2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題第三套及答案

2018年6月四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayth?importanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopiYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension說(shuō)明：2018年6月四級(jí)真題全國(guó)共考了兩套聽(tīng)力。本套的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容與第二套的完全一樣，只是選項(xiàng)的順序不一樣而已，故在本套中不再重復(fù)給出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst26in1962,itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas27.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding'sowners,CIS,28thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004,thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope'slargest29ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge30hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas31overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren,t32cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy33throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget34,theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels,collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn,taraceof35,butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.A)cheaperI)eventuallyB)cleanerJ)heightC)collectionnecessarilyK)D)competedL)productionE)constructedM)rangeF)consultedN)scaleG)dimensionO)undertakenH)discoveredDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter(AnswerSheet2SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomeworkDigitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat,sreplacing一andsometimesjoining一expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.Thecodes一whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse一givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(觀念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(壟斷)，anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,”saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocateforthe.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you,repaying$120,”saidSenack.“Butbecauseit,salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.”SarinaHarper,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120一abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It,sabalancingact,”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow”Shedidn,thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they,rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts.”APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn,trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.”Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents.“Thesedigitalproductsaren,tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomework,theyofferallkindsoffeatures,”DavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublishers,toldBuzzFeedNews.“Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan,tdowithprinthomeworkassignments.”DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn,trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,”saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbuItfeellikeI,mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsmost.”A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn,trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That'stwomonthsofrent,”shesaid.“Youcan,tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelptsopayforyournewsemester'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you,reoutofthatmoney.”BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it,sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework.Manyoftheaccesscodeshespurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit,sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass,”hesaid.“You,repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrad-butifyoudidn,thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.”Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.Harper,apoultry(家禽)sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan,tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothehighprices.“Wedon,treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy,”shesaid.“Ifyoumissit,youjustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it,snotfun.”Astudent,syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.Onlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents.Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteach,welearn,”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They,redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho,relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothersOneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids,Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings（兄弟姐妹）.ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated（動(dòng)畫(huà)的）figurecalledBetty,sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors,learning.Theagents,questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it,stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.WhatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudiesSeneca,sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty,sBrainItisacharacterinapopularanimation.Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.HowdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutorsItmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.WhatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagentsTheymotivatethemtothinkindependently.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors,learningTheirsenseofresponsibility. C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.Theiremotionalinvolvement. D)Theteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial (千禧的)generation—hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit,seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey,renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaian'sworld一justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers

Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplaceTheyarethetargetofdiscrimination. C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole. D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofageAsenseofaccomplishment. C)Rewardsandpromotions.Jobstabilityandflexibility. D)Joyderivedfromwork.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedaboutThewelfareoftheirchildren. C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.Thenarrowingofthegendergap. D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013surveyTheystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartIVTranslation(30PartIVTranslation(30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldw