2019-2020年北京清華大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案

2019年北京清華大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案

PartIListeningComprehension(20points)

SectionOne

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearsome

peopletalkingabouthowtheirparentsmeteachother

andgotmarried.Eachoftheconversationsisfollowed

byaninterviewwithoneoftheirparentsabouthisor

hermarriage.Listentotherecordingandanswerthe

questionsbelowwithwhatyouhear.Youshouldusea

shortsentenceoraphraseforeachanswer.Youwill

heartherecordingonlyonce.

1.HowdidCraig5sparentsmeeteachother?

2.Whatwashisfather'sfirstimpressionofhis

mother?

Whatdoeshethinknow?

Hestillthinksso.

3.HowdidDave'sparentsmeeteachother?

4.Whatwashismother，sfirstimpressionofhis

father?

5.Whatdoesshethinknow?

6.HowdidSara'sparentsmeeteachother?

7.Whatwasherfather'sfirstimpressionofher

mother?

Whatdoeshethinknow?

Hestillthinksso.

8.HowdidLisa'sparentsmeeteachother?

9.Whatwashermother，sfirstimpressionofher

father?

10.Whatdoesshethinknow?

SectionTwo

Directions..Inthissectionyouwillhearashort

lecture.Listentotherecordingandcompletethenotes

belowaboutthelecture.Youwillheartherecording

onlyonce.

LectureNotes

Lecturefield/area:

11.

LectureTopic/Theme:Memory

Threetypesofmemory:

12.

13.

14.

Threewaysofmeasuringmemory:

15.

16._________________________________________

17._________________________________________

ThreeTechniquesforrememberinginformation:

18._________________________________________

19._________________________________________

20._________________________________________

PartIIVocabulary(10points)

Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesor

sentenceswithunderlinedwordsinthispart.Foreach

sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Choosethebestonethatcompletesthesentenceoris

nearestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedword.Andthen

markthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwith

asinglelinethroughthecenter.

21.Ploughsandotheragriculturalimplementswere

ondisplayattherecentexhibition.

A.equationsB.playthingsC.tools

D.machinery

22.Myowninclination,ifIwereinyoursituation,

wouldbetolookforanotherposition.

A.symptomB.likenessC.habit

D.tendency

23.Thecombinationoflensesinacompound

microscopemakespossiblegreateramplificationthan

canbeachievedwithasinglelens.

A.managementB.magnificence

C.magnetismD.magnification

24.Thedegreeofdownwardslopeofabeachdepends

onitscompositionofdepositsaswellasontheaction

ofwavesacrossitssurface.

A.sentimentB.sedimentC.semester

D.segment

25.TherigorofthewinterinRussiawasoften

describedbyMogol.

A.harshnessB.perturbation

C.dismayD.pessimism

26.Nowadays,theprescribedrolesofthemanas

“breadwinner“andthewomanashousewifeare

changing.

A.ascribedB.prevalentC.original

D.settled

27.Adivorcee,Tomisthesoleproviderinatypical

“singleparent“family.

A.religiousB.spiritual

C.exclusiveD.chief

28.Theoldwomanischronicallyillinbedandseldom

goesout.

A.seriouslyB.dangerously

C.continuallyD.incurably

29.Thedriverstoppedhiscarsoabruptlythathe

washitbythecabrightbehindhim.

A.impolitelyB.violently

C.suddenlyD.maladroitly

30.BeninMayerAlcottbasedtheprincipal

charactersofherbookLittleWomenonhersistersand

herself.

A.originalB.centralC.subjunctive

D.oriental

31.Largelyduetotheuniversitytraditionandthe

currentacademicmilieu,everycollegestudenthere

works.

A.industriallyB.industriously

C.consciouslyD.purposefully

32.Idon'tthinkit'ssensibleofyoutoyour

greaterknowledgeinfrontofthechairwoman,forit

maywelloffendher.

A.showupB.showoffC.showout

D.showaway

33.,hedidbecomeannoyedwithherattimes.

A.MuchashelikedherB.Ashelikedher

much

C.AlthoughmuchhelikedherD.Muchalthough

helikedher

34.Ifwedon，tstopflirtingwiththosedeathly

nuclearweapons,thewholeglobewill.

A.empoweredB.punishedC.polluted

D.annihilated

35.Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientific

theoryisitsabilitytofurtherresearchand

furtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

A.inventB.stimulateC.renovate

D.advocate

36.Wheninhisrebelliousyears,thatiswhenhe

wassixteenoreighteen,FrankAndersongoing

aroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutvery

late.

A.tooktoB.tookupC.tookon

D.tookin

37.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterial

speciallydesignedorforlanguagelearning

purposes,thereisyetnoeffectiveandsystematic

programforthereadingskills.

A.appointedB.assembled

C.acknowledgedD.adapted

38.In1816,anapparentlyinsignificanteventin

aremotepartofNorthernEuropeEuropeintoa

bloodywar.

A.imposedB.plungedC.pitched

D.inserted

39.Themunicipalplanningcommissionsaidthat

theirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwas

optimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax.

A.privilegesB.efficiency

C.revenuesD.validity

40.Theproblemofpollutionaswellasseveralother

issuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressis

inagainnextspring.

A.conventionB.conference

C.sessionD.assembly

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthis

part.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

theANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowing

passage:

OnSeptember7,2001,a68-year-oldwomanin

Strasbourg,France,hadhergallbladder(月旦囊)removed

bysurgeonsoperating,viacomputerfromNewYork.It

wasthefirstcompletetelesurgeryprocedureperformed

bysurgeonsnearly4,000milesawayfromtheirpatient.

InNewYork,MarescauxteamedupwithsurgeonMichel

Gagnertoperformthehistoriclong-distanceoperation.

Ahigh-speedfiber-opticserviceprovidedbyFrance

TelecommadetheconnectionbetweenNewYorkand

Strasbourg.Thetwosurgeonscontrolledthe

instrumentsusinganadvancedroboticsurgicalsystem,

designedbyComputerMotionInc.,thatenabledthe

proceduretobeminimallyinvasive.Thepatientwas

releasedfromthehospitalafterabout48hoursand

regainednormalactivitythefollowingweek.

Thehigh-speedfiber-opticconnectionbetweenNew

YorkandFrancemadeitpossibletoovercomeakey

obstacletotelesurgerytimedelay.Itwascrucialthat

acontinuoustimedelayoflessthan200milliseconds

bemaintainedthroughouttheoperation,betweenthe

surgeon，smovementsinNewYorkandthereturnvideo

(fromStrasbourg)onhisscreen.Thedelayproblem

includesvideocodingdecodingandsignaltransmission

time.

FranceTelecom，sengineersachievedanaveragetime

delayof150milliseconds.“Ifeltascomfortable

operatingonmypatientasifIhadbeenintheroom,n

saysMarescaux.

Thesuccessfulcollaboration(合作)amongmedicine,

advancedtechnology,andtelecommunicationsislikely

tohaveenormousimplicationsforpatientcareand

doctortraining.Highlyskilledsurgeonsmaysoon

regularlyperformespeciallydifficultoperations

throughlong-distanceprocedures.Thecomputersystems

usedtocontrolsurgicalmovementcanalsoleadtoa

breakthroughinteachingsurgicaltechniquestoanew

generationofphysicians.Moresurgeons-in-training

willhavetheopportunitytoobservetheirteachersin

actionintelesurgeryoperatingroomsaroundtheworld.

Marescauxdescribesthesuccessoftheremotely

performedsurgicalprocedureasthebeginningofa

“thirdrevolution“insurgerywithinthelastdecade.

Thefirstwasthearrivalofminimallyinvasivesurgery,

enablingprocedurestobeperformedwithguidanceby

acamera,meaningthattheabdomen（腹部）andthorax（月匈

腔）donothavetobeopened.Thesecondwasthe

introductionofcomputer-assistedsurgery,where

complicatedsoftwarealgorithms（計算法）enhancethe

safetyofthesurgeon，smovementsduringaprocedure,

makingthemmoreaccurate,whileintroducingthe

conceptofdistancebetweenthesurgeonandthepatient.

Itwasthusnaturaltoimaginethatthisdistance一

currentlyseveralmetersintheoperatingroom一could

potentiallybeuptoseveralthousandkilometers.

41.Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideais

A.HowTheSecondRevolutioninSurgeryComesOut

B.TheTelesurgeryRevolution

C.APatientWasSaved

D.DreamComesTrue

42.Theitalicizedword“telesurgery”(Para.1,

Sentence2)canbebestexplainedas

A.anoperationdoneoveradistance

B.anoperationdoneontelevision

C.anoperationdemandingspecialskill

D.anoperationdemandinghightechnology

43.Howlongdidittakethepatienttoresumeher

normalactivityaftertheoperation?

A.24hoursB.48hours

C.aboutaweekD.almostamonth

44.Whatisthemajorbarriertotelesurgery?

A.distanceB.advancedtechnology

C.delayD.medicalfacilities

45.Thewriterimpliesthat.

A.difficultoperationcanbesuccessfullyperformed

allovertheworldnow

B.comparedtothe“thirdrevolution“insurgery,

thefirsttwoarelessimportant

C.allpatientscanbecuredbyagall

b1adder-removaloperation

D.anewbreakthroughhasbeenmadeinsurgery

PassageTwo

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowing

passage:

Themulti-billion-dollarwesternpopmusicindustry

isunderfire.ItisbeingblamedbytheUnitedNations

forthedramaticriseindrugabuseworldwide."The

mostworrisomedevelopmentisacultureof

drug-friendlinessthatseemstobegainingprominence

（顯著），“saidtheUN's13-memberInternational

NarcoticsControlBoardinareportreleasedinlate

February1998.

The74studysaysthatpopmusic,asaglobal

industry,isbyfarthemostinfluentialtrend-setter

foryoungpeopleofmostcultures."Somelyrics

advocatethesmokingofmarijuana（大麻）ortaking

otherdrugs,andcertainpopstarsmakestatementsand

setexamplesasiftheuseofdrugsfornon-medicinal

purposeswereanormalandacceptablepartofaperson's

lifestyle,“thestudysays.

Surprisingly,saystheBoard,theeffectof

drug-friendlypopmusicseemstosurvivedespitethe

occasionalshockofdeathbyoverdose（過量用藥）.

“Suchincidentstendtobeseenasanoccasiontomourn

thelossofarolemodel,andnotanopportunityto

confrontthedeadlyeffectof'recreational'drug

use,“itnotes.Sincethe1970s,several

internationallyfamoussingersandmoviestars一

includingElvisPresley,JaniceJoplin,JohnBelushi,

JimiHendrix,JonathanMelvinandAndyGibbs—havedied

ofeitherdrugabuseordrugrelatedillnesses.With

theglobalizationofpopularmusic,messages

toleratingorpromotingdrugabusearenowreaching

beyondtheircountriesoforigin."Inmostcountries,

thenamesofcertainpopstarshavebecomefamiliarto

themembersofeveryhousehold,“thestudysays.

TheUNstudyalsoblamesthemediaforits

descriptionofcertaindrugissues—especiallytheuse

ofmarijuanaandissuesofliberalizationand

legalization一whichencourages,ratherthanprevents,

drugabuse.“Overthelastyears,wehaveseenhowdrug

abuseisincreasinglyregardedasbeingacceptableor

evenattractive,“saysHamidGhodse,presidentofthe

Board.“Powerfulpressuregroupsrunpolitical

campaignsaimedatlegalizingcontrolleddrugs,“he

says.Ghodsealsopointsoutthatallthese

developmentshavecreatedanenvironmentwhichis

tolerantoforevenfavorabletodrugabuseandspoils

internationaldrugpreventioneffortscurrently

underway.

Thepresentstudy,focusesontheissueofdemand

reductionandpreventionwithinanenvironmentthathas

becometolerantofdrugabuse.TheBoardcallson

governmentstodotheirlegalandmoralduties,andto

actagainstthepro-drugmessagesoftheyouthculture

towhichyoungpeopleincreasinglyarebeingexposed.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthor

tendtoagreewith?

A.Theuseofdrugsfornon-medicinalpurposesis

anacceptablepartofaperson5slifestyle.

B.Thespreadingofpopmusicmaycausethedrugabuse

togobeyondcountryboundaries.

C.Noeffortshavebeenmadetopreventthespreading

ofdrugabuse.

D.Thegovernmentshavenoabilitytoactagainst

thepro-drugmessagesoftheyouthculture.

47.Theitalicizedphrase“underfire”(Para.1,

Sentence1)means.

A.inanurgentsituation

B.facingsomeproblems

C.beingcriticized

D.quitepopular

48.Undertheinfluenceofdrug-friendlypopmusic,

whatmighttheyouththinkofthedeathofsomepopstars

causedbyoverdose?

A.Theytendtomournthepopstarsasrolemodels.

B.Theyareshockedtoknowevenpopstarsmayabuse

drugs.

C.Theytrytoconfrontthedeadlyeffectof

“recreational“druguse.

D.Theymaystopabusingthedrugs.

49.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthe

passageasafactorthathascontributedtocreating

anenvironmenttolerantoforevenfavorabletodrug

abuse?

A.Thespreadingofpopmusic.

B.Themedia.

C.Politicalcampaignsrunbypowerfulpressure

groups.

D.Thelowpriceofsomedrugs.

50.Thepopmusic.

A.hasagreatinfluenceonyoungpeopleofmost

cultures

B.onlyappealstoasmallnumberofyoungpeople

C.isnotaprofitableindustry

D.istheonlyculprit（罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝﹔esponsiblefor

drugamuse

PassageThree

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowing

passage:

TheAlaskapipelinestartsatthefrozenedgeofthe

ArcticOcean.Itstretchessouthwardacrossthelargest

andnorthernmoststateintheUnitedStates,ending

ataremoteice-freeseaportvillagenearly800miles

fromwhereitbegins.Itismassiveinsizeand

extremelyoperate.

Thesteelpipecresseswindsweptplainsandendless

milesofdelicatetundrathattopsthefrozenground.

Itweavesthroughcrookedcanyons,climbssheer

mountains,plungesoverrockycrags,makesitsway

throughthickforests,andpassesoverorunder

hundredsofriversandstreams.Thepipeis4feetin

diameter,andupto2millionbarrelsofcrudeoilcan

bepumpedthroughitdaily.

RestingonH-shapedsteelrackscalled“bents”,

longsectionsofthepipelinefollowazigzagcourse

highabovethefrozenearth.Otherlongsectionsdrop

outofsightbeneathspongyorrockygroundandreturn

tothesurfacelateron.Thepatternofthepipeline's

up-and-downrouteisdeterminedbytheoftenharsh

demandsofthearcticandsubarcticclimate,the

tortuouslayoftheland,andthevariedcompositions

ofsoil,rock,orpermanentlyfrozenground.Alittle

morethanhalfofthepipelineiselevatedabovethe

ground.Theremainderisburiedanywherefrom3to12

feet,dependinglargelyuponthetypeofterrainand

thepropertiesofthesoil.

Oneofthelargestintheworld,thepipelinecost

approximately$8billionandisbyfarthebiggestand

mostexpensiveconstructionprojecteverundertakenby

privateindustry.Infact,nosinglebusinesscould

raisethatmuchmoney,so8majoroilcompaniesformed

aconsortiuminordertosharethecosts.Eachcompany

controlledoilrightstoparticularsharesoflandin

theoilfieldsandpaidintothepipeline-construction

fundaccordingtothesizeofitsholdings.Today,

despiteenormousproblemsofclimate,supply

shortages,equipmentbreakdowns,labordisagreements,

treacherousterrain,acertainamountof

mismanagements,andeventheft,theAlaskapipelinehas

beencompletedandisoperating.

51.Thepassageprimarilydiscussesthepipeline's

A.operatingcostsB.employees

C.consumersD.construction

52.Theword“it”(Para.1,Sentence3)refersto

A.pipelineB.ocean

C.stateD.village

53.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingas

importantindeterminingthepipeline'srouteEXCEPT

the.

A.climate

B.layofthelanditself

C.localvegetation

D.kindofsoilandrock

54.Howmanycompaniessharedthecostsof

constructingthepipeline?

A.3.B.4.C.8.D.12.

55.Whichofthefollowingdeterminedwhat

percentageoftheconstructioncostseachmemberofthe

consortiumwouldpay?

A.Howmuchoilfieldlandeachcompanyowned.

B.Howlongeachcompanyhadownedlandintheoil

fields.

C.Howmanypeopleworkedforeachcompany.

D.Howmanyoilwellswerelocatedonthecompany's

land.

PassageFour

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowing

passage:

MargheritaisaLondongirlandarrivingatCapital

waslikecominghome."IgrewuplisteningtoCapital

Radio,“shesays,“Peoplesay,'Wasn'titfrightening,

joiningsuchwell-knownpresenters?,Buteveryonehere

issodowntoearth.Itwouldbeoff-puttingifthe

othershadpeopledoingtheirmake-up,orstarsings

ontheirofficedoors.Butthere'snoneofthat一Mick

Brown,forinstance,finisheshisshowandwandersoff

togetthebushomewitheveryoneelse.”

Margheritasaysthatherownmusicaltastesvaried.

Butshedoesn5tpickherownmusicforhershows.The

Capitalcomputerselectstherecordsinadvancefrom

alistapprovedbythestationmanagers."Thestation

hasacertainsound,andifweallpickedourownmusic,

itwouldn，tsoundlikeCapital,“shesays,“Butfor

someonewholikesmusic,thisisadreamjob.Igetto

gotoconcertsandmeetthebandsyoucanhearonmy

show.It，sgreattohearthe4behindthescenes，

gossip.”

Mostpeoplewouldexpectthatapresenter，smost

importantqualitiesareanicevoiceandhugeamounts

ofconfidence,butMargheritasaythatbasicmathsis

handyaswell.“Youhavetomakesurethatyou5vegot

aneyeoneverythingthat'sgoingoninthestudio,but

you'vegottobeabletoaddandsubtractandthinkin

minutesandseconds,“shesays,"You'redealingwith

timedrecords,andwithannouncementsandcommercials

thatarealsotimedprecisely,andyouhavetobeready

toswitchtothenewsatexactlytherightsecond.If

you'regoingovertoaliveevent,youneedtobeready,

forthatontime,notasecondearlierorlater.”

Thisisn'tthesortofgirltolettherock'n'roll

lifestylegotoherhead.Evenifshedidherfamily

wouldbringherdowntoearth."WhenIstartedat

Capitaltheonlythingmybrothersaskedwaswhether

they5dgetfreerecords,“sheremembers,“Andmymum

couldn，tevenfindthestationonherradio.”

MargheritaTaylorisveryniceandveryeasy-going,

butverymuchincontrol.Sheissomucha“Capital

Radiogirlnthatyoumightthinksheisjustdoinga

goodjobforthestation，spublicity,department,

althoughyouknowwhatshe'ssayingreallycomesfrom

theheart.Shesmilesalot,laughsalotandis

generallyagreatadvertforCapital.

56.Whatdoes“that”(Para.1,Sentence5)refer

to?

A.Thefameoftheotherpresenters.

B.Margherita/sfearoftheotherstaff.

C.Self-importantbehaviourbytheotherpresenters.

D.BadtreatmentofMargheritabytheotherstaff.

57.OnepointMargheritamakesaboutherjobisthat

A.shehaschangedherattitudetomusic

B.sheisunhappythatrecordssheplaysarechosen

forher

C.shelikesmostofthemusicthatsheplaysonher

show

D.sheenjoystalkingtothepeoplewhoserecords

sheplays

58.WhatdoesMargheritasayaboutpresentingashow?

A.Itisessentialtokeepinmindwhatisgoingto

happennext.

B.Itismorecomplicatedthanshehadpreviously

thought.

C.Theabilitytoaddandsubtractisthemost

importantrequirement.

D.Thecontendofashowissometimeschanged

suddenly.

59.HowhaveMargherita，sfamilyreactedtoher

success?

A.withcaution

B.withoutinterest

C.withsurprise

D.withoutexcitement

60.Inthefinalparagraph,whatdoestheauthorsay

aboutMargherita?

A.Shewasdifferentfromwhatshehadexpected.

B.ShegenuinelybelievesthatCapitalisagood

radiostation.

C.ShefeelsitnecessarytotalkaboutCapitalRadio

allthetime.

D.ShehasalreadychangedherjobatCapitalradio.

PartIVCloze(10points)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowing

passage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfits

intothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

ontheANSWERSHEET.

Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemost

personal.Nothingcan61thejoyofdiscovering

foryourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou.Itmay

beanideaorabitofinformationyou62across

accidentally一orasudden63,fittingtogether

piecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.

Suchpersonal64arethe“payoff“ineducation.

Ateachermay65youtolearningandevenencourage

youinit一butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementor

thejoyhappen.That5s66toyou.

Aresearchpaper,67inacourseandperhaps

checkedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,68you

beyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesand

intoa69wherethejoyofdiscoverandlearning

cancometoyoumanytimes.70theresearchpaper

isanactiveandindividualprocess,andideallearning

process.Itprovidesastructure71whichyoucan

makeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,

thatarebasictoeducation.Buttheresearchpaperalso

givesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,

to72apieceofworktoyourowninterestsand

abilities,toshowothers73youcando.Waitinga

researchpaperismorethanjustaclassroomexercise.

Itisanexperiencein74out,understandingand

synthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskills75

tobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthe

fullestsense,adiscoveringeducation.So,toproduce

agoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughly

76experience!

Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassigned

numberofpagesoftenmorethaneverproduced77,

isdisconcerting.Toothers,theveryideaofhaving

towork78isthreatening.Butthereisnoneedto

approachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety,

andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacle

to79Instead,consideritagoalto80,a

goalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangive

you.

61.A.exterminateB.impulse

C.interveneD.exceed

62.A.conformB.confrontC.come

D.console

63.A.insightB.relaxationC.relay

D.ingred