英語四級專題培訓(xùn)市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

大學(xué)英語四級考前輔導(dǎo)外國語學(xué)院張超第1頁第1頁CET-4CollegeEnglishTestBand4ThenextwinnerwillbeYOU第2頁第2頁試卷構(gòu)成測試內(nèi)容測試題型百分比第一部分：聽力理解35minutes聽力對話短對話多選35%長對話多選聽力短文短文理解多選短文聽寫復(fù)合式聽寫第二部分：閱讀理解仔細(xì)閱讀理解(25minutes)篇章閱讀理解多選35%篇章詞匯理解選詞填空快速閱讀理解(15minutes)是非判斷+句子填空或其它第三部分：綜合測試完型填空或改錯（15minutes）多選15%錯誤辨認(rèn)并更正篇章問答或句子翻譯（5minutes）簡短回答中譯英第四部分：寫作寫作(30minutes)短文寫作15%一、測試內(nèi)容、題型和百分比第3頁第3頁大學(xué)英語四級知多少？英語四級710分閱讀理解寫作和翻譯聽力理解綜合測試按計分分為四大塊第4頁第4頁寫作和翻譯部分分值百分比為20%；其中寫作部分（Writing）15%，翻譯部分（Translation）5%。寫作體裁包括議論文、闡明文、應(yīng)用文等。翻譯部分測試是句子、短語或慣用表示層次上中譯英能力。寫作和翻譯第5頁第5頁閱讀理解部分分值百分比為35%；其中仔細(xì)閱讀部分（ReadinginDepth）25%，快速閱讀部分（SkimmingandScanning）10%。仔細(xì)閱讀部分分為：a）選擇題型篇章閱讀理解；b）篇章層次詞匯理解（BankedCloze）或短句問答（ShortAnswerQuestions）?？焖匍喿x理解部分測試是瀏覽閱讀和查讀能力。閱讀理解第6頁第6頁聽力理解部分分值百分比為35%。其中聽力對話15%，聽力短文20%。聽力對話部分包括短對話和長對話聽力理解；聽力短文部分包括選擇題型短文理解和復(fù)合式聽寫。復(fù)合式聽寫：第一遍為全文朗讀，中間沒有任何停止；第二遍有間隔停止，讓考生依據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容寫出所缺單詞和句子大意；第三遍朗讀與第一遍同樣，沒有停止，主要供考生進(jìn)行核對。聽力理解第7頁第7頁完型填空或改錯部分分值百分比為10%。完型填空部分采用多選題型，改錯部分要求是辨認(rèn)錯誤并更正。綜合測試第8頁第8頁一、寫作

閱卷原則分為5等：14分、11分、8分、5分和2分。閱卷人員有原則樣卷一至二份，參考樣卷對考生作文進(jìn)行評分。先擬定短文檔次，然后則上下浮動1分。

(1)14分原則：切題，表示思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。

(2)11分原則:切題，表示思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少許語言錯誤。

(3)8分原則：基本切題，有些地方表示思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，語言錯誤相稱多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。

(4)5分原則：基本切題，表示思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。

(5)2分原則：條理不清，思緒紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子都有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。除了以上五個主要原則之外，評分時還考慮下列三個原因：

(1)白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾種孤立詞而無法表示思想，則給零分。

(2)字?jǐn)?shù)不足者酌情扣分，所計字?jǐn)?shù)不包括卷面上已給主題句。

(3)只寫一段者0～4分，只寫兩段者0～9分。

累積字?jǐn)?shù)90-9980-8970-7960-6950-59<49扣分123579第9頁第9頁Friendshipismoreandmoreimportantinourdailylifeasthesunshinestheflowers.Once,thatwehavemanyfriendswhocanbegoodlistenerswhenwefeelhappy,wemustenjoyourlivesmore.Onsecendthoughts,ifwehadn'thavefriendwithotherpeople,wewouldfeelaloneandwewouldbecomeunheathly.However,ifthat,someonewouldconsiderweascrazymenorsomethingwrongwithourheads.Inmordentime,therearemanyfactorstokeepfriends,forexample,loyalty,honesty,tolerance,communication.Butinmyopinion,communicationisthemostimportantthing.Atfirst,wemakefriendsbycommunication.Ifwedidn'tknowanythingaboutother,wecan'tmakefriendswithother.Second,anyhowwearguewitheachothersometimes.Tosolvethisproblem,theonlythingiscommunication.Havingfriendscantakesmilingandhappytous.Sharingonehappinesscanbecometwo.Sowhynotmakingmoreandmorefriends?（147words）Grade：3

