計(jì)算機(jī)英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

.2指令指令系統(tǒng)，指令集處理器操作，操作碼，操作指令1.2指令指令系統(tǒng)，指令集處理器操作，操作碼，操作指令操作數(shù)寄存器時(shí)鐘兆赫控制器，控制部件譯碼，解碼算術(shù)/邏輯部件字長(zhǎng)機(jī)器語言1.1計(jì)算機(jī)信息處理硬件軟件程序通用計(jì)算機(jī)專用計(jì)算機(jī)指令指令集，指令系統(tǒng)輸入設(shè)備輸出設(shè)備輸入/輸出主存儲(chǔ)器中央處理器總線微型計(jì)算機(jī)小型計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī)臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)磁盤數(shù)字視盤光盤只讀存儲(chǔ)器鍵盤鼠標(biāo)聲頻的，聲音的i接口外圍，外圍設(shè)備監(jiān)視，監(jiān)視器復(fù)位1.31.3存儲(chǔ)器層次結(jié)構(gòu)高速緩沖存儲(chǔ)器，高速緩存芯片單片高速緩存硅片磁盤主存儲(chǔ)器頁式虛擬存儲(chǔ)器隨機(jī)（訪問）存儲(chǔ)器只讀存儲(chǔ)器引導(dǎo)，啟動(dòng)，自舉只讀光盤磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器軟磁盤一次寫，多次讀磁帶寄存器組潛伏時(shí)間，等待時(shí)間頁幀實(shí)存儲(chǔ)器動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器基準(zhǔn)測(cè)試程序易天性激光存儲(chǔ)器1.41.4等待時(shí)間相關(guān)，相干帶寬直接存儲(chǔ)器存取調(diào)制解調(diào)器信道，同道硬盤輸入輸出系統(tǒng)代碼轉(zhuǎn)換緩沖程序控制累加器協(xié)處理器外圍，外圍設(shè)備存儲(chǔ)器映射I/O中斷位模式通路，路徑裝入，加載多處理器同步化1.5總線同步的異步的分散式（的）分布式（的）優(yōu)先級(jí)菊花鏈輪詢外圍部件互連（總線）適配器定時(shí)，同步專用總線通用總線共享（頻）帶寬（度）2.1作業(yè)管理資源管理作業(yè)隊(duì)列輸入輸出控制系統(tǒng)批處理系統(tǒng)分時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)脫機(jī)操作實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)緩沖技術(shù)假脫機(jī)系統(tǒng)多道程序設(shè)計(jì)2.3一種計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)并發(fā)地終端多用戶多任務(wù)作業(yè)內(nèi)核接口程序設(shè)計(jì)（編程）語言后臺(tái)系統(tǒng)調(diào)用解釋程序文件重定向設(shè)備無關(guān)的外殼（程序）、命令解釋程序公用授權(quán)協(xié)議以Linux命名的操作系統(tǒng)源代碼可移植的UNIX系統(tǒng)一個(gè)自由軟件組織4.1計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)議開放系統(tǒng)互連參考模型傳輸控制協(xié)議/互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議信道幀分組，包報(bào)文，消息無連接的面向連接的用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)通信資源共享數(shù)據(jù)格式分層次的物理媒體（介質(zhì)）國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織)（美國）國防部行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳輸層，運(yùn)輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層應(yīng)用層端對(duì)端，終點(diǎn)到終點(diǎn)字節(jié)流虛擬終端4.2局域網(wǎng)客戶服務(wù)器(方式)對(duì)等(方式)集線器交換機(jī)拓?fù)?結(jié)構(gòu))星型拓?fù)湟蕴?局域)網(wǎng)隨機(jī)地載波偵聽多路訪問/沖突檢測(cè)非屏蔽雙絞線同軸電纜網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡(網(wǎng)卡)多端口網(wǎng)橋路由器專用集成電路千兆位以太網(wǎng)光纖光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口異步轉(zhuǎn)移(傳輸)模式無線局域網(wǎng)工業(yè)、科學(xué)和醫(yī)藥頻段跳頻擴(kuò)頻直序擴(kuò)頻碼分多址媒體訪問控制)無線應(yīng)用協(xié)議蜂窩電話尋呼機(jī)無線網(wǎng)橋租用線4.3廣域網(wǎng)分組交換網(wǎng)優(yōu)先級(jí)代碼源地址目的地址數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)虛電路交換式虛電路永久式虛電路多路復(fù)用租用線(路)網(wǎng)幀中繼客戶設(shè)備接入線端口路由，路徑主干網(wǎng),骨干網(wǎng)干線,[局內(nèi)]中繼線,信息通路7.1程序設(shè)計(jì)語言指令操作碼操作數(shù)助記的符號(hào)地址匯編程序，匯編器源程序目標(biāo)程序高級(jí)語言宏指令編譯程序，編譯器選擇結(jié)構(gòu)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)機(jī)器語言編址，尋址7.3結(jié)構(gòu)化語言面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)編譯器（程序）類可視化C++一種面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語