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定語從句講解及練習1在做定語從句練習時,避免以下錯誤觀點:先行詞表示時間用when引導定語從句×先行詞表示地點用where引導定語從句×先行詞表示原因(reason)用why引導定語從句×2正確的思路:“兩找一看”看先行詞在定語從句中所做的成分,做主語\賓語用關(guān)系代詞,做狀語用關(guān)系副詞。介詞+which=關(guān)系副詞(介詞+which表示時間=when;表示地點=where;forwhich表示原因=why)3第一步,確定主句和先行詞(定語從句所修飾的詞)第二步,把先行詞放在不完整的句子中(定語從句),構(gòu)成一個完整的句子(考慮定語從句的謂語有時需要加入適當?shù)慕樵~,才能放入先行詞)第三步,選用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或副詞替代。第四步,把關(guān)系代詞或副詞放在定語從句句首,然后放在先行詞的后邊4Theman______________youtalkedjustnowismyneighbor.AthatBwithwhichCwithwhomDwhom第一步:主句:Themanismyneighbor;先行詞:theman第二步:theman放在定語從句中,不可以說youtalkedthemanjustnow,根據(jù)talk的詞法知識,需要加介詞with才能跟賓語:youtalkedwiththemanjustnow第三步:theman在定語從句充當賓語,指人,我們用whom替代Youtalkedwithwhomjustnow第四步:Themanwhomyoutalkedwithjustnowismyneighbor.根據(jù)所給答案,我們可以判斷,定語從句的介詞with提前,因此我們選C56定語從句一、定語從句概述Thestory

thatyouread

isTheRescue.你讀的故事叫《營救》。

Thestory是“先行詞”,thatyouread是定語從句,that是關(guān)系代詞。

(一)概念7定語從句(二)使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞當引導詞在句中作主語或賓語時,要用關(guān)系代詞;當引導詞在句中作狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞。如:Thisisthepalacewhereheworks.(where狀語時,等于inwhich)IoftenthinkofthedaysthatIspentinBrown’slastsummer.(that作spent的賓語=thedays)Hekeptthelaughingduringthetwohours(that)ittooktoflytoBeijing.(that作took的賓語,等于twohours)8定語從句(三)定語從句的分類定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,如:

MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.(限制性定語從句)

我住在紐約的那個兄弟有六個孩子。(我的兄弟不只一個。住在紐約的那位只是其中之一。)

Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.(非限制性定語從句)

我兄弟有六個孩子,他住在紐約。(我只有一個兄弟,且他住在紐約。)

9定語從句

Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.

1、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開,如:

Howdoyouapologizetoyourfriend

whosebikeyoulost?10定語從句

Helen,

whowassittingonmyleft,saidthatthismealwasthebestshehadeverhad.

2、非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,只是對先行詞作些附加的說明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,一般不用that

引導。如:

Lijiang,

whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.海倫坐在我的旁邊說這時她吃過的最好的一頓飯。

3、有些定語從句,究竟是限制性還是非限制性的,要根據(jù)上下文來判斷。11定語從句(四)關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1、關(guān)系代詞概述

關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,that,which,whose。當先行詞指人時用who,whom,當先行詞指物時用which;whose是who和which的所有格形式,表示“……的”,that既可指人,也可指物。這些關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語和賓語,作主語時關(guān)系代詞不可省略,作賓語時可以省略。12定語從句2、當先行詞指人時使用who和whom,若在句中作主語用who;如果作賓語用whom,但在口語中,常用who代替whom,也可以省略。如:

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)

ThegirlwemetyesterdayisLiLei’ssister.(關(guān)系代詞who,whom或that在從句中作賓語,已被省略)13定語從句3、當先行詞指物時,用which或that.

Theyplantedthetreeswhich/thatdon’tneedmuchwater.

Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.

MissSmithistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.4、whose引導定語從句,先行詞可是人也可是物,whose在從句中作定語,其后必跟一個名詞。如:史密斯老師便是上周房子著火的那名老師。14定語從句5、that先行詞既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。如:

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.

