專題12 八下Units 7-8（知識梳理+?？家族e點點歸納+強化提升練）-中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點幫（江蘇專用）

中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點幫專題12八下Units7-8（知識梳理+?？家族e點點歸納+強化提升練）掌握7-8單元的重點單詞、詞組和句式以及語法，做到熟練運用。一、詞匯1．重點單詞的含義及用法：medicaltreatment醫(yī)學(xué)治療；dooperationsonsb給某人做手術(shù)；trainingcentre培訓(xùn)中心；onboard在飛機（船、火車）上；carryonwithsth．繼續(xù)做某事；handout分發(fā)；發(fā)出；setup創(chuàng)建，建立；takethemedicine服藥；operateonsb．給某人做手術(shù)；modernmedicine現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)；haveacheck檢查;can’taffordtodosth．承擔(dān)不起做某事；beproudtodosth．以做某事而驕傲；makeupone’smindtodosth．下定決心做某事；dependon“依賴，依靠，取決于”；luckily“幸運的是，所幸的是”；produce“制作，制造”；survey“調(diào)查”2．易混詞辨析：withone’shelp在某人的幫助下；providesth．forsb．為某人提供某物；preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases預(yù)防某些嚴(yán)重疾病的傳播；beusedas…被用作……；inhospital和inthehospital的區(qū)別；because和becauseof的區(qū)別；preventsbfromdoingsth．阻止/預(yù)防某人做某事;attendcourses上課；beseparatedinto“被分成---”；separate．．．．．．from“把．．．．．．和．．．．．．分開；allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事；allowdoingsth允許做某事；runout和runoutof的區(qū)別；whattodowith和howtodealwith的區(qū)別；beharmfulto對．．．．．．有害；beharmlessto對．．．．．．無害；notonly．．．．．．but(also)不僅．．．．．．而且．．．．．．；asaresult和asaresultof的區(qū)別；makeadifferenceto“對．．．．．．產(chǎn)生影響”二、句型1．Youhavesomepocketmoneyleft．2．Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas．3．Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital…4．Duringmylastvisit,150patientswereoperatedon．5．I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives．6．soshemadeuphismindtotrainasanurseandattendedcoursesafterwork．7．Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling．8．Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees．9．Wedependonitsrichresourcestolive,soitisimportantforustoprotectitwisely．10．Luckily,wearestartingtousetheenergyfromthesun,wind,andwater．11．Whatdotheydowitholdclothes?12．Coal,oilandnaturalgasisnotonlyusefulforfamilies,buthaveawideruseforfactories．13．Asaresult,itisveryimportantforustousethemwise．14．Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth．．．．．．三、重點語法Unit7Unit8被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時被動語態(tài)的一般將來時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：bedone被動語態(tài)的基本用法被動語態(tài)的特殊用法：主動形式表示被動含義哪些動詞或者詞組沒有被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的將來時結(jié)構(gòu)：willbedone或者begoingtobedoneUnit7重點詞匯和句型1、Youhavesomepocketmoneyleft．left此處是leave的過去分詞，意思是“剩余的”。例如： Attheendoftheparty,wehadsomefoodleft．ORBIS(國際奧比斯組織)Oxfam(<英>牛津饑荒救濟委員會/樂施會)UNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund聯(lián)合國兒童基金會)WWF(WorldWildlifeFund世界野生動物基金)3、Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld．(P93)helpsb．(to)dosth．“幫助某人做某事”；helpsb．withsth．“幫助某人某事”。especiallyadv．“尤其，特別”例如：Iamespeciallybusyonthisweekends．4、Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas．(P93)1．basicadj．“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”。2．education不可數(shù)名詞“教育”。5、Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople．spreadv．“擴散；分布；展開”。例如：Wemustpreventthespreadofthiskindofillness．拓展：spread(spreadspread)既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞，意思是“展開；傳播；散布”。例如：Hespreadthemap．Thenewswasspreadquickly．6、DrMa,pleasetellussomethingaboutblindness．blindness不可數(shù)名詞“失明”例如：Don’tgiveupyourdreambecauseofyourblindness．