高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式及其用法第一頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。1Grammar

一動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形〞構(gòu)成，可以在句中作主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等,但不能作謂語(yǔ)。第二頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。2動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)賓語(yǔ)(bīnyǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)第三頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。3作主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)(wàiyǔ)真的很重要。2.放棄(fàngqì)吸煙是對(duì)的。第四頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。4作賓語(yǔ)(bīnyǔ)Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以(suǒyǐ)他決定找一份工作。2.他容許(róngxǔ)不告述任何人這事。第五頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。5afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

Remember!第六頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。6

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyv-ing.

avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,can’thelpRememberthem!第七頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。7作表語(yǔ)(biǎoyǔ)MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作(gōngzuò)是教英語(yǔ)。2.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。第八頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。8作定語(yǔ)(dìngyǔ)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么(shénme)要說(shuō)的嗎?2.Betty是第一個(gè)知道(zhīdào)這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth第九頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。9Itseemsthathehasnopen______.

A.towriteB.towritewith

C.writingD.writingwith注意(zhùyì)如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.第十頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。10不定式作定語(yǔ)，往往(wǎngwǎng)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.注意(zhùyì)第十一頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。11作狀語(yǔ)(zhuàngyǔ)Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的(mùdì)狀語(yǔ).原因(yuányīn)狀語(yǔ).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)第十二頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。12目的狀語(yǔ):常用的結(jié)構(gòu)—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):常與only,enough或too連用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因(yuányīn)狀語(yǔ):一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.第十三頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。13作賓補(bǔ)Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在這兒(zhèr)。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹(jièshào)Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.第十四頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。141)帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。很多動(dòng)詞如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后面(hòumian)作賓補(bǔ)的不定式都帶to。第十五頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。15如:Hedidn’tallowustosmokeinhishouse. 他不允許我們?cè)谒募依镂鼰煛?)不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。使役動(dòng)詞make,have,let;感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to。如:Hemadeafaceandmade everybodylaugh.他做了一個(gè)(yīɡè)鬼臉,逗得大家都笑了。第十六頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。16如果上述(shàngshù)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不定式就由原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),此時(shí)第2類(lèi)動(dòng)詞(let,have無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))后原來(lái)不帶to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看見(jiàn)他上樓去了。Becareful!注意(zhùyì):第十七頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。17動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.一般(yībān)式(todo).不定式的一般(yībān)式所表示的動(dòng)作〔狀態(tài)〕與句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)〔或幾乎同時(shí)〕發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。第十八頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。18㈡.進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示(biǎoshì)謂語(yǔ)表示(biǎoshì)的動(dòng)作〔情況〕發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示(biǎoshì)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)第十九頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。19動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)㈢.完成(wánchéng)式〔tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前。第二十頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。20動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).第二十一頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。21動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).第二十二頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。22注意(zhùyì)A.動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)不定式的否認(rèn)式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)副詞not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.第二十三頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。23注意(zhùyì)B.動(dòng)詞不定式之后(zhīhòu)可加疑問(wèn)詞，通常做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?第二十四頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。24注意(zhùyì)C.作簡(jiǎn)短答復(fù)或防止不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常(chángcháng)省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保存to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車(chē)，但我叫她別用。第二十五頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。251.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned練習(xí)(liànxí)第二十六頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。263.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen第二十七頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。275.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokindas

usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp第二十八頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。287Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning第二十九頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。2910.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking

11.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying第三十頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。30高考(ɡāokǎo)鏈接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.(2019全國(guó)(quánɡuó)I卷)A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathedB

第三十一頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。312.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2019北京(běijīnɡ)卷)A.tofind B.findC.tofinding D.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2019北京(běijīnɡ)卷)A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedA

C

第三十二頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。324._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2019湖南卷)A.Completing B.CompleteC.Completed D.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2019上海卷)

A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doingDA

第三十三頁(yè)，共38頁(yè)。336.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,h