(1)Theathletetowhomyoutalkedisafamousrunner.6、如果關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時,介詞的位置15定語從句(2)含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動詞的后面。如:

Isthisthewatchwhich/thatheislookingfor?

Theoldmanwhom/whothenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.(3)關(guān)系代詞that,who在從句中作介詞賓語時,介詞不能放在它的前面,只能放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。如:16定語從句(4)關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語。如:

Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?7、只用that作關(guān)系代詞的場合我父親工作的那個公司的老板是一個非常和善的人。

(1)被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞,如all,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,something等時,只能用that。如:17定語從句(2)先行詞被only,very,just,last,oneof,all,no,little,few,any等詞修飾時,只能用that。如:

TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistohavearest.

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時,只用that。如:(4)先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時,只用that。

Thisisthebestwaythatcansolvetheproblem.18定語從句(5)先行詞既有人也有物時,只用that。如:

Thefilmstarandherfilmthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallyveryfamous.

Hebroughttwocatsyesterday.NowIcanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden.

(6)被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時,只用that。如:

(7)如果兩個從句,其中一個關(guān)系代詞用which引導,則另一個用that以避名重復;如:

Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings

thathadneverbeenseenbefore.19定語從句(8)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語的定語從句用that。如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.

Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.8、只用which作關(guān)系代詞的場合。(2)引導非限制性定語從句which可代先行詞或者前句,譯成“這一點,這件事”。如:

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.(1)當關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,只用which。如:20定語從句(3)先行詞為that,時,引導詞用which。如:

What’sthat

whichwasputinthecar?

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.(4)一個句子中有兩個定語從句時,為避免重復,一個用that,另一個則用which。如:9、通常要用who代表人作關(guān)系代詞的場合。21定語從句(1)當先行詞是one,ones,anyone或those等,只用who。如:

Anyone

whodoesthat

mustbemad.

Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.(2)用在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語指人時,只用who。如:

Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.22定語從句(3)當先行詞是人,后面有較長修飾語時,只用who。如:

ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohadjustcomefromShanghai.(4)為了避免重復或引起歧義,當句子中有兩個定語從句,一個用that時,另一個用who。如:

ImetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthreegoldmedalsintheAsianGames.

那個在會上講話的人是我們的新校長,他來自上海。23定語從句(5)當先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(常用于諺語之中)。如:

Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。玩火自焚。24定語從句(五)關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞有why,when,where,在定語從句中代替先行詞,作狀語,不可省略,有時也可用“介詞+which”代替。

We’llneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.1、when指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。如:25定語從句

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.2、where指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。如:

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

3、why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,如:

Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.

Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.26定語從句*當先行詞是way時,引導詞通常用that/inwhich或不用任何引導詞如:

Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hedidit.27定語從句(八)定語從句的主謂一致

Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishome-made.1、關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時,從句中謂語動的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致;先行詞是句子時,從句的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:I,whoamyourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.28定語從句

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.2、“oneof+復數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時,從句的動詞通常要用復數(shù);當one前有the(only),the(very)等修飾時,從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如:

MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.29定語從句(九)as引導的定語從句

Iwantohavesuchadictionaryashehas.1、as用作關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導限定性定語從句,并在從句作主語、賓語和狀語等,構(gòu)成“thesame…as”,“such…as”等結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Ishalldoitinthesamewaywasasyoudid.(as作狀語)Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.30定語從句

Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis

.(as代表整個句子,作表語)2、as引導非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,這個定語從句說明整個句子,可以放在主句之前。如:

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as代表整個句子,作主語)

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as代表整個句子,作賓語)31定語從句常用這種類似插入語的句式有asissaidabove(正如以上所說),asalreadymentioned

above(正如上文所提及的那樣),asisknowntoall(正如我們所知道的那樣),asitis(按現(xiàn)在的樣子),asisoftenthecase(……是常有的事),asisreportedinthenewspaper(正如所報)等。32定語從句注意:1、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。2、關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限制性語從句中作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,而該介詞又位于從句末尾,經(jīng)常省略,但as一般不能省略。3、關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語從句的區(qū)別是:which不能放在句首,而as則可以;在句中時,as有“正如”、“就像”之意,而which則沒有此意。