拓展：blindness是形容詞blind+后綴-ness構(gòu)成的名詞，類似的還有：kindness和藹illness疾病happiness快樂richness富有sadness悲傷7、Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcentre．beusedas…“被用作……．．”．例如：Englishisusedasasecondlanguageinmanycountries．8、Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital…1．a(chǎn)fford及物動詞“買得起；能做；承擔(dān)得起”，后面接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式做賓語。例如：ThehouseissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit．Shecan’taffordtopayforherdaughter’seducation．2．gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去醫(yī)院（看病人或做其他事）9、Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations．onboard“在飛機（船、火車）上”例如：Whenyouareonboard,youshouldturnoffyourmobilephone．10、Duringmylastvisit,150patientswereoperatedon．1．patient在句中用作可數(shù)名詞，“病人，患者”例如：Thesepatientsarewaitingforthedoctortocome．=2\#"#,##0.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"2operate不及物動詞，“開刀，做手術(shù)”，operateonsb．“給某人做手術(shù)”例如：Thedoctorisoperatingonhim．11、I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives．proudadj．“自豪的，驕傲的”。常見的短語：beproudof…“為……．．而自豪”例如：Theyareproudoftheirson．拓展：takepridein…與beproudof…同義“為……．．而自豪”例如：Doyoutakeprideinyourjob?12、Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured．(P95)1．medicine用作不可數(shù)名詞，“醫(yī)學(xué)；藥”?！胺?；吃藥；喝藥”takethemedicine表示例如：Chinesemedicineisverypopularinwesterncountriesnow．Youmusttakethemedicinethreetimesaday．2．develop可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞，“發(fā)展；加強”。拓展：development可用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，“發(fā)展；進展；發(fā)達；發(fā)育”；developing“發(fā)展中的”，developed“發(fā)達的”。3．treat及物動詞，“治療”拓展：treat用作及物動詞，“對待；看待；把……看作”，treat…．a(chǎn)s…”把……看作…．．”例如：Don’ttreatmeasachild．4．辨析：treat與curetreat賓語是人、某種疾病或發(fā)病的部位，強調(diào)治療的過程，指對病人進行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思Thedentististreatingmyteeth．牙科醫(yī)生正在給我看牙。cure賓語可以是人，也可以是某種疾病，強調(diào)治療的結(jié)果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾病Thismedicinewillcureyourtoothache．這種藥課治好你的牙疼。一言辨義：Iwilltrymybesttotreathim,butI’mnotsurewhetherIcancurehim．13、Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork．carryonwithsth．“繼續(xù)做某事”，相當(dāng)于carryondoingsth．,goondoingsth．或continuedoingsth．例如：Let’scarryonwiththework．14、…soshemadeuphismindtotrainasanurseandattendedcoursesafterwork．1．makeupone’smindtodosth．“決定做某事”=decidetodosth．例如：Hemadeuphismindtoreturntohishometown．2．a(chǎn)ttend及物動詞，“上（學(xué)）；去（教堂）”，還可以是“參加；出席；到場”例如：Childrenbetween5and16mustattendschool．Hewasill,sohedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday．15、India印度India名詞，“印度”；Indian“印度的；印度人的”例如：HeisfromIndia,andheisanIndian．（2022·江蘇蘇州·中考真題）59．Thecharityistryingtohelpthosewhocan’t__________(haveenoughmoneytopayforsomething)medicaltreatment．（2022·江蘇泰州·中考真題）6．Thesummervacationiscoming．Don’tswiminthelake,________whenyouarealone．A．probably B．possibly C．especially D．exactly（2023·江蘇揚州·中考真題）12．Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning．A．hits B．ishit C．ishitting D．willbehit（2023·江蘇無錫·中考真題）47．ThisT-shirt__________(make)ofsilkanditfeelsverysmooth．（2023·江蘇泰州·中考真題）4．Mostneighbours________thehabitofsquaredancingtocreateaquieterenvironmentforus．A．getinto B．careabout C．carryon D．giveup（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）41．Don’tgiveup________(嘗試)．I’msureyouwillsucceed．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）9．WhenIwasapupil,someofmypocketmoney________tobuycomicbooks．A．use B．isused C．used D．wasused（2023·江蘇常州·中考真題）2．MyfathergoesbacktoNanjingfortheSpringFestivaleveryyear________lastyearbecausehewasbusywithhisworkinChangzhou．A．including B．since C．except D．till（2023·江蘇蘇州·中考真題）33．Ourcountryhasa__________(驕傲的)recordofsportingachievement．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）12．TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter．It________bypeopleofallages．A．isloved B．wasloved C．willlove D．isloving（2022·江蘇揚州·中考真題）13．—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivitylastSunday．—Yes,it________byourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests．A．organizes B．organized C．wasorganized D．willbeorganized（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）8．WearethattheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworld．A．friendlyB．braveC．nervousD．proud（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）12．UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,________inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII．A．setup B．wassetup C．tookupD．wastakenup（2022·江蘇泰州·中考真題）64．Jiangsuautomatic(自動化)testoflisteningandspeaking_______(hold)inAprileveryyear．一、詞匯拼寫1．TheInternetmakesthe（傳播）ofinformationbecomequickerandquicker．2．Therearemanybeautifulflowersinourschool,（尤其）inAprilandMay．3．Modernmedicineisdevelopingsoquicklythatmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbe___．(makeanillnessgoaway)．4．DrWanghas（cutaperson’sbodyopentotakeoutorrepair）onthreepeoplewitharmproblemssince6a．m．5．Theweathersuddenlybecameverycold,sothereweremany（peoplewhoareill,especiallyinhospital）inthathospital．6．AsaChinese,Iamvery_________(自豪的)oftheprosperity(繁榮)ofourmotherland．7．Ihaven'tsavedenoughmoney,soIcan't______________togoabroadthissummer．8．Shehada_________(檢查)ontheguestlistagainandagaintomakesureofthenumberofpeopleintheparty．9．Pleaseaskthe___________(秘書)tomyoffice．Ihavesomethingimportanttotellthem．10．．Ithinkeveryoneshouldhavetherighttoreceivegood(教育)．11．Pleasepassmethe_________(采訪者)namestome．Iwanttoknowaboutthem．12．Chinesepeoplehopetogetbetter_____________(醫(yī)療的)treatmentinthenearfuture．13．Manychildrencan’tgotoschool,__________(mainly)inmountainareas．14．Thecoursecoversmanytopics,____________theknowledgeofEnglishgrammar．(包括)15．Thankyoufor________（動手術(shù)）onthemonthephone．16．Most_______（illness）canbecuredbythosedoctors．17、Thedoctorsdidn’tknowwhatcausedtheoldman’s（失明）．18．Hesayshiscountrywantsto________________(發(fā)展)itsfriendshipwithChina．19．Insomecountries,blackpeopledon’thavethesame(權(quán)利)aswhites．20．Weshouldtreateveryone_______．(平等地)21．IloveYangzhou,____________(尤其是)inspring．22．Someonehasleftawindowopen____________(粗心大意)．23．Allthekidsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatacowhasfour__________．(胃)24．Howlonghaveyou____________(借)thebook?25．Heispatientenoughto___________(解釋)thethingtous．26．Theyhavejusthada______________(discuss)aboutwheretospendtheirholidays．27．Whentheguestenteredthehall,MrsSmithstoodupandgreetedhim________(polite)．28．Hewassotiredoutthathefoundhimself________（able）tomoveoutofthehotel．29．Livingtogetherwithmyfriendswasagreat__________．(pleasant)30．Somehusbandscarelessabouttheir______(wife)feelingsandseldomhelpthemdohousework．二、動詞填空1．The29th

Olympics__________inBeijingnextyear．

(willhold)2．Ithinkhe__________thisworktomorrowmorning．

(finish)3．Thisbuilding_________inzoo．

(build)4．Doyouknowwho___________thetelephone?

(invent)5．Theytoldme__________earliertomorrow．

(come)6．Theboyisoftenseen__________baseballbyus．

(play)7．Look!Thestudents___________thestreet．

(cross)8．Listen!Agirlisheard__________inthenextroom．

(sing)Unit8重點詞匯和句型InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperareseparatedintodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled．beseparatedinto意為“被分成---”；separate．．．．．．from意為“把．．．．．．和．．．．．．分開/分離”例如：Mymotherisseparatingthegoodapplesfromthebadones．Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling．sendsthtosb=sendsbsth意為“把某物寄/送給某人”例如：Hesentapresenttoheryesterday=Hesentherapresentyesterday．3、Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees．（P108）=1\*GB3①example“例子，榜樣，模范”；forexample“例如”，giveagoodexampletoothers為別人樹立好榜樣。=2\*GB3②allow意為“允許”，allowsbtodosth:允許某人做某事；allowdoingsth:允許做某事例如：Theydon'tallowstudentstowearearrings．Hedoesn'tallowfishinghere．cutdown“砍伐，砍倒，縮短”cutoff切除，割掉，剪下cutout裁剪cutup切碎4、Wedependonitsrichresourcestolive,soitisimportantforustoprotectitwisely．dependon意為“依賴，依靠，取決于”例如：Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth．萬物生長靠太陽。5、Luckily,wearestartingtousetheenergyfromthesun,wind,andwater．luckily意為“幸運的是，所幸的是”，是副詞，其反義詞是：unluckily,意為“不幸地”；luck意為“機會，運氣，機遇”是不可數(shù)名詞；lucky意為“幸運的，走好運的”例如：Luckily,theweatherwasnottoohot．6、Thesenewtypesofenergycostverylittleandwillneverrunout．=1\*GB3①runout表示“用完，耗盡”，是不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間，食物，金錢等；runoutofsth．表示“用完．．．．．．,耗盡．．．．．．”是及物動詞短語，表示主動含義，主語一般是人。例如：Eddie'sfoodsoonranout．Susanhasrunoutofhoneyfortea．7、Moreover,theyproducelittlepollution．produce做動詞，意為“制作，制造”8、Whatdotheydowitholdclothes?dowith意為“處理，處置”，常與疑問詞what連用，側(cè)重與對某事物的利用或處置。dealwith意為“對付，處理”，多與疑問詞how連用，強調(diào)處理某事物的方式、方法。例如：Whatwillyoudowithmyoldbooks?Howdidyoudealwiththeproblems?9、Ifwedonotacttoimprovetheenvironment,morelivingthingswillbekilledbypollution．（P114）act是不及物動詞，意為“行動”；action是名詞，意為“行動”例如：Wemustactnowtoprotectthewildlife．區(qū)分alive,living,live,livelyalive活著的，作表語時，修飾人或物均可，這時可與living互換；作定語時應(yīng)后置。living活著的，主要作前置定語，也可作表語。theliving意為“活著的人”。live活的；直播的；作定語一般修飾物。lively活潑的，生機勃勃的；既可做表語，也可做定語，修飾人或物均可。10、Herearetheresultsofthesurvey．survey意為“調(diào)查”，是可數(shù)名詞11、Airpollutionisharmfultoourhealth．harmful意為“有害的”，其反義詞是harmless(無害的)。beharmfulto=bebadfor意為“對．．．．．．有害”beharmlessto:對．．．．．．無害例如：WatchingTVtoomuchisharmfultoyoureyesight．Youcaneatthiskindofvegetable．It'sharmless．12、Coal,oilandnaturalgasisnotonlyusefulforfamilies,buthaveawideruseforfactories．notonly．．．．．．but(also),意為“不僅．．．．．．而且．．．．．．"，它連接兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相似，語法功能相同的成分。該短語連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞與butalso之后的主語保持一致。例如：NotonlyhebutalsoIamgoodatEnglish．13、Asaresult,itisveryimportantforustousethemwise．a(chǎn)saresult,是副詞短語，意為“結(jié)果，因此”其后接表示事情結(jié)果的句子。asaresultof是介詞短語，意為“因為，由于”，其后常接表示原因的名詞、代詞等，相當(dāng)于becauseof。例如：Susangotuplatethismorning．Asaresult,shemissedthefirstbus．Thepoorboywaslateasaresultof/becauseoftheheavytrafficjam．14、Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth．．．．．．step意為“步驟，措施”，是可數(shù)名詞。15、Inordertosavepower,weshouldturnoffthelightswhenweleavearoom．inorderto意為“目的是，為了”，其后接動詞原形。inorderto常與sothat或不定式進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:Lindaarrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat．=Lindaarrivedearlysothatshecouldgetagoodseat．=Togetagoodseat,Lindaarrivedearly．16、Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth．makeadifferenceto意為“對．．．．．．產(chǎn)生影響”例如：workinghardcouldmakeabigdifferencetoourlives．（2023·江蘇常州·中考真題）54．幸運的是，這場大火被及時撲滅了。_______________________________________________________（2023·江蘇連云港·中考真題）5．Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees________nextyear．A．plant B．willplant C．a(chǎn)replanted D．willbeplanted（2023·江蘇南通·中考真題）9．Thewindenergycostsverylittleandwillnever________．Besides,itproduceslittlepollution．A．blowout B．runout C．putout D．breakout（2023·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）12．Theenergyfromthesunandthewindcostslittleandwillnever________．A．turnout B．putout C．cutout D．runout（2022·江蘇蘇州·中考真題）35．It’snecessaryforteenagerstolearnhowtospendtheirpocketmoney_________（明智地）．（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）56．Naturalresourcesareveryimportantforusandweshouldusethem____________（明智地）．（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）46．Followthesesmall________,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth!一、單項選擇1．—Wouldyoumind______themusicalittle?Don’tyouthinkit’stooloud?—Sorry!I’lldoitinaminute．A．turningon B．turningoff C．turningup D．turningdown2．—HowmuchisthetickettoCentralPark?—Aone-wayticket_____$40,andyoucan_____another$20foraround-trip．A．costs,pay B．cost,spend C．pay,spend D．spends,pay3．—Doyouknowwhyhedidn't______awordwhenhe______to?—Becausehewastoonervous．A．speak,speaks B．say,wasspokenC．say,spoke D．speak,isspoken4．Theheavysnowdidn’ttheinternationalairlinesA．payattentiontoB．a(chǎn)ddto C．makeadifferencetoD．keepto5．Myparentsgettingupearlyonweekdays．A．usedto B．beusedtoC．wasusedtoD．a(chǎn)reusedto6．----Whatwillyoudowiththewastepaper?----Thewastepaperaswellastheusedbooks_______totherecyclingcompany．A．isgoingtosendB．a(chǎn)regoingtosendC．isgoingtobesentD．a(chǎn)regoingtobesent7．-----Tomandhisparentswillhelpusworkinthepark．-----That’sgreat．Ifmorepeopletakepart,theparkwillbe________inashortertime．A．cleanedoutB．cleaneddownC．cleanedupD．cleanedaway8．---Chinaisacountrywith_______resources．---That’strue．ButChinaisalsoacountrywiththelargestnumberofpeople．A．richB．poorC．highD．low9．----Afterthesportsmeeting,therearesomanywaterbottlesinthedustbin．----Soourclubwillstartaprojecttocollectthemsothattheywillbe_______．A．repliedB．returnC．reduceD．reused10．-----Sir,didyouseethesign“NoParking”?-----Sorry,Ididn’tknowparkingisn’t_________here．A．preventedB．refusedC．a(chǎn)llowedD．excepted11．Areportsaysthattheworld’snaturalgasdeposits(存儲)_______earlyinthenextcentury．A．willrunoutB．willberunoutC．willuseupD．willbecleanedup12．WhichofthefollowingactionsisNOTpartofgreenlife?A．Burningrubbishintheopenair．B．PlantingtreesinspringC．Walkingorridingbikestoschool．D．Takingashoppingbasketwhengoingshopping．13．Hisparentsfound_______totellhimeverythingthathadhappened．A．itnecessaryB．thatnecessaryC．thisnecessaryD．necessary14．—Doyouknowifhe_____backtomorrow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow．Ifhe_____back,Iwilltellyouatonce．A．comes;comes B．comes;willcomeC．willcome;comes D．willcome;willcome15．—Letmehelpyoucarrythebox,Granny．—Thankyou,LiPing．It’sverykind__________you__________me．A．of;tohelp B．for;tohelp C．of;helping D．for;tohelping16．Wehavediscussedtheprojectfortwohours．Andafterashortbreak,thediscussion________．A．willcarryonB．willbecarriedonC．hascarriedonD．werecarriedon17．Whenthefirestarted,Tomwas________tohelpallthechildrenout．Heisbothbraveandsmart．A．toocalmB．calmenoughC．toonervousD．nervousenough18．----Howsoonwillthesewastebottlesberecycled?----_______．Wehavecalledtherecyclingcompany．A．AnhouragoB．InanhourC．AfteranhourD．Foranhour19．_____isreallyhard______themtoclimbsuchahighmountain．A．This;toB．It;toC．This;forD．It;for20．-----IfIworkhardatmylessonsfromnowon,canIdowellinthem?------Sure．________．A．Allriversrunintothesea．B．EverydayisnotSunday．C．BetterlatethanneverD．Manyhandsmakelightwork二、詞匯拼寫1．Drinkingwaterwith__________________（塑料）cupsaffectsourhealth．2．Heworkedhardandworkedouta_____________________（認(rèn)真的）planforthisproject．3．Livingagreenlifecanhelp__________________（減少）pollution．4．Coalis________________（挖掘）upfromtheground．Itprovidesenergyforus．5．