現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)一.組成：現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過(guò)去分詞組成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用has，其他用have.現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)的否認(rèn)式直接在助動(dòng)詞后邊加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)以前。以study為例，其否認(rèn)式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式以下：二．用法：現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我一定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Shehasarrived.她到了。表示連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，經(jīng)常和包含現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的.表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.近來(lái)我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們走開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：since和for的差別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.ars._October.表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在達(dá)成時(shí)中間不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，由于它們表示的動(dòng)作不行能連續(xù)。所以，不可以說(shuō)：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句話可以改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes差別：havebeento,havegoneto,havebeeninhavebeento,表示去過(guò)某個(gè)地方，可是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了havegoneto表示去了，但還沒(méi)有回來(lái)，或許是在去的途中havebeenin指的是在某個(gè)地方，從過(guò)去向來(lái)連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在Wherehashebeen?他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）Wherehashegone?他上哪兒去了？（人不在）TheyhavebeentoCanada.他們到過(guò)加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）TheyhavegonetoCanada.他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）TheyhavebeeninCanadasincethen.用

have/hasbeen(to)have/hasgone(to)have/hasbeenin

填空A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I

’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.1.WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2.David________theparkjustnow.3.John_______Englandsincehecameback.4.Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5.TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8.WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9.When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10.Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11.Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.12.Heoften_____swimming.13._____you______therelastyear?14._____theyoften______skatinginwinter?選擇填空()1.Mrswhitesisn'there,she_____London,she________theremanytimesA.hasbeento,wentB.hasgoneto,hasbeenC.wentto,hasgoneD.hasbeento,hasgone()2.Shehas__________Beijingtwice.()3.—where___yourfather____,LiLei?____ToBeijingA.have,beenB.has,beenC.have,goneD.has,gone()4.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,He______thelibraryA.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.willgo()5.Mrsmith____Tokyoandhewillbebackinaweek()6.They_Chinafortwoyears.現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)不可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等連用。比方：Shehasalreadycome.她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Ihaven’treadityet.我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)。Ihavemethimbefore.我以前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.馬紅素來(lái)是個(gè)勤學(xué)生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我經(jīng)常在街上看見(jiàn)他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.他們從未去過(guò)延安。Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近來(lái)沒(méi)看到他。Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?2.Mygrandpadied_________.omebacktomorrow.her.5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.______inChinafor8years.9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingRewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否認(rèn)句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tco就劃線部散發(fā)問(wèn))_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫(xiě))I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）(對(duì)劃線部散發(fā)問(wèn))______________havetheybeenhere?.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?_________________he___________________?_____________________they__________abook?Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”用適合的時(shí)態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem____________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere?6._________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?7.---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.8.We----already_________(return)thebook.9.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或許還會(huì)連續(xù)下去。常用for和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或sofar，now，today，thisweek(month，year)等表示包含現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。eg.HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince2001.NowIhavefinishedthework.注意：表示短臨時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的達(dá)成時(shí)不可以與for，since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。用來(lái)連續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或表過(guò)去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）指引的詞語(yǔ)連用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.

我已在此住了

30多年。由非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的變換：arrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadgoout→beoutfinish→beoverputon→wear或beonborrow→keepbuy→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)open→beopencomeback→bebackjoin→beingettoknow→knowleave→beaway或beamemberofbegintostudy→studyfallill(sick,asleep)closebeclosedcometowork→work→beill(sick,asleep)gotoschoolstudent

→→beagetup→beupgo→be(in)一、典型例題（）1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.（）2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.（）3.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.（）4.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.（）5.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.（）6.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.（）7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.（）8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.（）9.I______homeforaweek.（）10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead（）11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.（）12.He________thecarforaweek.（）13.---Howlong_____you_____ill?---Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been（）14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.（）15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.三、課后練習(xí)[

單項(xiàng)選擇

]（）1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.（）2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?（）3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？（）4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.（）5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better（）6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoy