考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，明亮的”；audible“聽得見的”；amplified“放大的，擴(kuò)充的”。句意：我買了一個(gè)帶有發(fā)光鐘面的鬧鐘，這樣在黑暗中也能看清時(shí)間了。由后半句句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thealliessufferedlessthan20（

）whileenemylossesweresaidtobehigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.casualties

B.consequences

C.calamities

D.severities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。casualty意為“(戰(zhàn)爭或事故的)傷員，傷亡”；consequence意為“結(jié)果，后果”；calamity意為“災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難”；severity意為“嚴(yán)重”。

句意：同盟國遭受傷亡的人數(shù)不到20，而敵人的傷亡據(jù)說很高。

3.單選題

ThesmallJacksonisnot（

）now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificent

B.prominent

C.dominant

D.significant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。magnificent意為“壯麗的，宏偉的”；prominent意為“突出的，杰出的”；dominant意為“占優(yōu)勢的”；significant意為“重要的”。

句意：小杰克遜現(xiàn)在還不出名，但總有一天他會(huì)出名的。

4.單選題

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea（）visittotheirs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。Bilateral“雙邊的、雙方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相應(yīng)的”，considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”，rewarding“有益的”。句意：11月份美國學(xué)生來我校參觀，我們也要參觀他們的學(xué)校。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transitions“過度，轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”C選項(xiàng)exchanges“交換，交易所”；D選項(xiàng)fluctuations“波動(dòng)，變化”。句意：氣溫的變化讓我們難以決定該穿什么。這里根據(jù)句意答案選D。A選項(xiàng)指從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，Weneedtoensureasmoothtransitionbetweentheoldsystemandthenewone.（我們得確保新舊制度間的平穩(wěn)過渡），本句指的是溫度的變化沒有提到從冷到熱或者從熱到冷這一對具有明顯反義的詞出現(xiàn)，所以不能選。B、C選項(xiàng)帶入文中不符合題意。

6.單選題

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生皺著眉頭，……那個(gè)他要做的手術(shù)。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“決定不”；goonwith“繼續(xù)”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根據(jù)“withhisbrowsknitted”可知醫(yī)生正在思考，因此劃線單詞的意思是“沉思”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。introduce改為introduced。謂語動(dòng)詞為denied,是一般過去時(shí),因此A項(xiàng)定語從句中的動(dòng)詞Introduce也應(yīng)該用過去式。

8.單選題

It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.obtain

C.derive

D.result

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。derivefrom“源于，來自”；resultfrom“由…造成”；句意：許多受歡迎的短語實(shí)際上來自圣經(jīng)。C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Themotherreallytookprideinherson,a（）artistwhohadalreadyheldseveralnationalexhibitions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.perspective

C.descriptive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”；C選項(xiàng)descriptive“描述性的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“局部的，偏袒的”。句意：這位母親真的為自己的兒子感到驕傲，因?yàn)樗麅鹤游磥頃?huì)是一位藝術(shù)家，已經(jīng)舉辦過好幾次全國性的展覽?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容都是描述兒子的，從舉辦過好幾次展覽可知兒子最有可能成為未來的一位藝術(shù)家，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.填空題

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】逗號(hào)前為完整的句子，橫線所在內(nèi)容應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)前說到借貸更加昂貴，后面說______人們購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目，可知前者打擊后者積極性，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，一方面動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在分詞，一方面動(dòng)詞discourage的意思為“使灰心，使泄氣”，符合題意。因此此處應(yīng)為discourage的現(xiàn)在分詞discouraging。

【句意】利率更高讓借貸更加昂貴，使人們不愿購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目。

11.單選題

（

）theaccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】句意:要不是這個(gè)事故，他們會(huì)更早地到達(dá)。

考查短語辨析。exceptfor除了……以外;butfor要不是;besides此外，而且;savefor除…之外。句子后半句“theywouldhavearrivedearlier”為對過去的虛擬,那次推測空格處應(yīng)該表示“要不是”。

