考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.寫作題

Directions:“GoWest,YoungMan”wasapopularsayingofthe19centuryintheUnitedStates,referringtoopportunitiesonthefrontier.TodayinChina,thereisalsoagreatneedforpatrioticandenergeticyoungpeopletogowestandmakecontributionstothewesternregiondevelopment.WriteontheAnswerSheetanessayofabout150wordstodiscussthesignificanceofthedevelopmentofWestChina.ThesuggestedtitleisGoWest,RevitalizeOurNation.

【答案】GoWest,RevitalizeOurNation

ThewesternregiondevelopmentisakeymovetheStateCouncilhastaken,toachievethebalanceandco-ordinatedevelopmentofeconomyinthedifferenceregionalloverChina.Itcancontributetonationalemploymentaswellaseconomicgrowthofthewesternregion.Therefore,thewesternregionisingreatneedforanarmyoftalentswhowillbededicatedtotheiryouthandblood,inparticular,earlierstageofdevelopment.

Forthewesternprogressandprosperity,youngpeopleshouldcatchthechancetobecomepioneersthereandtoachievetheirownvalueratherthanenjoygoodlivingconditionincities.Thereexistavarietyofresourcestoberequiredforexploitingandutilizing.Thereitisfullofbusinessopportunitiestodemonstrateyourabilityandmakeyourdreamcometrue.

Ifyouareafreshgraduate,ifyouaspiretodobigthings,ifyoucommityourselftorevitalizingournation,gotothewesternregionwhereitsdevelopmentcan4carryonwithoutyourknowledge,enthusiasmanddevotion.Thewestcallsforyou!Youngpeople.

2.單選題

Peoplefromupper（）gatheredtogetherattheauctionyesterday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crop

B.crux

C.cult

D.crust

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crop“產(chǎn)量，農(nóng)作物，莊稼，平頭”；B選項(xiàng)crux“關(guān)鍵，癥結(jié)，難題，十字架形，坩堝”；C選項(xiàng)cult“狂熱，異教團(tuán)體，宗教信仰，膜拜儀式，時(shí)髦的人（或事物），信徒”；D選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，外殼，面包皮，堅(jiān)硬外皮”。uppercrust“上流社會(huì)，上流階級(jí)”。句意：上流社會(huì)的人昨天在拍賣會(huì)上聚集。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thismorningwhenshewaswalkinginthestreet,ablackcar（）besideher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drewout

B.drewoff

C.drewdown

D.drewup

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。drawout“取出，擬定，拉長(zhǎng)”；drawoff“撤退，轉(zhuǎn)移”；drawdown“引來(lái)，招致”；drawup“草擬，停住”。句意：這個(gè)早上當(dāng)她正走在街上的時(shí)候，一輛黑色的汽車停在她旁邊。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.翻譯題

鞏固和加強(qiáng)同廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的團(tuán)結(jié)與合作，始終是中國(guó)外交的基本立足點(diǎn)，也是中國(guó)全方位對(duì)外合作的重要組成部分。歷史證明，只要我們從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮，妥善處理彼此的分歧，我們就能在國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易、金融、環(huán)境等重大問(wèn)題上發(fā)出一致聲音，提高我們的影響力，維護(hù)我們的共同利益。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)對(duì)與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家合作的投入不斷增加，合作的形式日益豐富。雖然中國(guó)本身受到金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)峻影響，中國(guó)仍將在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)向其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供援助。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人相繼提出了同發(fā)展中國(guó)家加強(qiáng)合作、實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展的重大舉措。作為人口眾多的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)面臨加快自身發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。中國(guó)將始終不渝地奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，與廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家一道，為推動(dòng)建設(shè)一個(gè)更加和諧、繁榮的世界做出貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】Toconsolidateandstrengthensolidarityandcooperationwithotherdevelopingcountries,isalwaysthefundamentalstandpointofChina’sdiplomacy,isalsoacomprehensiveinternationalcooperationisanimportantpartofChina.Historyprovesthataslongaswethinkaboutthelongerterm,properlyhandletheirdifferences,wecanintheinternationaleconomicandtradeonsuchmajorissuesconsistentsoundfinancialenvironment,improveourinfluence,ourcommoninterests.Inrecentyears,China’sinvestmentincooperationwithotherdevelopingcountriescontinuetoincrease,intheformofcooperationisbecomingmoreandmorerich.AlthoughChinaitselfisaffectedbytheseriousfinancialcrisis,Chinawillstillbewithinthescopeofthepowertocontinuetoprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountries.China’sleadershavebeenputforwardtostrengthencooperationwithdevelopingcountriesamajormeasureforachievingcommondevelopment.Asapopulousdevelopingcountry,Chinaisfacedwiththeproblemofacceleratingthedevelopmentoftheirown.Chinawillunswervinglypursuethewin-winstrategyofopeningup,alongwithdevelopingcountries,topromotetheconstructionofamoreharmoniousandprosperousworld.

5.單選題

Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfoundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded-andcancomebacktohaunt（困擾）you—appearstobethekeytothefinding.

JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.

Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachmentofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.

ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldberereadandwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.

Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall,say-thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneousresponsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?”

Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.

1.Hancock’sstudyfocuseson（

）.

2.Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?

4.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause（

）

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia.

B.Thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas

C.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

D.People’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

B.Peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions

C.Peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication

D.Peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.

B.Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

C.Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia

D.Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers

B.salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate

C.salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy

D.salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunications

B.moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployees

C.suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposes

D.emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句：Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.漢考克從而計(jì)算出各種媒介下每次談話中的說(shuō)謊數(shù)量。他發(fā)現(xiàn)電子郵件中謊話的比例占14%,即時(shí)消息中占21%,面對(duì)面交談時(shí)占27%,令人驚訝的是電話交談中說(shuō)謊的比例竟高達(dá)37%。確定漢考克的研究關(guān)注的是人們?cè)诓煌浇橄碌恼\(chéng)實(shí)度，D選項(xiàng)‘使用不同通訊媒介時(shí)人們的誠(chéng)實(shí)度‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’各種媒介撒謊的后果‘，文章沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)‘人們?cè)谶x擇通訊技術(shù)方面的偏好’，文章沒(méi)有提到，B選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)代通訊技術(shù)在表達(dá)思想方面所取得的成功’，文章只提到通訊技術(shù)，沒(méi)有提及其在表達(dá)方面的成功信息，所以排除，

2.根據(jù)第五段第一句話：Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall...：人們?cè)诎l(fā)送即時(shí)消息或是打電話等實(shí)時(shí)交流時(shí)更容易說(shuō)謊。A選項(xiàng)‘人們很少在實(shí)時(shí)交流中說(shuō)謊’錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三段第三句：Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchanges：另外一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)面交流時(shí)，更易于說(shuō)謊，B選項(xiàng)‘人們不太可能在面對(duì)面交流中說(shuō)謊’錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)電話交談時(shí)說(shuō)謊的幾率是兩倍。這是漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果，與題目所問(wèn)不符，錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二段最后一句告訴讀者漢考克教授發(fā)現(xiàn)用電子郵件交流時(shí)說(shuō)謊的比例最低，而用電話交流時(shí)比例最高。根據(jù)第三段：Hisresults...havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars...：一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)陔娮余]件中最易于說(shuō)謊，因此漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果令他們吃驚，所以C選項(xiàng)‘人們最有可能在電子郵件中說(shuō)謊‘符合題意。

3.根據(jù)第四段第二句：Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount：當(dāng)人們知道交流內(nèi)容日后可能被拿來(lái)與他們對(duì)證時(shí)，就不太敢說(shuō)謊了。這說(shuō)明人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄，所以A選項(xiàng)‘人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄‘正確。B選項(xiàng)‘他們相信誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的策略’、C選項(xiàng)‘運(yùn)用那些媒介時(shí)人們往往很輕松’文中都沒(méi)有提及，排除。根據(jù)第三段最后一句：peopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.人們?cè)谶M(jìn)行面對(duì)面的交流時(shí)說(shuō)的謊話會(huì)多一些，因?yàn)槲覀冏钌瞄L(zhǎng)于這種形式的交流，確定D選項(xiàng)‘在使用那些媒介時(shí)，人們更老練?！c題目的意思相反，排除。

4.A選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以直接與顧客交談’。C選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以給顧客留下值得信任的印象’。D選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以有效地傳遞即時(shí)信息’。這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文章未提及。排除。根據(jù)第六段第二句：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介，因?yàn)樵诖螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞，確定B選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以放松地夸大其詞?！_。

5.根據(jù)最后一段：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介。因?yàn)榇螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞。但考慮到結(jié)果，注重誠(chéng)信的工作業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定最好還是通過(guò)電子郵件開(kāi)展。確定C選項(xiàng)‘為了不同的交際目的，可以選擇不同的媒介形式’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘人際交流中應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)誠(chéng)實(shí)’、B選項(xiàng)‘更多的雇主會(huì)使用電子郵件與員工交流’、D選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)在電子郵件是公司內(nèi)主要的交流媒介’與原文不符，排除。

6.單選題

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域馬克斯?普朗克沒(méi)有做出重大貢獻(xiàn)？