言包裝，封裝數(shù)據(jù)隱藏繼承性多態(tài)性可移植的美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)會(huì)超類框架，構(gòu)架，架構(gòu)平臺(tái)運(yùn)行時(shí)間，運(yùn)行時(shí)，運(yùn)行期公共語言運(yùn)行時(shí)公共語言規(guī)范庫NET架構(gòu)類庫圖形用戶接口積木式部件8.2需求分析背景研究商業(yè)，事業(yè)，事務(wù)記賬系統(tǒng)，會(huì)計(jì)制表系統(tǒng)記賬服務(wù)（程序）（軟件）包可行性背景，后臺(tái)8.3軟件設(shè)計(jì)流程圖設(shè)計(jì)描述語言程序設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)文件結(jié)構(gòu)軟件測(cè)試編碼數(shù)據(jù)流程圖案例算法數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)模塊測(cè)試單元測(cè)試邊界條件綜合測(cè)試，集成測(cè)試功能測(cè)試性能測(cè)試調(diào)試，排錯(cuò)程序模塊8.4軟件維護(hù)遠(yuǎn)程通信協(xié)議環(huán)境交換模式(自)適應(yīng)，適配升級(jí)，提高改型，變形，修改預(yù)算進(jìn)化清晰度，明確（性）模塊性，積木性源代碼交叉參考配置多選（10分作業(yè)原題）1.3(1)Cacheisa.fastb.Slowc.relativelysmalld.highcost(2)InformationstoredinsemiconductorRAMis.a.permanentb.Nonpermanenc.volatiled.nonvolatile(3)Weusepagedvirtualmemoryto.a.extendthesizeofmemoryb.increasebandwidthofthediskc.reducelatencyofthediskd.storelargeprogramanddataset(4)Wereaddataonthediskby.a.detectingthemagnetizedspotsrandomlyb.writingthemagnetizedspotsc.detectingthemagnetizedspotssequentiallyd.movingtheread/writehead(5)Thethreedesiderataofmemorysystemare.a.independentb.exclusivec.closelyapproximatedtodayd.lessapproximatedtomorrow(6)Theprocessorperformancewouldbehighaswereferenceinstructionsanddatafromb,d.a.harddiskb.Cachec.floppydiskd.memory(7)Pageframeisusedina.realmemoryb.virtualmemoryc.diskd.cache(8)Inordertoincreaseourcomputer’sperformanceweneedto,a.haveaL2cacheb.buyaL2cachc.haveamuchlargermainmemoryd.buyaL1cache4.31.AWideAreaNetworkcan..a.coverawidegeographicalareab.linktwoormoreLANsc.linktwoLANsonlyd.becreatedbyindividualusers2.AccordingtotheflowofinformationonatransmissionfacilitywecancategorizeWANIntoa,b,dnetwork.a.circuitswitchedb.packetswitchec.localaread.Leased.line3.Inpacketswitchednetworksdatasendin.a.byteb.Piecesc.framed.packet4.Themostimportantitemscontainedinapacketshouldbe.a.datatobetransmittedb.headerofthepackec.tailofthepacketd.date5.Thepopularapproachesweusedinthepacketswitchednetworkare.a.circuitswitchingb.datagramc.virtualcircuitd.realcircuit6.Inthedatagrammodewhendatagramsarriveattheirdestination,thedatagramsa.maybeoutoforderb.mustbeinorderc.shouldbereorderedd.maylose7.Inthevirtualcircuitmodeallpacketssentbyauseratatimebelongto.a.amessageb.asessionc.differentmessagesd.differentsessions8.Maincharacteristicsoftheleasedlinenetworksare.a.thelineisprivatefortheuserb.theuserhashimselfinter-exchangec.veryshortresponsetimed.theusercomputerisalwaysphysicallyconnectedtotheline9.Atypicalframerelaynetworkhas.a.sevencomponentsb.fivecomponentsc.sixcomponentsd.fivemajorphysicalcomponentsandone"virtual"components10.Routerhasthefollowingname.a.ARPANETb.IMP(InterfaceMessageProcessor)c.Gatewayd.IS(IntermediateSystem)11.InFig.4-6aroutercreatesalogicalpathbetweennetworks,thesenetworksinclude.a.FDDIb.TokenBusc.TokenRingd.Ethernet12.Encapsulationisusedherefordatadeliveringon.a.thecircuitswitchingb.thephysicalpathc.theanalogcircuitd.thelogicalpath7.31.Clanguagepossessesbestfeaturesof.a.astructuredhigh-levellanguageb.codingrelativelyeasyc.usingcomputerresourcesefficientlyd.anassemblylanguage2.C++includethefollowingpillars:.a.encapsulationb.datahidingc.inheritanced.polymorphism3.Encapsulationis.a.derivedfromdatahidingb.aself-containedunitc.usedtoaccomplishdatahidingd.SupportedbyC++4.ClassesinC++.a.areuser-definedtypesb.canbeusedtosupportencapsulationc.actasafullyencapsulatedentityd.canbeusedtosupportdatahiding5.Anewtypeininheritance.a.isasubclassb.canbederivedfromanexistingtypec.can’tbecalledaderivedtyped.canbedeclared6.PolymorphisminC++.a.meansthesamenametakingmanyformsb.supportsdifferentobjectsdo"therightthing"c.hasfunctionpolymorphismd.hasclasspolymorphism7.C++cedure-orientedc.extendedfromCd.asupersetofC8.Theactualinnerworkingsoftheclass.a.shouldnotbehiddenb.shouldbehiddenc.likea"blackbox"d.don’tlikea"blackbox"9.C#isa.ahybridofCandC++b.developedtocompeteindirectlywithSun’sJavalanguagec.designedtoimproveproductivityfordevelopingWebapplicationsd.asimplifiedandmoremodernversionofC++10.InC#thefollowingthingsarebelongtoobjects.a.Adatahavingsimplenumericaltypeb.windows,buttonsandsoonc."free-floating"functionsd.mainmethod11.C#nouncedas"Csharp"b.partofanintegratedapplicationdevelopmentframeworkc.OOfromthegroundupd.free12.MS’s.NETFvidesahighdegreeofinteroperabilitybetweenthelanguagesitsupports13.CLRis.a.anabbreviationofCommonLanguageRuntimeb.acoreelementofthe.NETFrameworkc.responsiblefortheruntimemanagementofaC#programd.responsibleforloadingyourC#program14..NETFrameworkcansupport.a.C#b.C++c.VBd.JavaScript15.CLSa.definesacommonsetoftypesb.supportssomelanguages,suchasC++,C#,VBandJScriptc.allowsdevelopertonon-seamlesslyintegrateC#codewithcodewritteninanyoftheother.NETlanguagesd.canguaranteeevery.NETlanguagetoberecognized16.FCL.videsalmostallofthecommonfunctionalityneededtodevelopapplicationsontheWindowsplatformc.canhelpyoutofindalotofprogrammingworkthathasalreadybeendoneforyoud.isanabbreviationof.NETFrameworkClassLibrary選詞填空（20分作業(yè)原題*20個(gè)）(1)Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemby(2)Theamountofeffectiveworkofacomputercanbeindicatedbydirectly.(3)Computersystemsconsistof.(4)Computerthatcansolveonlyonekindofproblemisa.(5)Computerthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblemsisa.(6)instructthehardware.(7)isdifficultandexpensivetochange.(8)Weusuallyshowthecomputercomponentsina.a.generalpurposemachineb.hardwarec.acceptinginput,processingproblem,andproducingoutputd.blockdiagrame.softwaref.storagesizeg.specialpurposemachineh.hardwareandsoftware1.2(1)Weusuallycallourcomputers.(2)Aninstructionsetcansometimesbereferredtoas.(3)Thebinarylanguageiscalledi.(4)Wedon’tconfusetheprocessor’sinstructionsetwiththeinstructionsof.(5)Aninstructionconsistsof.(6)Anoperandthatreferstodatainthememoryiscalledan.