12.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration頭韻；clause從句；（法律文件等的）條款;assertion主張,斷言。句意:在陪審團(tuán)面前,他重申自己無罪的。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈從于……,使隸屬;file把……歸檔,提出(申請等);commit犯罪,做錯(cuò)事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在這起70輛汽車連環(huán)相撞事件發(fā)生后,預(yù)計(jì)將對司機(jī)、貨運(yùn)公司和幾家州政府機(jī)構(gòu)提起一系列訴訟,指控他們玩忽職守和過失殺人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起訴。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.翻譯題

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincreaseinmodernsociety,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itisveryhardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovideonewithmotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives,weneedtofindwaystodealwithitinordertostayhealthyinmindandbody.

【答案】隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活節(jié)奏的不斷加快，我們正在迅速失去放松的藝術(shù)。一旦你習(xí)慣了匆匆忙忙的生活，從早到晚忙個(gè)不停，就很難慢下來。但是放松對健康的身心是必不可少的。壓力是日常生活中無法避免的一部分。實(shí)際上，有壓力并不是人們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為的壞事。一定的壓力會(huì)給人的生活提供動(dòng)力，讓人有生活的目標(biāo)，所以是必不可少的。只有當(dāng)壓力失控時(shí)它才可能導(dǎo)致人們表現(xiàn)不佳，身體不好。既然我們在生活中無法擺脫壓力，我們就需要找到辦法來應(yīng)對它，才能在身體和心理上保持健康。

16.單選題

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hairgrip“發(fā)夾”；B選項(xiàng)hairpiece“假發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)hairline“發(fā)際線，極細(xì)的線，細(xì)縫”；D選項(xiàng)hairstyle“發(fā)型”。hairlinefracture是一醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語，“骨裂”，即一種如頭發(fā)般的單處骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.對一個(gè)董事來說，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要將他在參與公司經(jīng)營期間積累了一定價(jià)值的股份變現(xiàn)。

2.雖然乍一看，這項(xiàng)立法似乎阻礙了原本可能簡單的程序，但它實(shí)際上是為了在促進(jìn)購買的同時(shí)保護(hù)債權(quán)人（就公司法而言）的權(quán)利。

3.通常情況下，一個(gè)公司不能購買自己的股份，因?yàn)檫@樣做是獲得自己的所有權(quán)，這違反了關(guān)于公司的性質(zhì)和存在的最基本的法律原則。

4.從本質(zhì)上來說，只要一家公司的組織大綱和章程允許它這樣做，任何公司現(xiàn)在都可以收購自己的股份（前提是至少還有一股剩下）。

5.盡管這種購買通常必須用新發(fā)行的股票和（或）可分配利潤的收益進(jìn)行，但對私營公司來說，也存在可以用資本購買的重要規(guī)定。

18.單選題

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。無論三個(gè)姐妹你選擇哪一個(gè)結(jié)婚，你都將擁有一個(gè)好妻子。A選項(xiàng)whichever“無論哪一個(gè)”，B選項(xiàng)which，“哪個(gè)”，C選項(xiàng)whatever“無論什么”，D選項(xiàng)any“任何的”，C選項(xiàng)whichever，“不論哪個(gè)”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhich，其意為“無論哪個(gè)”“不管哪個(gè)”，在句中充當(dāng)定語或者賓語，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.無論你選哪個(gè)，都會(huì)冒犯其余的人。D選項(xiàng)any不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句意：不論這三個(gè)姐姐你選哪一個(gè)結(jié)婚，你都將有一個(gè)好妻子。綜上所述，本題選A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.填空題

Peopleareoften（1）whentheyseethatIhavefiveumbrellasintheroom.Thetruthisthattheyaren’tallmine.Severalvisitorshave（2）umbrellasintheoffice.Idon'tknowwhythis（3）

happening.MaybeIshouldputupa（4）bythedoorremindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo.