A.Optics.A.光學(xué)。

B.Thermodynamics.B.熱力學(xué)。

C.Statisticalmechanics.C.統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)。

D.Biology.D.生物學(xué)。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四句“普朗克一生都在光學(xué)、熱力學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)、物理化學(xué)等領(lǐng)域做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)”，從中可知，普朗克在光學(xué)、熱力學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)、物理化學(xué)等都有涉及，只有D項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)”沒(méi)有提到。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“光學(xué)”、B項(xiàng)“熱力學(xué)”和C項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)”都在原文提及，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means______.2.文中下劃線的“revolutionary”一詞的意思是______。

A.dangerousA.危險(xiǎn)的

B.extremistB.極端主義的

C.momentousC.重要的，重大的

D.militaristD.軍國(guó)主義的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章倒數(shù)第五句“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但他的revolutionary量子理論的全部結(jié)果卻在數(shù)年之后才被承認(rèn)”，結(jié)合第一句提到“普朗克是量子理論的創(chuàng)始人”，所以推測(cè)revolutionary是褒義詞，而revolutionary的名詞形式為revolution（革命），由此推斷revolutionary應(yīng)該指“具有革命意義的”；只有C項(xiàng)“重要的，重大的”意思與之相近。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)的”和B項(xiàng)“極端主義的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“軍國(guó)主義的”，量子理論和物理相關(guān)，并非軍事，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?3.從這篇文章中可以推斷出，普朗克的工作導(dǎo)致了以下哪一項(xiàng)的發(fā)展？

A.Therocket.A.火箭。

B.Theatomicbomb.B.原子彈。

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.C.內(nèi)燃機(jī)。

D.Thecomputer.D.計(jì)算機(jī)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第二句“他的工作幫助開(kāi)創(chuàng)了理論物理學(xué)的新紀(jì)元，并徹底改變了科學(xué)界對(duì)原子和亞原子過(guò)程的理解（atomicandsubatomicprocesses）”，可知普朗克的工作改變了對(duì)原子和亞原子過(guò)程的理解，這也就是說(shuō)他促進(jìn)了原子彈的發(fā)展。B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“火箭”、C項(xiàng)“內(nèi)燃機(jī)”和D項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)”都沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat______.4.這篇文章的意思是______。

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheoryA.只有德國(guó)物理學(xué)家才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的理論

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformulaB.引領(lǐng)20世紀(jì)物理學(xué)發(fā)展的量子理論，基本上是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)方程

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900C.普朗克常數(shù)在1900年以前是無(wú)法識(shí)別的

D.radiationwashardtostudyD.輻射很難研究

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章的第三和第四句“普朗克提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致量子理論的產(chǎn)生，該理論成為20世紀(jì)物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。1900年12月，普朗克推導(dǎo)出一個(gè)方程（anequation），精確地描述了輻射在低頻到高頻范圍內(nèi)的分布?！保瑥闹锌芍?，普朗克的量子理論是20世紀(jì)物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)，而這個(gè)量子理論可以用一個(gè)方程推導(dǎo)，這也就是說(shuō)，量子理論基本上是一個(gè)方程，B項(xiàng)符合題意。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“只有德國(guó)物理學(xué)家才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的理論”中的only表述太絕對(duì)，曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“普朗克常數(shù)在1900年以前是無(wú)法識(shí)別的”，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第五句的描述“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但他的革命性量子理論的全部結(jié)果卻在數(shù)年之后才被承認(rèn)”，可知這里是說(shuō)普朗克的量子理論在1900年宣布以后，過(guò)了數(shù)年才被承認(rèn)，并沒(méi)有提到普朗克常數(shù)，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“輻射很難研究”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，輻射可以被精確地描述，所以該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

TheTacoma'sexecutivedirectorandthreeportcommissionerswillbeinChinanextweekto_______advicefromworldportexpertsonimprovinginlandtransportationsystems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminate

B.disperse

C.differentiate

D.glean

【答案】D

【解析】discriminate歧視,區(qū)別；disperse（使）分散,疏散；differentiate區(qū)別,區(qū)分;glean收集。句意：塔科馬港執(zhí)行董事和三名港務(wù)專員將于下周訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，聽(tīng)取世界港口專家關(guān)于改善內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的建議。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Basicresearchisthecuttingofpathsthroughtheunknown.Asmostofusknowtoday,itisthepacesetterfortechnologyandtherawmaterialofinvention.

Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical,andthatonlywhenitbecomesamatterofindustrialdevelopmentdoesit“comedowntoearth.”Thisisafalsenotionanditsfalsitybecomesincreasinglyclearwithtime.Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.Notonlyarewefindingimportanttechnologicalapplicationformathematicalandscientificknowledgewhichwasformerlythoughtofasabstractand"useless,buttheadvanceoftechnologyhasbothgeneratednewproblemsinpurescienceandprovidednewtoolswithwhichsuchsciencecanbeadvancedmoreeffectively.Thedevelopmentofthetechniquesandhardwareforradarduringthewar,forexample,gavethephysicistandthechemistanewandrefinedtoolforinvestigatingthepropertiesofsolidsandofchemicalcompounds.Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.Similarly,thedevelopmentoflarge-scaleelectroniccomputershasledengineerstofindpracticalusesforsomeofthemost,abstruseand"impractical"branchesofhighermathematics,whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.Basicandappliedsciencetodayaredistinguishedlessbymethodandcontentthanbymotivation.Veryoftenindeed,thesamemancanbeboth“purescientist”and“engineer”asheworksondifferentproblemsorondifferentpartsofoneproblem.

Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.

Ifgraduateeducationaimsatmakingscientists,andifinquiryintowhatisunknownisthemovingprincipleofallscience,itisnotsurprisingthatexperienceofthiskindofinquiryshouldbeessentialingraduateeducation.Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”.

Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.Fromthepointofviewofthegraduatestudent,theteachingandtheresearchofhisprofessor-areatthecrucialpointwhichdefinesthewhole,uniteD.Whathelearnsisnotoppositefromresearch;itisresearch.Ofcoursemanynecessarypartsofascientist'seducationhavelittletodowithresearch,andobviously,also,formanyprofessorstheremustbeagapbetweenteachingastandardgraduatecourseandworkingatone'sownproblems.Moreover,manygoodteachersmenwhokeepupwiththenewworkintheirsubjectandcommunicateitsmeaningclearlytotheirstudentsarenotthemselvesengagedinresearch.Yetweinsistonthecentralpoint,thewould-bescientistmustlearnwhatitisliketodoscience,andthiswhichisresearchisthemostimportantthinghecanbe“taught”.

Sofarwehavebeenarguingthatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.Whathappenswhenweturnthematteraround,andaskwhetherbasicresearchmustbecarriedononlyinconjunctionwithgraduateeducation?Heretheanswercannotbesocategorical.Thoughourgeneralconvictionisthatafundamentallyreciprocalrelationdoesexist,itisclearthatresearchofoutstandingqualityisoftencarriedoninisolationfromreachingandindeedquite,outsidetheuniversities.Whilethegreat,teacherofgraduatestudentsisalmostinvariablyaresearchmantoo,therearemanynotablescientistswhohaveaslittleaspossibletodowithteaching.First-rateindustrialandgovernmentallaboratorieswithcommitmentstospecificprogramsarenecessarilyseparatedinsomemeasurefromteachingofaconventionalsort.Thus,basicresearchcanbecarriedonwithoutmuchconnectiontograduateeducation.

Yetinthelongrunitisdangeroustoseparateresearchinanyfieldentirelyfromeducation.Thepoolofgraduatestudentsinouruniversitiesisthepoolfromwhichthescientistofthefuturemustcome.Theseyoungpeopledonoteasilystudywhatisnottaught;theydonotoftenlearnthemeaningofresearchwhichdoesnotexistintheirenvironment.Ascientificfieldwhichhasnoresearchlifeintheuniversitiesisatagravedisadvantageinrecruitingnewmembers.Aslearningandteachingrequireresearch,soresearch,intheend,cannotbesustainedwithoutteaching.Henceitisalwaysimportantforresearchinstallationstomaintaineffectiveconnectionswithstudents.

Thereisalsothefactthatinthewidersenseall-rate-researchlaboratoriesarepermeatedbyanatmosphereoflearning.Successfulresearchcanbedefined,indeed,aslearningwhathasnotbeentaughtbefore,andagoodscientistisconstantlylearningfromothers.Webelievethatresearch,learningandteachingaredeeplyconnectedprocesseswhichshouldkepttogetherwhereverpossible.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,basicresearch（）.

2.Ourscientificageischaracterizedby（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ascientistisone（）.

4.Indiscussingtherelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducationtheauthorthink（）.

5.Anapprenticescientistlearnsbetterinanatmosphereofresearchworkbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isaimedatunderstandingandtherefore,isbasicallyabstractandtheoretical.

B.hasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics

C.givesusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalsocialsystems.

D.issometimeshardtodistinguishfromappliedscience.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thevanishingofbarriersbetweenpureandappliedsciences

B.thedisappearanceofdifferencesbetweenpureandappliedsciences

C.practicalapplicationsofsomeofthemostabstractandImpracticalbranchesscience

D.theinventionofnewandrefinedtoolsforinvestigationandresearch

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoisabletoparticipateinbasicresearchandworkontheunsolvedproblems

B.whoisabletodevelophisabilitiesinsolvingproblems

C.whoiscompetenttoshowtheprocessofresearchtoothers

D.whoiscapableofdoingallabove-mentioned

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasuponteaching.

B.thatgraduatestudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkataresearchproblem

C.thatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch

D.thatgraduateeducationandresearchareinseparableanddependoneachother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.graduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.

B.manyprofessorsareengagedinresearchandthisisthemostimportantthingtheyteach.

C.whenapersonisdoingresearchhehasabetterunderstandingofthesubjecthelearningandthus,theeffectivenessisincreased

D.theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogethereverypossiblelevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical.”中文翻譯為：因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)研究旨在理解而不是實(shí)際結(jié)果，所以，外行有時(shí)認(rèn)為它完全是抽象的和理論性的?？芍狝選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.”中文翻譯為：相反，在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)中廣泛使用這一工具，為電子領(lǐng)域的全新技術(shù)開(kāi)辟了道路?！笨芍狟選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.”中文翻譯為：另一方面，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的理解使我們對(duì)復(fù)雜的生物和社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的某些方面有了更深入的了解?？芍狢選項(xiàng)符合作者觀點(diǎn)；根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.”中文翻譯為：事實(shí)上，我們這個(gè)科學(xué)時(shí)代的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，純科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了。障礙消失不代表很難將基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間區(qū)分開(kāi)，故排除D選項(xiàng)。因此答案為C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞scientificage可定位到文章“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience”，中文翻譯為：事實(shí)上，我們這個(gè)科學(xué)時(shí)代的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，純科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了。因此A項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文“Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.”，中文翻譯為：根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們可以說(shuō)他是適合于基礎(chǔ)研究、自主學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)并攻擊尚未解決的重大問(wèn)題，而且向他人展示這一過(guò)程的本質(zhì)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，科學(xué)家會(huì)在科學(xué)進(jìn)步中奉獻(xiàn)一生并且盡最大能力去完成。因此，最佳答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞therelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation可以定位到原文“Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過(guò)程和基礎(chǔ)研究的過(guò)程是各方面的共同努力。這兩種活動(dòng)在各種情況下相互加強(qiáng)，每一種活動(dòng)在沒(méi)有對(duì)方的情況下都會(huì)被削弱。以及“Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過(guò)程就像“教學(xué)”一樣依賴于研究。事實(shí)上，兩者本質(zhì)上是不可分割的，它試圖把它們看作是不同或相反的活動(dòng)形式，這是一個(gè)根本性的錯(cuò)誤?？梢缘贸鯠項(xiàng)“研究生教育和研究是不可分割的并且互相依賴”為最佳答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文“Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.”，中文翻譯為：顯然，這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)最好是與其他已經(jīng)或正在擁有這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人一起獲得。當(dāng)科學(xué)家學(xué)徒在積極研究工作的氛圍中學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，他學(xué)得最好。在所有形式的科學(xué)工作中，當(dāng)一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的學(xué)科有了深入的理解，而只有在研究問(wèn)題上工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，他的效率才會(huì)成倍增加。因此，C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人在做研究時(shí)，他對(duì)他所學(xué)的學(xué)科有了更好的理解，從而提高了學(xué)習(xí)的有效性”正確。

9.單選題

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退己經(jīng)意味著工作保障是罕見(jiàn)的事情。

考查名詞辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保險(xiǎn);protection保護(hù)，防衛(wèi);secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

10.單選題

Coca-Cola,whichsold10billioncasesofsoftdrinksin1992,nowfindsitselfasking,wherewillsalesofthenext10billioncasescomefrom?Theanswerliesoverseas,whereincomelevelsandappetitesforWesternproductsareatanall-timehigh.Often,thecompanythatgetsintoaforeignmarketearliestdominatesthatcountry’smarket.CokepatriarchRobertWoodruffrealizedthisandunleashedabrilliantploytomakeCoketheearlybirdinmanyofthemajorforeignmarkets.AttheheightofWorldWar11,Woodruffproclaimed,“WhereverAmericanboyswerefighting,they’dbeabletogetaCoke.”BythetimePepsitriedtomakeitsfirstinternationalpitchinthe1950s,Cokehadestablisheditsbrandnamealongwithapowerfuldistributionnetwork.Duringthelast40years,manynewmarketshaveemerged.Inordertotapintotheseopportunities,bothCokeandPepsihaveattemptedtofindway