樣卷分?jǐn)?shù)示例第10頁第10頁Inthemordentime,peoplealsoneedhonesty.Honesty,whichlikesabrigecrossingtherivercontacteachbank,showourturehearts.Theexistingofhonesty,whenweintervieworcommunicationwithotherpeople,canmakebetterpressiontoeachother.Thehonestyisn'toutofdate.Theoldmenneed,wefashionmenneedtoo.Thereisanexampletoillustrate:whenwetakepartintheWTO,thepresentofChiazhutoldusthefirstthingweshoulddowastobecomehonestywehntradewithforeigners.Although,someofforeignersarenothonestyenough,weshouldkeephonestywithoutmoving.Inmyownopinion,becausehonestyisusefulandhelpful,soitisneededandcan'toutofdatepermanent.(121Words)

Grade：5

第11頁第11頁WhyColledgeStudentsTakeaPart-TimejobMoreandmorestudentshavepart-timejobstheseyears.ThePart-timejobmakestheirlifebecomecolorful,sothemembersoftakingpart-timejobsarebecominglarger.Whycollegestudentstakeapart-timejob?Thereasonaredifferent.Onereasonisthatsomestudentsarepoor.Theytakeapart-timejobtoincreasetheirincomewhichcanreleivetheloadoftheirparents.anotheristhatsomestudentswanttoexperientsthelifeoutofschool.Theyfeelthelifeinthecollegeisdullandcolorlessandtheywanttochangeit.Theywanttobebusyindoingeverythingthatmakesthemlookslikesuccess.Butthemostimportantreason,Ithink,isthatpart-timejobcangivethechanceoftakingexercise.Itissignificantforcollegestudentstotakeapart-timejob.Although,itwillwastesomeoftime.Itwillgivethemmuchexperienceofjob,whichwillmakethemeasytoadapttothesociety.(158words)Grade：8第12頁第12頁Thisistoconfirmthatatrafficaccidenttookplaceatabout7:30a.m.onMay13thatthecrossingofZhongyuanRoadandZhenghuaRoad.Thatmorning,Ileftmyhome,asusual,at7:15,andwenttoschoolonmybike.WhenIgottothecrossingabove-mentioned,thetrafficlightturnedyellow.AsaresultIstopped.Allofasudden,ayoungmanonabike,rushedforward,wishingtocrosstheroadbeforethelightturnedred.HardlyhadIsaid“Takecare”inward,Isawthathecrashedintoatrunk.Bikefalls,truckhalts,peoplescreams,theinjuredbleeds---whataterriblescene!Tobetrue,mostpeoplefeelsqueezedbytimeinthemorning,buttimeshould,innocase,begainedatthecostofone’ssecurityoflife.Theyoungman,withnodoubt,shouldbeaccusedinthisaccident,inspiteofhisphysicalinjury.Hopefully,everyoneaswell,shouldtakethisaccidentasalessonandobservethetrafficregulationsstrictly.(173words)

Grade：12第13頁第13頁6月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteAbriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheguidelines:Yourrole:atourguide

Youraudience:agroupofforeigntourists

Yourintroductionshouldinclude:

●somewelcomingwords

●theschedulefortheday

●adescriptionoftheplacethetouristswillbevisiting

(e.g.ascenicspotorahistoricalsite,etc.)

Youshouldmaketheintroductioninterestingandthearrangementsforthedaycleartoeverybody.

AbriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction近年CET-4作文題目1月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteACampaignSpeech.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheguidelinegivenbelowinChinese:1.你認(rèn)為自己具備了什么條件（能力、性格、興趣等）能夠勝任學(xué)生會主席工作2.假如當(dāng)選，你將為本校同窗做些什么ACampaignSpeech第14頁第14頁6月CET-4Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayinhonorofteachersontheoccasionofTeacher’sDay.youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow：1、向老師致以節(jié)日祝賀2、從一件難忘事回想老師教導(dǎo)和無私奉獻(xiàn)3、我如何回報老師關(guān)愛

Teacher’sDay12月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、名校校園正成為旅游新熱點(diǎn)2、校園是否應(yīng)該對游客開放，人們看法不同3、我認(rèn)為ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?第15頁第15頁6月CET-4（新題型）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.有些大學(xué)允許學(xué)生自由選擇一些課程任課教師2.學(xué)生選擇教師時所考慮主要原因3.學(xué)生自選任課教師益處和也許產(chǎn)生問題OnStudentsSelectingLecturers6月CET-4（老題型）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaposterrecruitingvolunteers.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.校學(xué)生會將組織一次暑假志愿者活動，現(xiàn)招募志愿者2.本次志愿者活動目的、活動安排等3.報名條件及聯(lián)系方式VolunteersNeeded第16頁第16頁12月CET-4（新題型）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.許多人喜歡在除夕夜看春節(jié)晚會2.有些人卻提出取消春節(jié)晚會3.在我看來……SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV6月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWelcometoourclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.本社團(tuán)主要活動內(nèi)容2.參與本社團(tuán)好處3.如何加入本社團(tuán)WelcometoOurClub第17頁第17頁12月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWhatelectivestochoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、各大學(xué)開設(shè)了各種各樣選修課2、學(xué)生因?yàn)楦鞣N原因選擇了不同選修課3、以你自己為例……Whatelectivestochoose6月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledRecreationalActivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、娛樂活動各種多樣2、娛樂活動能夠使人們受益，也也許帶來危害3、作為大學(xué)生，我認(rèn)為RecreationalActivities第18頁第18頁12月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBagsYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、一次性塑料袋曾廣為使用2、由此帶來問題3、限制使用一次性塑料袋意義LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags6月CET-4Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutFreeAdmissiontoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1、現(xiàn)在越來越多博物館免費(fèi)開放；2、有些人認(rèn)為這樣不好；3、我觀點(diǎn)。FreeAdmissiontoMuseums

第19頁第19頁12月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCreateaGreenCampusYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建設(shè)綠色校園十分主要2.綠色校園不但指綠色環(huán)境3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園我們應(yīng)當(dāng)……CreateaGreenCampus6月CET-4Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不注重拼寫2、出現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象原因是3、為了改變這種情況，我認(rèn)為DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling第20頁第20頁12月CET-4

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.當(dāng)前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2.為了讓孩子獨(dú)立,父母應(yīng)當(dāng)……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?第21頁第21頁四大寫作題型1、觀點(diǎn)表述型：要求對一個常見社會問題，或?qū)W生所關(guān)懷話題進(jìn)行描述，分析之，并提供處理辦法。考題舉例：OnStudentsSelectingLecturers(.6新)SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV(.12)Whatelectivestochoose(.12)LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags(.12)CreateaGreenCampus(.12)

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling(.6)HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?(.12)2、對立觀點(diǎn)型：普通分為三點(diǎn)提綱，即“有些人認(rèn)為……”“另外一些人認(rèn)為……”“我認(rèn)為……”這種題型要求考生陳說某一個有爭議話題正面觀點(diǎn)、反面觀點(diǎn)和作者觀點(diǎn)。考題舉例:ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?(.12)RecreationalActivities(.6)FreeAdmissiontoMuseums(.6)3、記敘文：記敘某件事情發(fā)生過程文章?？碱}舉例：Teacher’sDay(.6)4、應(yīng)用文：這類題型實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)，緊跟社會形勢和校園實(shí)際，出題形式靈活?？碱}舉例：ABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction(.6)ACampaignSpeech(.1)VolunteersNeeded(.6老)WelcometoOurClub(.6)第22頁第22頁

論說文通常要求學(xué)生提出觀點(diǎn)，并用事實(shí)或例子予以論證，然后或下結(jié)論，或提出處理方案，或提出希望。因此，考試中論說文結(jié)構(gòu)大體下列：描述現(xiàn)象，觀點(diǎn)闡明（第一段）觀點(diǎn)論證（中間部分）結(jié)論、方案或希望（結(jié)尾）第23頁第23頁DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling

Nowadaysfewerandfewerstudentspayattentiontotheirword-spelling.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,thereisadramaticincreaseinthenumberofstudentswhocanonlyimitatethepronunciationofawordbutbeincapableofspellingit.InthisessayIwilldiscussthefactorsofthisphenomenonandoffermyownviewonit.Thereareanumberoffactorscanbeaccountableforthissituation.OneofthemostcommonfactorsisthatfewerandfewerstudentsneedtowriteEnglishessays.Besides,thegoalofmoststudentstolearnEnglishistospeakitandpasstheexaminationwhichmeanstheyjustneedtoselectthesimilarwordsaccordingtothelisteningmaterialsandpassages.Perhapsthemostcontributingfactoristhewideuseofelectronicdevicessuchase-dictionariesandcomputersandstudentsnolongerneedtocorrectthewordsbythemselves.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Ifirmlyarguethatweneedtoattachgreatimportancetoword-spelling.Tothestudents,theyshouldwriteEnglishasmuchastheycan.Meanwhile,totheteachers,thedictationsshouldbereinforcedintheclass.第24頁第24頁12月CET-6之改編篇:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheInternetAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.如今網(wǎng)絡(luò)得到越來越廣泛使用，比如……2.網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用對人們工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活產(chǎn)生影響NowadaysmoreandmorepeoplecometorealizetheimportanceofInternet.Internethasbecomeanunalienablepartofoureverydaylife.Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthisphenomenon.OneimportantreasonisthatInternetenablespeopletocommunicatewitheachothermoreconveniently.Forinstance,QQandMSNconnectpeoplefromdifferentcorneroftheworldmoreclosely.What’smore,Internetprovideseasierwaysforpeopletofindtheinformationtheywant.PeoplecanobtainalotofinformationeasilyfromsuchsearchingenginesasGoogle,Baidu.Finally,Internetmakesourworkandstudymoreefficient.DistanceeducationviaInternethelpsagoodmanypeoplegetaccesstohighereducation.IamlookingforwardtoadaywhenpeoplecanlivetogetherwithmoreharmonywiththehelpofInternet.第25頁第25頁應(yīng)試作文寫作環(huán)節(jié)1.審題（1分鐘）1）抓住文章中心和范圍，擬定文章主題2）擬定文章體裁（議論文/描寫文/記敘文/混合）3）記住文章字?jǐn)?shù)要求，CET-6要求不少于150字。2.構(gòu)思（mind-mapping，2分鐘）在草稿上寫下列方面內(nèi)容：1）想到與主題相關(guān)詞匯或句型；2）與主題也許相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)3.提綱（outlining，3分鐘）考慮并擬定下列內(nèi)容：1）分幾段；2）每段主題，考慮幾段主題是否有重疊，每段主題如何過渡？3）每段主題發(fā)展方式（列舉、例證、定義、說理、分類等）第26頁第26頁應(yīng)試作文寫作環(huán)節(jié)4.開始寫作（20分鐘）寫作中注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1）假如能記住模板，盡量用現(xiàn)成；2）表示以清楚、明晰、直接為第一要素，盡量避免語法和拼寫錯誤；3）按提綱構(gòu)思寫作，除非確有必要，不能更改提綱，不然慌亂之中，容易將自己作文寫得不連貫；4）不會表示地方，要么改換一個說法，要么將需要表示東西換成自己能表示內(nèi)容，不能勉強(qiáng)；5）注旨在也許情況下使用倒裝句、復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句以增長句式改變。5.檢查修改（5分鐘）1）內(nèi)容是否圍繞了主題？2）列舉事實(shí)或例子是否闡明主題？3）每一段是否有主題句？句與句間過渡是否使用了過渡詞匯或其它過渡手段？4）是否有語言基礎(chǔ)錯誤，包括：主謂語形式是否一致？動詞時態(tài)是否正確？代詞有無混亂情況？有無缺乏主語或謂語破碎句？有無單詞拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)方面錯誤等？第27頁第27頁作文預(yù)測與思維訓(xùn)練1.現(xiàn)在大學(xué)校園里，遲到、早退、曠課是常見現(xiàn)象2.確保學(xué)生出勤率對大學(xué)教育主要性3.作為一個大學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)如何做AttendYourClassesRegularly1.學(xué)生給老師打分已經(jīng)普遍2.人們對其持不同態(tài)度3.我看法Students’RatingofTheirTeachers

第28頁第28頁AttendYourClassesRegularly

Nowadaysitisaverycommonphenomenonthatsomeuniversitystudentsarelatefororevenabsentfromclasses.Andstilltherearesomestudentswhoslipoutoftheclassroombeforetheclassisover.Classattendancehasbecomeathornyproblemtoboththestudentsandteachers.Infact,itisveryimportantforthestudentstoattendtheirclassesregularly.First,itwillensureyoutocatchupwiththeteachersinyourlearning.Thatisveryhelpfultoyouifyouwanttodoagoodjobinyourstudy.Second,attendingclassesregularlyisawayofshowingrespecttoyourteachers,too.Yourteacherswillfeelbadifthestudentsdonotattendtheirclasses,which,inturn,willaffecttheirteachingandbenogoodforthestudents.Third,attendingclassesregularlywillhelptoformagoodhabitofpunctuality,whichisofgreatimportanceforthestudentstodoagoodjobinthefuture.Therefore,weuniversitystudentsshouldformthegoodhabitofattendingourclassesregularlyfromnowon.Andsomedaywe’llbenefitfromit.第29頁第29頁Students’RatingofTheirTeachers

Nowadays,ithasbecomeascommonincollegesanduniversitiesforstudentstogradeteachersasforteacherstogradestudents.Insomeuniversitiesstudents’ratinghasevenbecometheonlysourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness..

This,however,hascausedgreatcontroversy.Someareinfavoroftheratingsystem,Theyholdthatsincestudentsattendtheteachers’classeseveryday,theyshouldhavetheiropinionabouttheirteachers’effectiveness.Others,onthecontrary,arestronglyagainstit.Theybelievethatthereismuchmoretoteachingthanwhatisshownonstudents’ratingforms.Studentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialstheyuseareuptodateorhowwelltheteacherknowsaboutthesubject.Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalknowledge,whichisbestleftfortheteachers’colleagues.

Ithinkstudents’ratingoftheirteachersisnecessary,butitshouldbeconductedinawaythatcanreallyshedmeaningfullightonteachers’performance.Insteadofratingtheteachers’knowledgeonthesubject,studentsshouldbeaskedtoestimatewhattheyhavelearnedinacourse,andtoreportonsuchthingsasateacher’sabilitytocommunicatewithstudents,hisorherrelationshipwithstudents,andhisorherabilitytoarousestudents’interestinthesubject.第30頁第30頁作文思維訓(xùn)練1.近幾年出現(xiàn)了大學(xué)生就業(yè)難現(xiàn)象2.產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象原因（如大學(xué)生追求目的過高，專業(yè)不對口等）3.如何處理這一問題（改變就業(yè)觀念，大學(xué)生再培訓(xùn)等）

CollegeStudents’JobHunting

1.全球變暖對地球環(huán)境造成了很大影響2.引起全球變暖原因3.我們需要采用辦法

EnvironmentalProtection

第31頁第31頁CollegeStudents’JobHunting

Inrecentyears,collegestudentsfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetajob.Itsoundsstrangesinceyoungcollegestudentsareusuallyintelligent,well-educatedphenomenon,aspirantandeagertobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Thenwhatunderliesthestrangephenomenon?

Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Tobeginwith,nowadayscollegestudentsaimtoohigh.Alltheywantare“good”jobswhichcouldoffergoodsalary,comfortableworkingconditions,highsocialstatusamongothers.Consequently,mostcollegestudentsareunwillingtoacceptvacantjobstheyconsidernot“good”enough.Anotherreasonisthatthereisabiggapbetweenthemajorssomestudentsstudyinschoolandthedemandsofvacantjobs.Socompaniesthinksomestudentsarenotfitforthejobs.

Solutiontotheproblemrequireseffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents.Thecompaniesshouldvaluethestudents,talentandknowledgewhilethelattershouldnotmerelyaimatmaterialgains.Theyshouldbedown-to–earthinbuildinguptheircareer.Furthermore,theyshouldfacetheirweakpointssoastoimprovethemselvesandbemorecompetent.第32頁第32頁

EnvironmentalProtection

Noone，regardlessofrace,religionornationality,candenythattheworldweliveinisbecomingincreasinglyintolerablebecauseoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Accordingtomanyexperts,evengreaterimpactsarestillontheway.Therearenumerouscausesforthisproblem.Ononehand,human-relatedemissionsofcarbonintotheatmosphereiscausing,andwillinthefuturecause,significantglobalwarmingaccordingtothetheory.Ontheotherhand,thelackofknowledgeabouttheimportanceofprotectingenvironmenthindersthesolvingoftheproblem.Itisurgentthatimmediateandeffectiveactionsshouldbetakenrightaway.First,moretreesneedtobeplantedtohelpimproveandbeautifytheenvironment.Besides,stricterlawsconcerningglobalwarmingandirresponsibleuseoffuelresourceshavetobeputintoeffectandachievedgoodresults.Inaword,thereisalongwaytogobeforewecantakeacomfortableworldforgrantedagain.

第33頁第33頁第34頁第34頁二、快速閱讀答題環(huán)節(jié)：1.仔細(xì)閱讀文章標(biāo)題以及文章第一段；2.略讀全文(尤其要注意有小標(biāo)題文章小標(biāo)題)，擬定文章主體意思，理解文章主要講是什么；3.仔細(xì)閱讀題目，并鎖定定位詞；4.速讀文章，找到相應(yīng)句子，5.依據(jù)文章所述，選擇正確答案。注意：找到第一小題后，再看第二小題?？匆粋€題，做一個；不要把文章看完再做題，或題看完再讀文章。

第35頁第35頁找定位詞需要注意是：A.不能用中心思想詞定位，因?yàn)檎恼露颊f是它。B.時間、數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、大寫字母單詞容易定位。C.比較長，難名詞容易定位，好找。D.定位詞找2—3個就行，多了也記不住。最好是位置不同兩個詞。E.詳略得當(dāng)：對于大學(xué)英語四級快速閱讀測試來說，依據(jù)題目標(biāo)“題眼”（定位詞），快速在文章中找到答案是最關(guān)鍵，這么我們就要在閱讀時注意詳略得當(dāng)?？朔x精益求精習(xí)慣，做到有信息處精讀，無信息處略讀，略讀處一掃而過。第36頁第36頁幾種問題設(shè)計類型1.題文同序即文章句子和題目中，所設(shè)計問題句子順序是同樣。2.注意分解分解相應(yīng)四分法（快速閱讀解題關(guān)鍵）：快速將問題分解成4個部分（主A謂B賓C+其它D），與原文進(jìn)行對比。此法在填空題目時尤其管用。3.概念替換即原文中出現(xiàn)同一個意思，在題目中以另外一個表示方式出現(xiàn)。常見有同義詞替換、句型替換、paraphrase等。第37頁第37頁三條考場提議1.自信心一個人要想在快速閱讀上取得成功，首先要有自信心，在快速閱讀時，自信心是很主要，尋找答案時間過去得不久，唯有充斥自信，才干不為困難所嚇倒，勇往直前。2.集中注意力快速閱讀同時還要求快速記憶，這就要求在閱讀時，不但要閱讀，并且要記，要理解，這是一個高難度思維活動，沒有集中注意力是很難確?！八僮x”完畢。3.快速理解──快速閱讀催化劑"理解"就是利用已有知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)，去取得新知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并把新知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)納入已有知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)中，理解可分為直接理解和間接理解。直接理解就是在瞬息之間立刻實(shí)現(xiàn)，不需要任何中間思維過程，與知覺融合在一起，在這種情況下，主要是通過瞬間憶起以前所得知識，選取立刻所需要知識。

第38頁第38頁第39頁第39頁三、閱讀理解測試題目種類1.全域類題目SubjectMatter,Attitude/Tone2.細(xì)節(jié)類題目SupportingDetails,Inference,Vocabulary

3.推理性題目CauseandEffect,Reasoning第40頁第40頁處理辦法找主題思想SubjectMatter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表示主要內(nèi)容,是貫通全文關(guān)鍵。作者在文章中努力經(jīng)過各種SupportingDetails來說明中心議題。因此，把握主要思想對于全文內(nèi)容了解含有主要意義。熟悉測試人都知道，這類問題常被列為5題之首。然而，怎樣找出主題常使考生倍感棘手。因?yàn)樗麄兛傁Ｍ?jīng)過某個詞或某句話找到答案，而找主題往往需要通讀全文后才干做出判斷。針對SM問題，應(yīng)采取快速閱讀法（Skimming）瀏覽全文，了解文章主旨大意。閱讀時要注意，表示中心思想句子在文章中位置不同。在閱讀時，文章開頭、結(jié)尾及段落段首句和段尾句尤其主要，因?yàn)樗麄兺恼轮行淖h題（SM）。依據(jù)不同文章，這類問題可分為主題型、標(biāo)題型和目標(biāo)型。主題型一目了然，就是找中心（MainIdea）；標(biāo)題型是為文章選擇標(biāo)題（Title）；目標(biāo)型就是推斷作者寫作意圖（Purpose）。第41頁第41頁題形舉例1)What’sthemainideaofthewholepassage?2)What’sthesubjectofthisselection?3)Thepassageismainlyabout_______.4)Thepassagedealswith________.5)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizes/reflectsthemainideaofthepassage?6)Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis_______.7)Thepassagecouldbetitled________.8)Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson________.9)Themostsuitabletitleforthispassageis______.10)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?11)Whatisthispassagemainly(primarily)concerned?12)Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.13)Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis___________.14)Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis_________.

15)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

16)Thebestsummaryofthispassageis_________.17)Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain_________.第42頁第42頁細(xì)節(jié)理解題這種題形通常按照文章順序,在問題中依次出現(xiàn),在回答這類問題時,應(yīng)采用查讀法（Scanning），由于這些詳細(xì)內(nèi)容（Details）是用來闡明、論證或分析文章中心。這類題目常以“WH-”形式來提問，如who，what，when，where，why及how等形式。這些問題表示常不采用文章中原話提問，而是使用同義詞語等，因此，在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先看準(zhǔn)題干，看清問題所問終歸；然后，在查讀時注意尋找與題目相關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞語；最后，在充足理解原文、原題基礎(chǔ)上擬定正確答案。當(dāng)然，這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及面是很廣。有涉及數(shù)字計算，如問時間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等，認(rèn)真計算后方可選定正確答案；有涉及正誤判斷，要先看選項(xiàng)，依據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供線索，尋視文中相應(yīng)部分，最后在題中選出必定答案；尚有尋問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。總之，做細(xì)節(jié)題切忌通過自己對某類知識主觀理解和結(jié)識做出想象判斷，一定要緊扣文章內(nèi)容，不可隨心所欲。

第43頁第43頁常見問題種類(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?(3)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?(4)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...(5)Thereasonfor...is...(6)Theauthorstatesthat...(7)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...(11)Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredas…?(8)Thesentence“…”means…(9)Whatdoesthesentence“…”means?第44頁第44頁推理性題目推理不但要求掌握文章所表示字面含義，還要掌握一定邏輯判斷能力及寫作技巧知識，從文章表面推出更深層含義，這部分往往出題分量大，難度大，犯錯也最多，其原因歸根結(jié)底是對文章內(nèi)容沒有做到真正理解和掌握。推理題要求應(yīng)試者依據(jù)自己從文中取得信息進(jìn)行推理判斷。這類題答案普通不會直接出現(xiàn)在文章文字里面，需要從字里行間去體會作者意圖，要學(xué)會從作者已經(jīng)表明觀點(diǎn)、陳說事實(shí)等出發(fā)推斷作者意圖。這類題常見主要有對原因、結(jié)果、觀點(diǎn)、立場等判斷。最關(guān)鍵是從短文中找出作者觀點(diǎn),千萬不能憑主觀臆斷選擇答案.第45頁第45頁常見問題類型A.針對文章內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行判斷推理：

1.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat______.2.Itisimplied/indicated/suggestedthat______.3.Whatconclusionscanbedrawnfromthepassage?4.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat_________.5.Whatdoestheparagraphpreceding/followingthisoneprobablydiscuss?6.Wecaninferfromtheparagraphthat_______.7.Thereportseemstoincludethat_______.8.Paragraph2indicatesthatfiftyyearsago_______.9.What’simpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat________.第46頁第46頁B.針對作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、語調(diào)等進(jìn)行判斷推理：1.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?2.Intheauthor’sopinion,…?3.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof_______.4.Theauthorseemstobeagainst________.5.Theauthorseemssorry