大意:當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候，通常會(huì)感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨傘都是我的。很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。我不知道為什么一直會(huì)這樣。也許，我應(yīng)該在門口貼張便利貼，以提醒他們走的時(shí)候帶上雨傘。

【答案】1.puzzled

2.left

3.keeps

4.note

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)句中“當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候”推測,主句部分為:人們通常感到困惑。

2.詞匯題。句意:很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。而且此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即left。

3.詞匯題。句意:為什么這件事總在發(fā)生?？蘸鬄閔appening，因此填keep語義跟語法上都符合。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)后面的remindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo以及前面的putup推測此處應(yīng)填note(便利貼)。

20.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每個(gè)冰晶的核心都有一個(gè)極小的核”選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.簡單的雪花有各種美麗的形狀，通常是六角形的，盡管雪花在大多數(shù)顯微鏡圖像下再生的形狀是對稱的，但通常在實(shí)際的降雪過程中卻不是這樣的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)C表述不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A中“plenty”不準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該是“constant”；選項(xiàng)B中的溫度在文中沒有涉及；選項(xiàng)C與題干無關(guān)；只有選項(xiàng)D正確，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)上一題的分析“如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

21.單選題

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Earlyinthe20thcentury,NewZealandadoptedanationalno-faultworkerscompensationscheme,replacingtortlawforindustrialaccidentswhileleavingtherestofitintact.Italsomandatedtortliabilityinsuranceagainstautoaccidents.Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

In1967,thecommissionpublishedtheWoodhouseReport(namedafterthejusticewholedtheeffort).Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”unpredictabledamageawards,andhightransactioncosts(amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime).Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally(notjustworkplaceaccidents),onethatithopedwouldbedesignedtoprovidewagelossbenefitsroughlymatchingpre-injuryearningsandadditionalbenefitsforpermanentbodilyimpairment,whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention,victimrehabilitation,andadministrativeefficiency.

In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.Itenjoyedbipartisansupportandpassedquiteeasily-afactthatwillastonishanyAmericanlawyerobservingtheendlessstrugglesovereventhemildesttortreformsintheU.S.Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974.

Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.ThenewsystemwasnotthecomprehensiveabolitionoftortthattheWoodhouseReporthadproposed.Rather,itlimitedno-faultcoveragetomotorvehicle-relatedinjuriesandtowage-earners’injuries(whetherworkrelatedornot).Butthegovernmentsubsequentlyexpandedthesystemtocovervirtuallyallaccidentalinjuriesandtoconferverybroadbenefitsforvictims.NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.

67.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutthecommissionisNOTtrue?

68.TheWoodhouseReportcontainedthefollowingBUT___.

69.WhichstatementabouttheAccidentCompensationActistrue?

70.TheNewZealandersattitudetowardsthenewtortsystemwas___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasestablishedin1960.

B.Itwasauthorizedtoexplorepossiblereformstotheworkerscompensationsystem.

C.Itdecidedtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

D.Itwasaroyalcommission.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.criticizingthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality”

B.propositionaboutacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationscheme

C.accidentprevention

D.muchlowercoststhanthecomparablecostsinU.S.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItbecameeffectiveinApril1973.

B.TheNationalPartygovernmentwasagainsttheAct.

C.TheJusticeandLabourministriesactivelypromotedtheAct.

D.TheActwasamendedin1973beforeitbecameeffective.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.supportivefromtheverybeginning