The_________（調(diào)查）ismadetofindouthowmuchpressureteenagersaresufferingatpresent．6．Whatdoyouknowaboutour___________________（組織）?7．Johndoeseverything______________（粗心）,sohismotherisalwaysworriedabouthim．8．Wasteis_________________（分開）intodifferentgroupsinsomecountries．9．Smokingtoomuchis_________________（有害的）toourhealth．Bettergiveitup．10．Thebottomoftheseaisrichinoil__________________（資源）．11．Canyoutellthe___________________betweenthetwopictures（different）?12．Peoplecanbuysomething____________________fromasecond-handshop．（use）13．Beforeyouleave,makesurethatallthewindows__________________(close)．14．Inordertomakelivingareasbetter,moretreesneed___________(plant)15．Howboringitis_________________(listen)tosuchauselessreport!16．Wewon’thaveaclearskyifairpollutionisnot_________________(limit)．17．_______________hasbeenmoreandmorepopularinourdailylives．(recycle)18．Remembertoturnoffthelightwhen______________theroom．(leave)19．Ourschoollooks_________________withmorebambooaroundit．(nice)20．Ithinktheenergyfromthesunwon’t_________________．(handout)U7-U8核心語法講解一、被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞的過去分詞各種時態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動詞do為例）時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般將來時will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone二、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1．主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。=2\*GB3②把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。=3\*GB3③謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong．HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus．主動語態(tài)：動作執(zhí)行者+謂語動詞主動形式+動作承受者被動語態(tài)：動作承受者+謂語動詞被動形式+動作執(zhí)行者2．帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語；=2\*GB3②若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語；=3\*GB3③若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook．(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Iwasgivenabookbyher．（間接賓語me改為了主語）Abookwasgiventomebyher．（直接賓語abook改為了主語）3．動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely．Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely．4．to的“前世今生”在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復(fù)合賓語由動詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。eg．Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong．（主動語態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong．（被動語態(tài)）▲有這種用法的常用動詞有：一感二聽三使四看，主動語態(tài)to省略，被動語態(tài)to還原。seesbdosth（主動語態(tài)）sbbeseentodo（被動語態(tài)）一感二聽三使（使役動詞）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（馬蘭花）see、watch、notice、observe5．初中階段不使用被動語態(tài)的情況A．系動詞無被動Thedishtastesdelicious．Theapplesmellssweet．B．某些說明名詞本身性質(zhì)的動詞。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts．Thiskindofclothwasheswell．(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly寫起來流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell．“sell”此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來…．．”作及物動詞為“賣、出售”）C．Need+V-ing“需要被…．”Mycarneedsrepairing．我的車需要修理D．Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife．E．不及物動詞appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比較rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen．(對)Thepricehasrisen．(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek．(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek．(錯)Thepricehasraised．(對)Thepricehasbeenraised．6．系表結(jié)構(gòu)PK被動語態(tài)有些“be+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）。”eg:（1）

（2）一、單項選擇()1．Thesechildrenare________fromthecity．A．mostlyB．mostC．mainlyD．main()2．Asadoctor,youshouldbepatient_______allthepatients．A．inB．withC．onD．of()3．—Dad，Iwasthefirsttoreachthetopofthehill．—Goodjob,Mary．I’m_______ofyou．A．a(chǎn)fraidB．proudC．tiredD．careful()4．Weshould________goodeatinghabits．A．growB．developC．increaseD．find()5．Thegovernmentwantsto_______aschoolforthepoorchildren．A．putoffB．setupC．callinD．lookafter()6．EarthDay_______in1970totellustoprotectourplanet．A．setsupB．setupC．issetupD．wassetup()7．Eachyearquitealotoffood________aroundtheworld．A．waswastedB．iswastedC．wastedD．willbewasted()8．Mum,I’mhungrynow_________Ididn’thavebreakfastthismorning．A．becauseB．becauseofC．a(chǎn)ndD．but()9．—Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?—Well,itall_________theweather．A．belongstoB．happenstoC．dependsonD．concentrateson()10．YesterdayI_________allthesalttocookdumplings．Ineedtobuysomenow．A．a(chǎn)teupB．runoutofC．ranofD．ranoutof()11．Whenwillthebirthdayparty________,onMondayeveningorTuesdayevening?A．holdB．beheldC．heldD．beholding()12．You’dbettertakethemapwithyou_________youwon’tgetlost．A．a(chǎn)slongasB．a(chǎn)ssoonasC．nowthatD．sothat()13．—WhenshouldIhandinmypaper?—Yourpapermust__________assoonasthebell___________．A．handin;ringsB．handin;willringC．behandedin;willringD．behandedin;rings()14．AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek．A．willputonB．willbeputonC．isgoingtoputonD．willbeputtedon()15．—Ourclassroom____________everyday．—Soitis．It'sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy．A．cleansB．iscleaningC．iscleanedD．cleaning二、動詞填空1．一Sam,you (watch)TVagain!Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?—Ofcourse,Mum;orIwon^turnontheTV．．2．Don’trisk (lose)yourjob．Youknow,itisnoteasytofindagoodonenow．3．TheBrowns (tie)somestickstothetreeswhenIwalkedintotheirgarden．4．It'sthousandsofyearssincetheGreatWall (build)．Howamazing!5．一DearMom,I (grow)up．Pleasedon'ttreatmelikeachildanylonger．—OK,Iwon’tpromise．6．AsArtificialIntelligence（人工智能）develops,life(change)greatlyinthefuture．7．You’renotlate．You’renotearly．Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmoment．(act)So,relax．8．InthefilmWrestingDad,fathersaidtohisdaughter,“Beforeyou(fight),youneedtofightwithyourfear．”三、完成句子1．校長已經(jīng)下定決心提供更多的藝術(shù)課程給學(xué)生選擇。Theprincipalmoreartlessonsforstudentstochoosefrom．2．那女孩在公共場合那樣表達自己是不夠明智的。Itwasnot inthatwayinpublic．3我表弟習(xí)慣于一個人坐火車旅行，他覺得這是一種享受。 Mycousin bytrainandheenjoysitverymuch．4．梵高作品展出兩個星期了，可我還沒機會去參觀。ThepaintingsofVanGogh fortwoweeks,butIdidn'tgetachancetogo．5．弗恩很傷心，因為幾個月之后小豬威爾伯就被送到另一個農(nóng)場了。FinnwasverysadbecauseWilbur justafewmonthslater．6．智慧教育工程將會對我們未來的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。TheProjectSmartEducationwill ourfuturestudy．【2023年南京市玄武區(qū)中考一模英語試題】一、單項選擇（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下列各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1．Pleasereadthepoemontheright．Whichwordisthemostsuitablefor________?ASpringMorningByMengHaoranThisspringmorninginbedI’mlying,Nottoawaketillbirdsarecrying．Afteronenightofwindand▲,Howmanyarethefallenflowers?A．rains B．storms C．snows D．showers2．—Everythinghedoesis________towhatisconsiderednormal．—Althoughhelooksalittledifferent,hehasachievedalotinthemathfield．A．similar B．relative C．opposite D．close3．Thecouplewho________presentedwiththeawardModelCouplewillgiveaspeechontheirlife．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．have D．has4．—________you’rebreathing!Youmusthaverunhere．—Yes．IhadtorunbecauseIdidn’twanttokeepyouwaiting．A．Whatheavy B．Howheavy C．Howheavily D．Whatheavily5．—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________．—Don’tworry．Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough．A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is6．________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor．A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching7．Youwon’tfullyexperiencethecultureofaforeigncountry________yougothereinperson．A．because B．unless C．if D．a(chǎn)ssoonas8．Theearlierwetakeactiontoprotectourenvironment,the________itwillbeforourfuture．A．better B．best C．worse D．worst9．—Bruce________somuchinthepasttwoyea