(7)Atimercangivepreciselytimed.(8)Aprocessorincludestwofunctionalunits,theyare.(9)Thewaysbywhichthecontrolunitworksareanalogousto.(10)Thecontrolunittakesoutthefrommemory.a.addressb.High-levelprogramminglanguagesc.instructionsd.machinese.electricalsignalsf.machineinstructionsg.atelephoneswitchboardwithintelligenceh.operationsandoperandsi.machinelanguagej.controlunitandALU1.3(1)Therearethreedesideratainthememorysystem,theyare.(2)EvenwiththehighspeedDRAMasrealmemory,thehighperformanceprocessorsstillhavetheproblem.(3)AmicrocomputerhasabuiltinROMchip,itiscalledsometimes.(4)ItemsstoredinRAMcanbeaccessedbotheasilyandin.(5)Magneticdiskhastwotypes,theyare.(6)CD-ROMisabbreviatedfrom.(7)detectsorwritesmagnetizedspotsontheironoxidecoatingofthetape.(8)ThelocationsofaRAMaremaintainedby.(9)TheclosestmemorytotheCPUiscalledas.(10)Theprocessoraddressesthediskwith.a.ROMBIOSb.thecontrolunitc.CompactDiskROMd.size,speedandcost.e.virtualmemoryf.anyorder(randomly)g.L1cacheh.latencyi.read/writeheadj.harddisksandfloppydisks2.1Bufferingcanoverlap.Operatingsystemsshouldmeetcertainspecificstandardsasmoderncomputerhardware’s.(3)Themaintaskofthejobmanagementis.(4)Inordertocreatethejobqueuetheoperatingsystemshould.(5)Ifmorethanonejobrequiretobeprocessedtheoperatingsystemshould.(6)Batchsystemsautomatejobsequencingbya.(7)allowedtheCPUtooverlaptheI/Ooperationwiththecomputation.(8)Timesharingcanbegotby.(9)areotheroperatingsystemtypes.(10)Tomonitorthedevicesbeingusedtheoperatingsystemestablishesatableinwhichprogramsarematchedagainst.4.21.Localareanetworkisanetworkthatconnects.2.MostLANsareofmode.3.SductdominatestheLANworldtoday.5.InLANwehavetwoaccessmethods,theyare.6.CSMA/CDstandsfor.7.The100Base-TEthernethasatopology.8.Switchesarebasicallymulti-port.9.Switchworkingatlayer2usestheaddress.10.Abridgecanwhichaddressresideoneachofitsports.11.Usingswitcheswecandividethenetworkintoanumberof.12.TheGigabitEthernetisdevelopedbasedonthesuccessesof.13.IEEE802.11standardusestechniques.14.IEEE802.11aisdesignedfor.15.WAPisusedforaccessingWebpagesby.a.starb.5GHzc.learnd.theclient-serverorpeer-to-peere.Ethernetandfiber-opticcommunicationsf.mobilephonesg.geographicallycloseresourcesh.Etherneti.segmentsj.CDMA,FHSSandDSSSk.randomlyorinadeterministicorderl.LANsm.MACn.CarrierSenseMultipleAccess/CollisionDetectiono.bridges5.1(1)isalargenetworkofInternetservers.(2)isthelargestglobalinternetworks.(3)isthelandmarkpacketswitchingnetwork.(4)GUIisabbreviatedfrom.(5)Manybusinesscorrespondencesaretransferredvia.(6)IEisproducedby.(7)WeaccessaWebpagebyusinga.(8)Wecanusethetosendorreceivearbitrarilylargefiles.(9)Manyleading-edgenetworktechnologiescomefrom.(10)isastandardterminalemulationprotocol.a.electronicmailb.Telnetc.WWWd.GraphicalUserInterfacee.Internetcommunityf.Internetg.URLh.Microsoftcorp.i.FTPj.ARPAnet閱讀（20分8.4通篇）翻譯（30分舊版本（可能））1.2Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofadding