unit1-Art-Grammar市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMAR語(yǔ)法英語(yǔ)組吳荔華5/8/20241/70一.語(yǔ)氣分類

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通可帶三種不一樣語(yǔ)氣:陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.不一樣語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞不一樣形式來(lái)表示。1.陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣(TheindicativeMood)用來(lái)陳說(shuō)一個(gè)事實(shí),或提出一個(gè)看法,有必定，否定，疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.

HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使語(yǔ)氣(TheImperativeMood)用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)，命令，警告或勸說(shuō)等.Let’shaveatalk.

Don’tjumpinthequeue.2/703.虛擬語(yǔ)氣(TheSubjunctiveMood)一是表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)話不是事實(shí),而是一個(gè)假設(shè),愿望,懷疑或推測(cè)(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人愿望、要求、命令、提議等(在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。IfIwere

abird,Iwouldflyhigh.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.5/8/20243/70SubjunctiveMood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在‘if’條件句中使用方法（分四點(diǎn)）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中使用方法（分四點(diǎn)）虛擬語(yǔ)氣其它使用方法（分四點(diǎn)）4/70虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中一、在條件句(叫虛擬條件句)中，表示與事實(shí)相反條件。分三種情況(以do為例)：表示與事實(shí)情況相反

條件從句謂語(yǔ)形式

主句謂語(yǔ)形式1.表示現(xiàn)在情況 過(guò)去式(did)(be慣用were)would/could/might/should+do2.表示過(guò)去情況 過(guò)去完成式(had+done) 4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone3.表示未來(lái)情況 ①過(guò)去式(did)②should+do③weretodo 4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do5/701）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

條件從句

主句

普通過(guò)去時(shí)（be多用于were)would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形eg.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.假如我有空，我就去那兒。6/70What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

wonthelottery,I

would…IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.7/70IfI

won

thelottery,I

wouldbuyanexpensivecar.

8/70IfI

had

alotofmoney

I

would

buyavilla.9/70a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.10/70c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask11/702）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

條件從句

主句

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

would/should/could/might＋havedone

eg.

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn′thavemissedthebus.假如你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，你就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)那輛公共汽車了。12/70Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

13/70IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

14/70a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.15/70c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone16/703）與未來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反條件從句

主句

普通過(guò)去時(shí)（be多用were）should+dowereto+do

would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形

eg.Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他來(lái)了,我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？

17/70Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.18/70假如他來(lái)了,我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看見(jiàn)我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.19/70a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks20/70c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe21/70條件從句If從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)Review:虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中使用方法。22/70條件從句If從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.23/70條件從句If從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式未來(lái)1.過(guò)去時(shí)2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)24/70[例句]Ifyouhad

comeafewminutesearlier,youwould

havemethim.

要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘話，你就能見(jiàn)到他了。2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.

明天要是天氣好話，我來(lái)看你。3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.

假如我是你話，我會(huì)馬上走。25/70二、混合條件句:主句與從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不一樣時(shí)間,這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不一樣而不一樣。例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.26/70Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.27/70也稱錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.

假如他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)話，現(xiàn)在干就會(huì)輕易些。

2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.

假如他不聽(tīng)取我提議，他就不會(huì)干得這么好。28/70三、if省略假如條件句中有were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞，可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,來(lái)表示以if引導(dǎo)條件句相同意思。eg.Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.29/70四、含蓄條件句

即用butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(不然),inthatcase(假如是那樣話),表示含蓄條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

eg.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Iftherehadn’tbeen/wehadn’tgothishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.30/70Practice:Fillintheblankswithproperforms:He_________(tell)youifhe______(know),I’msure.2.IfI____(have)moretime,I___________(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.3.Ifhe______(be)here,he__________(show)ushowtoperformtheexperiment.4.IfI______(be)you,I_________(pay)moreattentiontoEnglishidioms.5.I___________(help)youifI______(can).6.IfI____________(receive)youre-mail,I____________________(answer)itlongago.wouldtellknewhadwouldlearnwerewerecouldwouldshowwouldpaywouldhelphadreceivedwouldhaveanswered31/707.Ifyou___________(start)theworkearlier,you___________________(finish)itbynow.8.Ifwe__________(notrely)onourownstreng-thwe________________(die)ofstarvation.9.IfI__________(know)youraddress,I____________________(write)toyouthen.10.IfI___________(notbe)busy,I____________(come)tohelp.11.Ifwe___________(start)outfiveminuteslater,we__________________(miss)thetrain.12.You_______________(meet)thefamousscientistifyou__________(come)yesterday.hadstartedwouldhavefinishedhadn’treliedwouldhavediedhadknownhadn’tbeenwouldhavemissedwouldwouldhavecomehadstartedhadcomewouldhavemethavewritten32/7013.IfI__________(tell)him,he__________(be)greatlysurprised.14.IfI__________(do)it,I______probably_____(do)itinthesameway.15.Ifhe_______________(be)heretomorrow,you___________(ask)himaboutityourself.16.We_________(be)verypleasedifyou______________(attend)thegatheringtonight.17.I___________(ask)himtoringyouupifI____________________________(see)him.18.Ifyou___________(canget)backnextweek,we_________(go)campingtogether.weretotellwouldbewouldwere/shouldbewerewouldaskcouldaskwouldbetoattendsaw/shouldsee/weretoseecouldgetwouldgoweretododo33/70真實(shí)條件句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系

句型:條件從句主句

普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形eg.Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.a.虛擬條件句表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn),采取虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

b.

真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn),采取陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。34/70Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真實(shí)條件句主句為未來(lái)時(shí),從句用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)。35/70注意：在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示未來(lái),該用shall,will.(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.36/702)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式。37/70虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中一、用于主語(yǔ)從句中:(1)用在Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that從句中,從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形:

eg:It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiers

besenttothefieldhospitalatonce.主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句38/70(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/odd/natural/surprising/essential/best/vital/shocking/sad/regrettable/apity/ashame/nowonder+that從句中,從句經(jīng)慣用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

:

eg.Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.It’sapitythatIshoulddoitagain.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.39/70但(2)部分也可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:

eg.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.40/70二.用于賓語(yǔ)從句中：（1）在動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,或?qū)ξ磥?lái)主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞普通用were)。41/70IwishI

were

astallasyou.42/70IwishI

were

abird.43/70Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.44/70Iwish/wishedI

hadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.2)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞慣用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。45/70Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

hadnevergonetoit.46/703)表示對(duì)未來(lái)主觀愿望:從句動(dòng)詞形式為“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。注意:主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)不能相同,因?yàn)橹骶渲髡Z(yǔ)所期望從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語(yǔ)態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)物名詞除外)。希望你立刻來(lái)。Iwishyou

wouldcomesoon.47/70Iwishit

wouldraintomorrow.48/70eg.1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.

我希望她能站在我一邊。

2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.

我希望自己能年輕三十歲。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.

我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.

他想要是他沒(méi)這么做該多好。Summary:wish接賓語(yǔ)從句有三種情況：1)現(xiàn)在：用過(guò)去式2)過(guò)去：用過(guò)去完成式(haddone)3)未來(lái)：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would/could)+do49/70(2)表示提議(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等動(dòng)詞后面接賓語(yǔ)從句用should+do組成,should能夠省略。eg.Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.

他要求學(xué)生每七天都要自己洗衣服。50/70注意：insist/suggest各有兩種意思,要用不一樣語(yǔ)氣insist表示“果斷要求”時(shí),用虛擬形式,即should+do;insist表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。suggest表示“提議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。suggest表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。eg.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.

老師提議我們課后把黑板擦了。2)Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.

他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡方法按時(shí)去那兒。

3)Heinsistedthathewasright.

51/70（3）would/hadrather(寧愿)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中

當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用普通過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

eg.

Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.

Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdoneit.52/70(1)在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面表語(yǔ)從句中:eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.(2)當(dāng)asif,asthough引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí):eg.Helooksasifhewereanartist.

Theyappearasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.三、用于表語(yǔ)從句中：53/70同位語(yǔ)從句先行詞常是advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion（表示說(shuō)話人愿望、提議、要求、命令）等名詞。eg.Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.(值班)四、用于同位語(yǔ)從句中：54/70虛擬語(yǔ)氣其它使用方法一、由asif(asthough)或eventhough(evenif)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)或“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。eg.ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

hadbeenthereherself.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.55/70Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.56/70注意:假如表示事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生,那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。eg.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

EvenifIhavetowalkalltheway,I’llgetthere.

57/70二、當(dāng)incase,lest,forfearthat等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用(should)+原形動(dòng)詞。eg.

Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在這類情況中,incase引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句也可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,如:

eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

58/70三、ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊表示現(xiàn)在情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;假如是過(guò)去情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)eg.

Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.

IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!59/70四、在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí),或should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略):eg.

Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.

It’stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.

Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.60/70虛擬語(yǔ)氣高考鏈接1.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此題A、D顯著不合上下文，因?yàn)橐曳經(jīng)]有去。B選項(xiàng)若為wouldhave則成立，能夠了解為IwouldhavecomeifIhadn’thadanunexpectedvisitor.簡(jiǎn)略式。但此處是would,故應(yīng)排除。只有wasgoingto可得體地表示“我原本打算去，不過(guò)有不速之客造訪”這一意思。

61/702.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：觀察題干，可知全句表示是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故答案為D。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣高考鏈接3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：依據(jù)insist后賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)要用(should)do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。62/70虛擬語(yǔ)氣高考鏈接4.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此題表與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反原望，答案應(yīng)為C。

5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一個(gè)含蓄條件句，主句表述是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故答案為D。

63/706.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中鉛筆看上去是斷，但實(shí)際上并非如此，所以是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)asif從句謂語(yǔ)要用普通過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為C。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣高考鏈接64/707._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldn

thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析：依據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)形式，可知從句要用haddone形式，故應(yīng)選A，Haditnotbeenforyourhelp＝Ifithad