初中動詞不定式

初中動詞不定式和動名詞的用法授課人張杰動詞不定式的用法動詞不定式的基本形式及其否定形式1.基本形式為to+動詞原形（eg：towork），有時省略符號to（eg：work）2.否定形式為not/never+動詞不定式

動詞不定式的功用1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作補語7.作獨立成分作主語1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2.To

seeistobelieve.3.It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.4.It’syourturntocleantheroom.5.Ittookthemfourdaystoarrivethere.

作表語1.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Mywishistobeasinger.3.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.

作賓語(1)1.Annwantstogetherearspierced.2.Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.

3.I’dlove

tovisitMexico.只能帶動詞不定式不能帶動名詞

作賓語的動詞aim旨在agree同意offer提出plan打算ask要求promise答應help幫忙prepare準備decide決定refuse拒絕dare敢于choose選擇wish想要hope希望expect期望預計fail沒有pretend假裝seem似乎learn學會manage設(shè)法做成afford擔負得起wouldlike/love想要作賓語（2）1.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.2.Hefeelsitfrustratingto

watchEnglish-languageTV.3.Wethink

it

agoodideatogohiking.注：動詞feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語動詞不定式放在形容詞或名詞后面，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+feel/find/make/think+it+adj./n.+todo...。

作賓語（3）1.Weareverygladtoseeyou.2.I’msorrytohearthat.3.Theyaresuretocome.注：有些表示思想感情的形容詞（包括已變成形容詞的分詞）后面可接動詞不定式，這種不定式也可叫做賓語。如：excited，able,afraid,anxious,careful,free,lucky,ready,willing等。作定語1.Hewasthefirstonetoarrive.2.Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.3.Doyouhaveanythingtosay

?作狀語1.Westayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.表目的2.IfeelveryluckytohaveLucky。表原因3.I’mtootiredtodowell.表結(jié)果4.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.表結(jié)果

作補語（賓補）(1)1.Whotoldyoutodothat?2.I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.3.Thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccidenttohappen.帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的動詞ask請求force強迫invite邀請train訓練order命令want想要direct指導get使beg懇求drive驅(qū)使cause導致warn警告lead引導encourage鼓勵allow允許hate討厭like喜歡leave聽任need需要teach教require需要prefer更喜歡advise建show演示tell吩咐urge強烈要求wish希望賓補（2）3.Whomadethelittlegirlcry?4.Didyouhearsomeoneenterthehouse?注：用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的動詞主要是感官動詞和使役動詞see,watch，hear,feel，notice，have,let,make。注意help的賓補，不定式也可帶to也可不帶。helpsb(to)do作補語（主補）1.Teenagersshouldbeallowed

tochoosetheirownclothes.2.Thebirdwas

let

tofly.3.Heismadetoworktenhoursaday.注：(1)省略to的動詞不定式作賓補，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的句子后成為主補時，符號to要加上。作獨立成分1.I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.2.Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldn’tunderstandeveryword.3.Totellthetruth,Idon’tthinkso.動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)1.It’snecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.作主語2.It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.作主語3.It’stimeforustosetoff.作定語4.Thisisforyoutodecide.作表語用of還是forof前的形容詞是honest，bad，cruel，rude，careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，說明人的特性。for前的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,hard,important,interesting,easy，necessary等，說明不定式動作的特性。疑問詞+不定式1.Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.作主語2.Thequestioniswhichtochoose.作表語3.Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.作賓語不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)Theyseemtohavefinishedthework.HepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhenIenteredhisroom.Theshoesneedtoberepaired.=Theshoesneedrepairing.省去動詞原形的不定式-Wouldyouliketojoinus?-I’dloveto.Don’tgotillItellyouto.一些固定的動詞不定式用法wouldratherdothando寧愿做…而不愿做…prefertodoratherthando寧愿做…而不愿做…tryone’sbesttodo盡力去做besupposedtodo應該做hadbetterdo最好做can’twaittodo等不及要做donothingbutdo除了做…什么都做不了havenochoicebuttodo除了做…別無選擇動名詞的用法動名詞的形式和否定形式動詞原形+ing(eg:studying)not/never+動名詞(eg:notreading)動名詞的功用作主語作賓語作表語作定語作主語Listening

canhelp.Smokingisnotallowedhere.It’ssonicetalkingtoyou.It’sawasteoftimeexplainingittoher.

作賓語Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.WeoftengotexcitedaboutsomethingandendupspeakinginChinese.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?只接動名詞不能接動詞不定式

作賓語的動詞avoid避免suggest建議consider考慮imagine想象Include包括mind介意keep一直stop阻止advise建議practice練習risk冒危險miss錯過機會enjoy喜歡finish完成只接動名詞不接動詞不定式

作賓語的短語動詞putoff推遲

beworth值得

giveup放棄；戒除

holdonto堅持

bebusy忙于

feellike想要endup以…結(jié)束

keepon一直；反復不斷payattentionto注意lookforwardto期待be/getusedto習慣can‘thelp忍不住insiston堅持作介詞賓語用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)spend....(in)doingstop/prevent/keepsbfromdoinghavefun/trouble/problems/difficulty/confidence(in)doing作表語Readingislearning.Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.Themainthingisgettingthereontime.作定語Hewalkswithawalkingstick.Thereisaswimmingpoolnearmyhouse.Youcan’ttalkloudlyinthereadingroom.動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmesittingbesideyou?既可接動詞不定式也可接動名詞

意義區(qū)別不大的詞beginhatelikelovestartprefer接動詞不定式和動名詞

意義不同的詞1.Iremembertellingyouthat.Pleaseremembertobringithere.2.He’llneverforgethearinghersinging.Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme.

3.Hestoppedsmokinglastweek.Hestoppedtosmoke.(狀語)4.Theywentondiscussing.Theywentontodiscussotherproblems.(狀語)Exercises1．Idon'tallow_____inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallowmyfamily_____atall.

A.smoking；tosmokeB.tosmoke；smoking

C.tosmoke；tosmokeD.smoking；smoking2．Yourclothesneed_____.

A.washedB.tobewashed

C.towashD.beingwashing3．Thisbikeisnotworth_____.

A.toberepairedB.ofrepairing

C.torepairD.repairing

ABD4．_____isbettertolovethan_____.

A.That,tobelovedB.That；belove

C.It；belovedD.It；tobeloved5．-WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?

-It‘sadifficultlanguage_____.

A.speakingB.tobespoken

C.tospeakD.spoken6．Hewouldratherstayathomethan_____outwithyou.

A.goB.togo

C.goingD.goes

DCA7．I‘mconsidering_____youroffer.

A.tohaveacceptedB.beingaccepted

C.acceptingD.toaccept8．-What‘smadeRosesoupset?

-_____threeticketstoJayChou’sconcert.

A.LostB.Losing

C.BecauseoflosingD.Sinceshelost9．Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.

A.goingonvacationB.goonvacation

C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation

CBA10．Thestorywassofunnythatwe_____.

A.couldn‘thelplaughB.can’tbutlaugh

C.couldn‘thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh11．Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.

A.toreturnB.returning

C.returnD.toreturning12．-It'sgettingverylate.Maybeweshouldn'tgo.

-No,let'sgo.Gettingtherelateisbetterthan_____atall.

A.wedon'tarriveB.toarrivenot

C.nottoarriveD.notarriving

CAD13．Remember_____thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.

A.puttingbackB.having