformsforcompoundnouns
1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedroom)threeformsforcompoundnouns52
A.noun+noun:honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+room
kingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fall
boyhood:boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jacker
A.noun+noun:53football:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire-fly(螢火蟲):fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friend
policeman:police+manfootball:foot+ball54B.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路):clear+wayeasy-chair(安樂椅):easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+fatherB.adjective+noun55blackboard:black+board
software:soft+ware(制品;器具;貨物)freshman:fresh+manshorthand(速記):short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+landblackboard:black+board56C.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwater
driveway
chat
roomjumpsuit(跳傘服)workexperienceswearwordplayboy
pickpocket
C.Verb+noun:57Dverb(-ing)+noun:washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdiving-board跳板drivinglicense駕駛執(zhí)照landingcard登陸卡Dverb(-ing)+noun:58E.Noun+verb/(-ing)sunrise
haircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving開運貨汽車coal-miningweightliftingbird-watchinghandwritingbookkeepingE.Noun+verb/(-ing)59F.adverb+noun
onlookerbystander(旁觀者)under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮臺,大雨,衰?。﹐vercoatF.adverb+noun60G.adverb+verb
Over(結(jié)束)throwinput
outputoutletupset(翻倒,混亂)upturnUpstartonflow(湍流)outbreakoutcomeG.adverb+verb61Verb+preposition:check-out/intake-off
get-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrase
mother/father-in-lawVerb+preposition:62Pronunciation
Compoundnounstendtohavemorestresson
thefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.a'greenhouse=placewherewegrowplants(compoundnoun)
agreen'house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)
a'bluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)
ablue'bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPronunciation
Compoundnounst63Pluralformsofcompoundnouns
Ingeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothe"baseword"(themost"significant"word).Lookattheseexamples:singular
plural
atennisshoethreetennisshoes
oneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmasters
thesergeantmajor(軍士長)somesergeantsmajor
amother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstate
mytoothbrushourtoothbrushes
awoman-doctorfourwomen-doctors
adoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosophy
apasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-by
Pluralformsofcompoundnouns64Becareful!
deadpresidentbusybody
maddoctor=ThePsychiatrist
confidenceman
dressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalk
whitemanGreekgift
Becareful!
65Compoundnounquiz
Usingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughter
myson-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonths
twothree-monthperiodsCompoundnounquiz
Usingcompo66Compoundadjectives1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheycomeafter(Theactoriswellknown).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidlychanging)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:
1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.
('Four-foot'isanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolink'four'
and'foot'toshowthatitisoneadjective.)
2.Itisa6document.
3.Claireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.
4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.
/v_show/id_XMjQ3OTIwMTQ4.htmlCompoundadjectives1.Acompoun67Thewarm-heartedmanboughtaready-madetoy(熱心的人兒買個現(xiàn)成的玩具);
Thehard-workingmanproducedahand-madetoy(勤勞的人兒做個手工的玩具);
Thegood-lookingmanlovestoeatfat-freefood(相貌堂堂的人喜歡低脂食品);
Thepeace-lovingmanlovestobewell-behaved
(熱愛和平的人喜愛彬彬有禮);Theone-eyedmanwasbornababy-facedone(獨眼的男子天生有張娃娃臉);Thelow-costjourneymustbeaseven-dayone(低成本的旅游當(dāng)數(shù)七日游).
doggerelThewarm-heartedmanboug681.adj+noun+-ed
warm-heartedkind-hearted
bad-temperedsweet-tempered
fresh-facedmiddle-aged
white-hairedshort-sighted
warm-bloodedcold-blooded
light-heartedlight-headed頭暈
light-fingeredopen-minded
slow-footedcross-eyed
good-naturedsharp-eyed
iron-willedred-lipped1.adj+noun+-ed692.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:far-fetched(牽強附會的)ready-madedeep-setnew-born
badly-woundedhighly-developedwell-informed消息靈通的poorly-litwell-knownquickly-cured
better-trainedpoorly-dressed
well-cuthard-wonnewly-made
well-behavedwell-spreadnewlymarried
2.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:703.adverb+verb(-ing):everlastinghard-workingslow-thinkingfast-thinkingfast-moving
slow-moving3.adverb+verb(-ing):714.noun+pastparticiple:man-made
home-made
hand-madegrass-coveredwater-coveredsnow-covered
travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的)air-filledpoverty-strickensun-burnt
heart-felt(衷心的)self-taughtair-borne
(忍受;負(fù)荷)
hen-pecked(啄食;扔石頭;吹毛求疵)4.noun+pastparticiple:72
good-looking
fast-developing
ordinary-lookingfree-standingfunny-looking
soft-feeling
tired-looking
far-reaching
easy-goingfamiliar-soundingbad-smelling
5.adj+verb(-ing):
good-looking736.noun+adjsnow-white
color-blindday-longlife-long
Waterproof(不能透入的)
nation-wideduty-freefire-resistant反抗的;頑固的world-famoustax-freecar-sicktight-lipped
嘴緊的
airtight
ice-cold
world-wide6.noun+adjsnow-white747.noun+verb(-ing):peace-lovingfreedom-lovingtime-savingself-generating.產(chǎn)生的;生成的summer-floweringkite-flyingocean-goingmouth-wateringEnglish-speakingfun-lovingearth-shakinglong-sufferingtime-consuming7.noun+verb(-ing):peace-loving758.number+noun+-ed:afour-storeyedbuildingathree-leggedtableafour-footedladderatree-linedavenueaone-eyedman
two-sidedtwo-faced
8.number+noun+-ed:76
chicken-hearted
honey-mouthed9.noun+noun+-ed:
9.noun+n7710.adj+noun:
full-timefast-foodlong-distancefull-lengthwhite/blue-collarred-letter(喜慶的)high-level
shorter-term
large-scaledeep-seamid-termpart-timespecial-gradehigh-minded10.adj+noun:
full-time7811.number+noun:Afour-starhotelasix-poundchicken
aseven-dayjourney
a
four-hourmeetingasecond-handbookaone-roomhouseaone-child
familyathree-goodstudentatwo-persontent11.number+noun:Afour-starho7912.verb+noun:
break-neck
telltate(搬弄是非的)cut-rate(減價的,次等的)12.verb+noun:
8013.adj+adjwet-coldicy-coldred-hotbitter-sweetlight/dark-bluedeaf-mutepaleyellow13.adj+adjwet-cold8114.verb(-ing)+adj:steaming-hot
smoking-h
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