33[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

1.Ihavemanyfriends,____somearebusinessmen.(NMET2005,全國卷I,24) A.ofthem B.fromwhich C.whoof D.ofwhom2.–Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?–Thereisnooneelse____,isthere.(NMET2005,北京,35)

A.whototurnto B.shecanturnto C.forwhomtoturn D.forhertoturnDB34[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

3.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

(NMET2005,天津,13)

A.that B.whose C.those D.what4.Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(NMET2005,江蘇,32)

A.which;where B.atwhich;which C.atwhich;where D.which;inwhichBC.atwhich;where35[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

5.–Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?–Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(NMET2005,福建,35)

A.that B.which C.where D.what6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_____shewantedtobe.

(NMET2005,湖北,29)

A.who B.that C.what D.whichCD36[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

7.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop___toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.

(NMET2005,湖南,27)

A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhich D.how8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes____peoplewereeatenbythetiger.

(NMET2005,廣東,35)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.which D.thatBA37[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

9.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadChairmanoftheStudents’Union.

(NMET2005,重慶,32)

A.duringwhichtime B.forwhichtime C.duringwhosetime D.bythattimeA38[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

10.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.

(NMET2005,山東,30)

A.fromwhich B.afterthat C.afterwhich D.fromthisC11.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejob_____theyarebeingtrained.(NMET2005,江西,25)A.inthat B.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich D39[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

10.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.

(NMET2005,山東,30)

A.fromwhich B.afterthat C.afterwhich D.fromthisC11.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejob_____theyarebeingtrained.(NMET2005,江西,25)A.inthat B.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich D40[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

12.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas22days.

(NMET2004,全國卷I,28) A.ofwhich B.duringwhich C.fromwhich D.forwhichA13.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(NMET2004,全國卷II,23) A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhichC41[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

14.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.(NMET2004,全國卷III,23) A.where B.whichC.whenD.thatA15.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_____fivearemine.(NMET2004,全國卷IV,24) A.onwhich B.inwhich C.ofwhich D.fromwhichC42[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

16.GeorgeOrwell,____wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(NMET2004,北京,26)

A.therealname B.whathisrealname C.hisrealname D.whoserealnameD17.____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(NMET2004,北京,34)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatB43[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

18.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungersonthantotheothers,______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.(NMET2004,天津,23)

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichD19.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.(NMET2004,上海,36)

A.who B.as C.aboutwhom D.withwhomD44[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

20.Thefactoryproduceshalfmillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,____80%aresoldabroad.(NMET2004,遼寧,35)

A.ofwhich B.whichof C.ofthem D.ofthatA21.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(NMET2004,江蘇,33)

A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.AsD45[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

22.Anyway,thatevening,_____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(NMET2004,浙江,35)

A.when B.whereC.whatD.whichD23.Therewas____time____Ihatedtogotoschool.(NMET2004,湖北,23)

A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;whenB.a;when46[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

24.Therearetwobuildings,____standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.(NMET2004,湖北,25)A.thelarger B.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethat D.thelargerofwhichD25.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(NMET2004,湖北,29)

A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhichA47[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

26.Iworkinabusiness____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(NMET2004,湖南,23)

A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatC27.Icanthinkofmanycases____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.(2003,上海,41)

A.why B.whichC.asD.whereD48[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

28.____hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.(NMET2003春,上海,32)

A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.WhatB29.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_____othervisitorsseldomgo.(NMET2002,北京,22)

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whenC49[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(NMET2002春,上海,26)

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenD31.Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002春,上海,35)

A.heexplained B.whatheexplained C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplainedA50[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

32.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.(NMET2001,22) A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereC33.____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001,34) A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatB51[歷年高考真題再現(xiàn)]

34.Dorothywasalwaysspeaking

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