B.representedbyasmallgroupofdedicatedreformers

C.firstunconcerned,thenbecameproudofit

D.representedbytheinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】67.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thecommission”定位到原文第一段Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.（20世紀(jì)60年代，新西蘭成立了一個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)，探討對其工人薪酬制度可能進(jìn)行的改革）可知這個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)是在20世紀(jì)60年代（指1960~1969）成立，無法判斷是否成立于1960年，A選項(xiàng)“它成立于1960年”陳述和原文不符，B選項(xiàng)“它被授權(quán)探索對工人補(bǔ)償制度進(jìn)行可能的改革”以及D選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)”符合原文；第一段Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.（正如這些機(jī)構(gòu)有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生的那樣，它決定不受其職權(quán)范圍的限制，而是更廣泛地審查侵權(quán)制度）可知C選項(xiàng)“它決定更廣泛地審查侵權(quán)制度”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheWoodhouseReport”定位到原文第二段amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime（相當(dāng)于總制度成本的40%以上，遠(yuǎn)低于美國石棉訴訟中的可比成本）可知D選項(xiàng)“比美國的可比成本低得多”所提到的范圍比原文所提及的“遠(yuǎn)低于美國石棉訴訟中的可比成本”大得多，D選項(xiàng)對比原文有誤；第二段Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”（它嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)了基于過錯(cuò)的侵權(quán)制度的“虛假道德”）可知A選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)基于過錯(cuò)的侵權(quán)制度的‘虛假道德’”符合原文；第二段Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally…whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention…（報(bào)告提出了一個(gè)全面的人身傷害無過錯(cuò)賠償計(jì)劃……同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了事故預(yù)防……）可知B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于全面無故障補(bǔ)償方案的提議”和C選項(xiàng)“事故預(yù)防”符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.（1972年，國家黨政府，其司法部和勞動(dòng)部一直在積極推動(dòng)委員會(huì)和伍德豪斯報(bào)告，推動(dòng)通過了事故賠償法）可知C選項(xiàng)“司法部和勞工部積極推動(dòng)該法”符合原文，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“國家黨政府反對該法案”和原文相悖；第三段Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974（新工黨政府于1973年修訂了這項(xiàng)法案，將事故納入非工薪階層，該法案于1974年4月生效）可知法案生效于1974年4月，A選項(xiàng)“1973年4月生效”和D選項(xiàng)“該法案在1973年生效前進(jìn)行了修正”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

70.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheNewZealanders”定位到原文第四段Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.（更令人驚訝的是，公眾并沒有要求新系統(tǒng)）可知新西蘭人最開始并沒有支持新的侵權(quán)制度，而是不關(guān)心，A選項(xiàng)“從一開始就支持”不符合原文，結(jié)合第四段最后一句NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.（今天的新西蘭人普遍認(rèn)為他們的制度（撇開一些有爭議的細(xì)節(jié)不談）是他們社會(huì)政策的支柱）可知起初不關(guān)心的新西蘭人們現(xiàn)在覺得自豪，選C選項(xiàng)“起初不關(guān)心，后來變得自豪”；第四段Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.（相反，據(jù)杰弗里帕爾默說，這是一個(gè)由有影響力和聲望的法官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的致力于改革的小團(tuán)體的杰作）可知B選項(xiàng)“由一小群獻(xiàn)身的改革者代表”并不是新西蘭民眾的態(tài)度，原文只是說明這個(gè)制度是由有影響力和聲望的法官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的致力于改革的小團(tuán)體的杰作；第四段Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.（當(dāng)反對改革的主要團(tuán)體——保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、律師協(xié)會(huì)和工會(huì)——在政治上變得軟弱和支離破碎時(shí)，改革取得了成功）可知保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、律師協(xié)會(huì)和工會(huì)是反對改革的主要群體，并不是新西蘭人對新的侵權(quán)制度的態(tài)度，也不能算新西蘭人對這一制度的代表態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“以保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)、律師和工會(huì)為代表”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favored“有利的；收到優(yōu)待的”；favorable“有利的；贊許的”；favorite“最喜愛的”；favoring“順利的；有幫助的”。句意：我們一直在聽……你工作的報(bào)道。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe（

）Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parental

B.Maternal

C.Fraternal

D.Paternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Parental“父母的”；B選項(xiàng)Maternal“母親的”；C選項(xiàng)Fraternal“兄弟的”；D選項(xiàng)Paternal“父親的”句意：隨著護(hù)理工作變得越來越復(fù)雜，這種感覺也變得溫和了一些。我們進(jìn)入了所謂的“……期”，醫(yī)生就像一位父親，知道什么對他的病人是最好的。根據(jù)后面句意可知D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesfor