高中英語語法動詞不定式

動詞(dòngcí)不定式及其用法第一頁，共38頁。1Grammar

一動詞不定式動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形〞構(gòu)成，可以在句中作主語(zhǔyǔ)、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語等,但不能作謂語。第二頁，共38頁。2動詞(dòngcí)不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主語(zhǔyǔ)賓語(bīnyǔ)表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)第三頁，共38頁。3作主語(zhǔyǔ)Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語(wàiyǔ)真的很重要。2.放棄(fàngqì)吸煙是對的。第四頁，共38頁。4作賓語(bīnyǔ)Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred沒有錢，所以(suǒyǐ)他決定找一份工作。2.他容許(róngxǔ)不告述任何人這事。第五頁，共38頁。5afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

Remember!第六頁，共38頁。6

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyv-ing.

avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,can’thelpRememberthem!第七頁，共38頁。7作表語(biǎoyǔ)MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作(gōngzuò)是教英語。2.眼見為實。第八頁，共38頁。8作定語(dìngyǔ)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么(shénme)要說的嗎?2.Betty是第一個知道(zhīdào)這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth第九頁，共38頁。9Itseemsthathehasnopen______.

A.towriteB.towritewith

C.writingD.writingwith注意(zhùyì)如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞(jíwùdònɡcí)，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.第十頁，共38頁。10不定式作定語，往往(wǎngwǎng)表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.注意(zhùyì)第十一頁，共38頁。11作狀語(zhuàngyǔ)Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的(mùdì)狀語.原因(yuányīn)狀語.結(jié)果狀語第十二頁，共38頁。12目的狀語:常用的結(jié)構(gòu)—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.結(jié)果狀語:常與only,enough或too連用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因(yuányīn)狀語:一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.第十三頁，共38頁。13作賓補(bǔ)Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在這兒(zhèr)。2.請允許我介紹(jièshào)Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.第十四頁，共38頁。141)帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。很多動詞如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后面(hòumian)作賓補(bǔ)的不定式都帶to。第十五頁，共38頁。15如:Hedidn’tallowustosmokeinhishouse. 他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。2)不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。使役動詞make,have,let;感官動詞see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to。如:Hemadeafaceandmade everybodylaugh.他做了一個(yīɡè)鬼臉,逗得大家都笑了。第十六頁，共38頁。16如果上述(shàngshù)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語,此時第2類動詞(let,have無被動語態(tài))后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看見他上樓去了。Becareful!注意(zhùyì):第十七頁，共38頁。17動詞(dòngcí)不定式的時態(tài)1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.一般(yībān)式(todo).不定式的一般(yībān)式所表示的動作〔狀態(tài)〕與句子謂語的動作同時〔或幾乎同時〕發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。第十八頁，共38頁。18㈡.進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示(biǎoshì)謂語表示(biǎoshì)的動作〔情況〕發(fā)生時，不定式所表示(biǎoshì)的動作正在進(jìn)行。動詞(dòngcí)不定式的時態(tài)第十九頁，共38頁。19動詞(dòngcí)不定式的時態(tài)㈢.完成(wánchéng)式〔tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語(wèiyǔ)表示的動作之前。第二十頁，共38頁。20動詞(dòngcí)不定式的語態(tài)㈠.主動式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(zhǔyǔ)是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時.第二十一頁，共38頁。21動詞(dòngcí)不定式的語態(tài)㈡.被動式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(zhǔyǔ)是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時.第二十二頁，共38頁。22注意(zhùyì)A.動詞(dòngcí)不定式的否認(rèn)式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)副詞not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.第二十三頁，共38頁。23注意(zhùyì)B.動詞不定式之后(zhīhòu)可加疑問詞，通常做主語，賓語。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?第二十四頁，共38頁。24注意(zhùyì)C.作簡短答復(fù)或防止不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常(chángcháng)省去to后面的動詞，只保存to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。第二十五頁，共38頁。251.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned練習(xí)(liànxí)第二十六頁，共38頁。263.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen第二十七頁，共38頁。275.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokindas

usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp第二十八頁，共38頁。287Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning第二十九頁，共38頁。2910.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking

11.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying第三十頁，共38頁。30高考(ɡāokǎo)鏈接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.(2019全國(quánɡuó)I卷)A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathedB

第三十一頁，共38頁。312.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2019北京(běijīnɡ)卷)A.tofind B.findC.tofinding D.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2019北京(běijīnɡ)卷)A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedA

C

第三十二頁，共38頁。324._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2019湖南卷)A.Completing B.CompleteC.Completed D.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2019上海卷)

A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doingDA

第三十三頁，共38頁。336.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,h