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LessonOneTheCompanyinWhichIwork
InthecompanyinwhichIwork,eachofusisafraidofatleastoneperson.Thelower
yourpositionis,themorepeopleyouareafraidof.Andallthepeopleareafraidofthetwelve
menatthetopwhohelpedfoundandbuildthecompanyandnowownanddirectit.
Allthesetwelvemenareelderlynowanddrainedbytimeandsuccessofenergyandambition.
Manyhavespenttheirwholeliveshere.Theyseemfriendly,slow,andcontentwhenIcomeupon
theminthehallsandalwayscourteousandmutewhentheyridewithothersinthepublicelevators.
Theynolongerworkhard.Theyholdmeetings,makepromotions,andallowtheirnamestobeused
onannouncementsthatarepreparedandissuedbysomebodyelse.Nobodyissureanymorewhoreally
runsthecompany(noteventhepeoplewhoarecreditedwithrunningit),butthecompanydoes
run.
Inthenormalcourseofabusinessday,,,!amafraidofJackGreenbecausemydepartmentispart
ofhisdepartmentandJackGreenismyboss;Greenisafraidofmebecausemostofthework
inmydepartmentisdonefortheSalesDepartment,whichismoreimportantthanhisdepartment,
andIammuchclosertoAndyKagleandtheotherpeopleintheSalesDepartmentthanheis.
Greendistrustsmefitfully.Hemakesitcleartomeeverynowandthenthathewishestosee
everythingcomingoutofmydepartmentbeforeitisshowntootherdepartments.Iknowhedoes
notreallymeanthis:heistoobusywithhisownworktopaythatmuchattentiontoallof
mine,andIwillbypasshimonmostofourassignmentsratherthantakeuphistimeanddelay
theirdeliverytopeoplewhohaveanimmediateneedforthem.Mostoftheworkwedoinmy
departmentis,inthelongrun,trivial.ButGreenalwaysgrowsalarmedwhensomeonefromanother
departmentpraisessomethingthathascomefrommydepartment.Heturnsscarletwithrageand
embarrassmentishehasnotseenorheardofit.
Inmydepartment,therearesixpeoplewhoareafraidofme,andonesmallsecretarywhois
afraidofallofus.Ihaveoneotherpersonworkingformewhoisnotafraidofmewhoisnot
afraidofanyone,notevenme,andIwouldfirehimquickly,butI'mafraidofhim???
Thepeopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeoplearethesalesmen.Theyliveand
workunderpressurethatisextraordinary.Whenthingsarebad,theyareworseforthe
salesmen;whenthingsaregood,theyarenotmuchbetter.
Theyarealwaysontrial,alwaysonthevergeoffailure,collectivelyandindividually.They
strain,eventhemostsecureandselfassuredofthem,tolookgoodonpaper;andthereis
muchpaperforthemtolookgoodon.Eachweek,forexample,arecordofthesalesresults
oftheprecedingweekforeachsalesofficeandfortheSalesDepartmentasawholeforeach
divisionofthecompanyiskeptandcomparedtothesalesresultsforthecorrespondingweek
oftheyearbefore.Thefiguresarephotocopiedanddistributedthroughoutthecompanytoall
thepeopleanddepartmentswhoseworkisrelatedtoselling.Theresultofthephotocopying
anddistributingisthatthereisalmostcontinuouspublicscrutinyanddiscussionthroughout
thecompanyofhowwellorpoorlythesalesmenineachsalesofficeofeachdivisionofthecompany
aredoingatanygiventime.
Whensalesmenaredoingwell,thereispressureuponthemtobegindoingbetter,forfearthey
maystartdoingworse.Whentheyaredoingpoorly,theyaredoingterribly.Whenasalesman
landsalargeorderorbringsinanimportantnewaccount,hiselationisbrief,forthere
isdangerhemightlosethatlargeorderorimportantnewaccounttoasalesmanfromacompeting
companythenexttimearound.Itmightevenbecanceledbeforeitisfilled,inwhichcase
nooneiscertainifanythingwasgainedorlost.Sothereiscrisisandalarmevenintheir
triumphs.
Nevertheless,thesalesmenlovetheirworkandwouldnotchooseanyotherkind.Theyarevigorous,
fun-lovingbunchwhentheyarenotsufferingabdominalcrampsorbroodingmiserablyaboutthe
future;ontheotherhand,theyoftenturncrankywithoutwarningandcomplainalot.Each
ofthemcannameatleastonesuperiorinthecompanywhohefeelshasagrudgeagainsthimand
isdeterminedtowreckhiscareer.
Thesalesmenworkhardandearnbigsalaries,withlargepersonalexpenseaccountsthatthey
squandergenerouslyonotherpeopleinandoutofthecompany,includingme.Theyowngood
housesingoodcommunitiesandplaygoodgamesofgolfongoodprivategolfcourses.Thecompany
encouragesthis.Thecompany,infact,willpayfortheircountryclubmembershipandall
chargestheyincurthere,andrewardssalesmenwhomakeagoodimpressiononthegolfcourse.
UnmarriedmenarenotwantedintheSalesDepartment,notevenwidowers,forthecompanyhas
learnedfromexperiencethatitisdifficultanddangerousforunmarriedsalesmentomixsocially
withprominentexecutivesandtheirwivesorparticipatewiththeminresponsiblecivicaffairs.
IfasalesmanJswifediesandheisnotreadytoremarry,heisusuallymovedintoan
administrativepositionafterseveralmonthsofmourning.Bachelorsareneverhiredforthe
salesforce,andsalesmenwhogetdivorced,orwhosewivesdie,knowtheyhadbetterremarry
orbeginlookingaheadtowardadifferentjob.
Strangelyenough,thesalesmenreactverywelltotheconstantpressureandrigidsupervision
towhichtheyaresubjected.Theyarestimulatedandmotivatedbydisciplineanddirection.
Theythriveonexplicitguidancetowardclearobjectives.Forthemostpart,theyarecheerful,
confident,andgregariouswhentheyarenotirritable,anxious,anddepressed.Theremust
besomethinginthemakeupofamanthatenableshimnotonlytobeasalesman,buttowant
tobeone.
Thesalesmenareproudoftheirpositionandofthestatusandimportancetheyenjoywithinthe
company,forthefunctionofmydepartment,andofmostotherdepartments,istohelpthe
salesmensell.Thecompanyexiststosell.That'sthereasonwewerehired,andthereason
wearepaid.
Thepeopleinthecompanywhoareleastafraidarethefewinoursmal1MarketResearchDepartment,
whobelieveinnothingandareconcernedwithcollecting,organizing,interpreting,and
reorganizingstatisticalinformationaboutthepublic,themarket,thecountry,andtheworld.
Foronething,theirsalariesaresmall,andtheyknowtheywillnothavemuchtroublefinding
jobspayingjustaslittleinothercompaniesiftheylosetheirjobshere.Theirbudget,too,
issmall,fortheyarenolongerpermittedtoundertakelargeprojects.
Mostoftheinformationweusenowisobtainedfreefromtradeassociationsandsomegovernmental
organizations,andthereisnowayofknowinganymorewhethertheinformationonwhichwebase
ourowninformationfordistributionistrueorfalse.Butthatdoesn'tseemtomatter;all
thatdoesmatteristhattheinformationcomefromareputablesource.PeopleintheMarket
ResearchDepartmentareneverheldtoblameforconditionstheydiscoveroutsidethecompany
thatplaceusatacompetitivedisadvantage.Theyarenotexpectedtochangereality,butmerely
tofinditiftheycanandsuggestingeniouswaysofdisguisingit.Toagreatextent,that
isthenatureofmyownwork,andallofusunderGreenworkcloselywiththeSalesDepartment
andthePublicRelationsDepartmentinconvertingwholetruthsintohalftruthsandhalftruths
intowholeones.
Iamverygoodatthesetechniquesofdeception,althoughIamnotalwaysableanymoretodeceive
myself.Infact,Iamcontinuouslyastonishedbypeopleinthecompanywhofallvictimtotheir
ownpropaganda.Therearesomanynowwhoactuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant.
Thishappensnotonlytosalesmen,buttotheshrewd,capableexecutivesintopmanagement.
Ithappenstopeopleonmyownlevelandlower.Ithappenstojustabouteverybodyinthecompany
whograduatedfromagoodbusinessschoolwithhonors.Everytimewelaunchanewadvertising
campaign,forexample,peopleinsidethecompanyarethefirstonestobetakeninbyit.
Everytimeweintroduceanewproduct,oranoldproductwithadifferentcover,color,and
namethatwepresentasnew,peopleinsidethecompanyarethefirsttorushtobuyiteven
whenit'snogood.
It'sawiseperson,Iguess,whoknowshe'sdumb,andanhonestpersonwhoknowshe,sa
liar.Andit'sadumbpersonwho'sconvincedheiswise.Wewisegrownupshereatthecompany
goslidinginandoutalldaylong,scaringeachotheratourdesksandtryingtoevadethe
peoplewhofrightenus.Wecometowork,havelunch,andgohome.Wegoose-stepinandgoose-step
out,changeourpartnersandwanderallabout,andgobackhometillwealldropdead.Really,
Iaskmyselfeverynowandthen,dependingonhowwellorpoorlythingsaregoingattheoffice
orathomewithmywife,orwithmyretardedson,orwithmyotherson,ormydaughter,or
thecoloredmaid,orthenurseformyretardedson,isthisallthereisformetodo?Isthis
reallythemostIcangetfromthefewyearsleftinthisonelifeofmine?
AndtheanswerIget,ofcourse,isalwaysYes!
Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.EverythingroutinethatcomesinIpassalongtosomebody
else.Thismakesmyboredomworse.It'sarealproblemtodecidewhetherit'smoreboring
todosomethingboringthantopassalongeverythingboringthatcomesintosomebodyelseand
thenhavenothingtodoatall.
Actually,Ienjoymyworkwhentheassignmentsarelargeandurgentandsomewhatfrightening
andwillcometotheattentionofmanypeople.Igetscared,andamunabletosleepatnight,
butIusuallyperformatmybestunderthisstimulatingkindofpressureandenjoymyjobthe
most,Ihandlealloftheseimportantprojectsmyself,andIrejoicewithtremendouspride
andvanityinthecomplimentsIreceivewhenIdothemwel1.Butbetweensuchpeaksofchallenge
andelationthereismonotonyanddespair.(AndIfind,too,thatonceI'vesucceededin
impressingsomebody,I'mnotmuchexcitedaboutimpressingthatsamepersonagain;there
isalarge,emotionalletdownafterIsurviveeachcrisis,akindofempty,tragicdisappointment,
andlastyear'sthreat,opportunity,andinspirationareoftenthisyear'sinescapabletedium.
IfrequentlyfeelI'mbeingtakenadvantageofmerelybecauseI'maskedtodotheworkI
'mpaidtodo.)
OndayswhenI'mespeciallymelancholy,Ibeganconstructingtablesof
organization-,*,classifyingpeopleinthecompanyonthebasisofenvy,hope,fear,ambition,
frustration,rivalry,hatred,ordisappointment.IcallthesechartsmyHappinessCharts.
Theseexercisesinmaliceneverfailtoboostmyspiritsbutonlyforawhile.Irankpretty
highwhenthecompanyisanalyzedthisway,becauseI'mnotenviousordisappointed,and
Ihavenoexpectations.Attheverytop,ofcourse,arethosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithout
dependents,towhomthecompanyisnotyetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonly
aplacetowork,andwhoregardtheirpresentassociationwithitassomethingtemporary.I
putthesepeopleatthetopbecauseifyouaskedanyoneofthemifhewouldchoosetospend
therestofhislifeworkingforthecompany,hewouldgiveyouaresoundingNo!,regardless
ofwhatinducementswereoffered.Iwasthathighonce.ifyouaskedmethatsamequestion
today,IwouldalsogiveyouaresoundingNo!andadd:
“IthinkI'dratherdienow.”
ButIammakingnoplanstoleave.
Ihavethefeelingnowthatthereisnoplaceleftformetogo.
LessonTwoEveline
Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.Ilerheadwasleanedagainstthe
windowcurtains,andinhernostrilswastheodourofdustycretonne.Shewastired.
Fewpeoplepassed.Themanoutofthelasthousepassedonhiswayhome;sheheardhisfootsteps
clackingalongtheconcretepavementandafterwardscrunchingonthecinderpathbeforethenew
redhouses.Onetimethereusedtobeafieldthereinwhichtheyusedtoplayeveryevening
withotherpeople'schildren.ThenamanfromBelfastboughtthefieldandbuilthousesin
itnotliketheirlittlebrownhouses,butbrightbrickhouseswithshiningroofs.The
childrenoftheavenueusedtoplaytogetherinthatfield-theDevines,theWaters,theDunns,
littleKeoghthecripple,sheandherbrothersandsisters.Ernest,however,neverplayed:
hewastoogrownup.Herfatherusedoftentohunttheminoutofthefieldwithhisblackthorn
stick;butusuallylittleKeoghusedtokeepnixandcalloutwhenhesawherfathercoming.
Stilltheyseemedtohavebeenratherhappythen.Herfatherwasnotsobadthen;andbesides,
hermotherwasalive.Thatwasalongtimeago;sheandherbrothersandsisterswereallgrown
up;hermotherwasdead.TizzieDunnwasdead,too,andtheWatershadgonebacktoEngland.
Everythingchanged.Nowshewasgoingtogoawayliketheothers,toleaveherhome.
Home!Shelookedroundtheroom,reviewingallitsfamiliarobjectswhichshehaddusted
onceaweekforsomanyyears,wonderingwhereonearthallthedustcamefrom.Perhapsshe
wouldneverseeagainthosefamiliarobjectsfromwhichshehadneverdreamedofbeingdivided.
Andyetduringallthoseyearsshehadneverfoundoutthenameofthepriestwhoseyellowing
photographhungonthewallabovethebrokenharmoniumbesidethecolouredprintofthepromises
madetoBlessedMargaretMaryAlacoque.Hehadbeenaschoolfriendofherfather.whenever
heshowedthephotographtoavisitorherfatherusedtopassitwithacasualword:"Heis
inMelbournenow.”
Shehadconsentedtogoaway,toleaveherhome.Waswhatwise?Shetriedtoweigheach
sideofthequestion.Inherhomeanywayshehadshelterandfood;shehadthosewhomshehad
knownallherlifeabouther.Ofcourseshehadtoworkhard,bothinthehouseandatbusiness.
Whatwouldtheysayofherinthestoreswhentheyfoundoutthatshehadrunawaywithafellow?
Sayshewasafool,perhaps;andherplacewouldbefilledupbyadvertisement.MissGavan
wouldbeglad.Shehadalwayshadanedgeonher,especiallywhenevertherewerepeoplelistening.
“MissHill,don'tyouseetheseladiesarewaiting?”
“Looklively,MissHill,please."
Shewouldnotcrymanytearsatleavingthestores.
Butinhernewhome,inadistantunknowncountry,itwouldnotbelikethat.Thenshewould
bemarriedshe,Eveline.Peoplewouldtreatherwithrespectthen.Shewouldnotbetreated
ashermotherhadbeen.Evennow,thoughshewasovernineteen,shesometimesfeltherself
indangerofherfatherJsviolence.Sheknewitwasthatthathadgivenherthepalpitations.
Whentheyweregrowinguphehadnevergoneforher,likeheusedtogoforHarryandErnest,
becauseshewasagirl;butlatterlyhehadbeguntothreatenherandsaywhathewoulddoto
heronlyforherdeadmother?ssake.Andnowshehadnobodytoprotecther,Ernestwasdead
andHarry,whowasinthechurchdecoratingbusiness,wasnearlyalwaysdownsomewhereinthe
country.Besides,theinvariablesquabbleformoneyonSaturdaynightshadbeguntowearyher
unspeakably.ShealwaysgaveherentirewagessevenshillingsandHarryalwayssent
upwhathecould,butthetroublewastogetanymoneyfromherfather.Hesaidsheusedto
squanderthemoney,thatshehadnohead,thathewasn*tgoingtogiveherhishard-earned
moneytothrowaboutthestreets,andmuchmore,forhewasusuallyfairlybadonSaturday
night.Intheendhewou1dgiveherthemoneyandaskherhadsheanyintentionofbuyingSunday?s
dinner.Thenshehadtorushoutasquicklyasshecouldanddohermarketing,holdingher
blackleatherpursetightlyinherhandassheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdsandreturning
homelateunderherloadofprovisions.Shehadhardworktokeepthehousetogetherandto
seethatthetwoyoungchildrenwhohadbeenlefttoherchargewenttoschoolregularlyand
gottheirmealsregularly.Itwashardworkahardlifebutnowthatshewasaboutto
leaveitshedidnotfinditawhollyundesirablelife.
ShewasabouttoexploreanotherlifewithFrank.Frankwasverykind,manly,open-hearted.
Shewastogoawaywithhimbythenight-boattobehiswifeandlivewithhiminBuenosAyres,
wherehehadahomewaitingfroher.Howwellsherememberedthefirsttimeshehadseenhim;
hewaslodginginahouseonthemainroadwheresheusedtovisit.Itseemedafewweeksago.
hewasstandingatthegate,hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishairtumbledforward
overafaceofbronze.Thentheyhadcometoknoweachother.Heusedtomeetheroutsidethe
storeseveryeveningandseeherhome.HetookhertoseeTheBohemianGirlandshefeltelated
asshesatinanunaccustomedpartofthetheatrewithhim.Hewasawfullyfondofmusicand
sangalittle.Peopleknewthattheywerecourting,andwhenhesangaboutthelassthatloves
asailor,shealwaysfeltpleasantlyconfused.HeusedtocallherPoppensoutoffun.First
ofallithadbeenanexcitementforhertohaveafellowandthenshehadbeguntolikehim.
Hehadtalesofdistantcountries.Hehadstartedasadeckboyatapoundamonthonaship
oftheAllanLinegoingouttoCanada.Hetoldherthenamesoftheshipshehadbeenonand
thenamesofthedifferentservices.HehadsailedthroughtheStraitsofMagellanandhetold
herstoriesoftheterriblePatagonians.HehadfallenonhisfeetinBuenosAyres,hesaid,
andhadcomeovertotheoldcountryjustforaholiday.Ofcourse,herfatherhadfoundout
theaffairandhadforbiddenhertohaveanythingtosaytohim.
“Iknowthesesailorchaps,“hesaid.
OnedayhehadquarreledwithFrank,andafterthatshehadtomeetherloversecretly.
Theeveningdeepenedintheavenue.Thewhiteoftwolettersinherlapgrewindistinct.One
wastoHarry;theotherwastoherfather.Ernesthadbeenherfavourite,butshelikeedHarry
too.Herfatherwasbecomingoldlately,shenoticed;hewouldmissher.Sometimeshecould
beverynice.Notlongbefore,whenshehadbeenlaidupforaday,hehadreadherouta
ghoststoryandmadetoastforheratthefire.Anotherday,whentheirmotherwasalive,
theyhadallgoneforapicnictotheHillofHowth.Sherememberedherfatherputtingonher
mother'sbonnettomakethechildrenlaugh.
Hertimewasrunningout,butshecontinuedtositbythewindow,leaningherheadagainstthe
windowcurtain,inhalingtheodourofdustycretonne.Downfarintheavenueshecouldhear
astreetorganplaying.Sheknewtheair.Strangethatitshouldcomethatverynighttoremind
herofthepromisetohermother,herpromisetokeepthehometogetheraslongasshecould.
Sherememberedthelastnightofhermother,sillness;shewasagainintheclose,darkroom
attheothersideofthehallandoutsidesheheardamelancholyairofItaly.Theorgan-player
hadbeenorderedtogoawayandgivensixpence.Sherememberedherfatherstruttingbackinto
thesick-roomsaying:
“DamnedItalians!Comingoverhere!”
AsshemusedthepitifulvisionofhermotherJs1ifelaiditsspellontheveryquickofher
beingthatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness.Shetrembledasshe
heardagainhermother'svoicesayingconstantlywithfoolishinsistence:
“DerevaunSeraun!DerevaunSeraun!”
Shestoodupinasuddenimpulseofterror.Escape!Shemustescape!Frankwouldsaveher.
Hewouldgiveherlife,perhapslove,too.Butshewantedtolive.Whyshouldshebeunhappy?
Shehadarighttohappiness.Frankwouldtakeherinhisarms,foldherinhisarms.Hewould
saveher.
***
ShestoodamongtheswayingcrowdinthestationattheNorthWall.Heheldherhandandshe
knewthathewasspeakingtoher,sayingsomethingaboutthepassageoverandoveragain.The
stationwasful1ofsoldierswithbrownbaggages.Throughthewidedoorsoftheshedsshecaught
aglimpseoftheblackmassoftheboat,lyinginbesidethequaywall,withilluminedportholes.
Sheanswerednothing.Shefelthercheekpaleandcoldand,outofamazeofdistress,she
prayedtoGodtodirecther,toshowherwhatwasherduty.Theboatblewalongmournfulwhistle
intothemist.Ifshewent,tomorrowshewouldbeontheseawithFrank,steamingtowards
BuenosAyres.Theirpassagehadbeenbooked.Couldshestilldrawbackafterallhehaddone
forher?Herdistressawokeanauseainherbodyandshekeptmovingherlipsinsilentfervent
prayer.
Abellclangeduponherheart.Shefelthimseizeherhand:"Come!”
Alltheseasoftheworldtumbledaboutherheart.Hewasdrawingherintothem:hewoulddrown
her.Shegrippedwithbothhandsattheironrailing.
:“Come!”
No!No!No!Itwasimpossible.Herhandsclutchedtheironinfrenzy.Amidtheseasshesent
acryofanguish.
“Eveline!Evvy!”
Herushedbeyondthebarrierandcalledtohertofollow.Hewasshoutedattogoon,buthe
stillcalledtoher.Shesetherwhitefacetohim,passive,likeahelplessanimal.Her
eyesgavehimnosignofloveorfarewellorrecognition.
LessonThreeWhat'sWrongWithOurPress?
Newspapershavetwogreatadvantagesovertelevision.Theycanbeusedbymenasbarriersagainst
theirwives.Itisstilltheonlyeffectivescreenagainstthemorningfeaturesoftheloved
one,and,assuch,performsauniquehumanservice.Thesecondadvantageisthatyoucan't
lineagarbagepailwithatelevisionsetit'susuallytheotherwayaround.
Butherearesomeinterestingstatisticsfromalittle,andlittleknown,surveybyMr.Roper
called“Thepublic,sreactiontoTelevisionFollowingtheQuizInvestigations”.Inithe
askseverybodybutmethisquestion:Supposeyoucouldcontinuetohaveonlyoneofthe
followingradio,television,newspapers,ormagazineswhichwouldyouprefer?Newspapers
cameinsecond:Forty-twopercentsaidiftheycouldonlyhaveone,theywouldkeeptelevision.
Thirty-twopercentsaidiftheycouldonlyhaveone,theywouldkeepnewspapers.
Evenso,newspaperpeopleshouldbemuchhappierthanthemagazinepeople,becauseonlyfour
percentsaidtheyneededmagazines,asagainstnineteenpercentforradio.
Butlistentothis.Mr.Roperaskedthesesameharriedpeople:"Ifyougetconflictingor
differentreportsofthesamenewstoryfromradio,television,themagazines,andthe
newspapers,whichofthefourversionswouldyoubemostinclinedtobelieve?”Thirty-two
percentbelievenewspapersasagainstthirtypercentwhobelievetelevision.Butthensomething
reallystrangehappens.WhenMr.Roperaskedhisguineapigswhichofthesemediatheywould
beleastinclinedtobelieve,thenewspaperstoppedthe1ist.Inabigway,too.Twenty-four
percentdon,tbelievenewspapersasagainstninepercentwhodon,tbelievetelevision.
Thefactisthatalthoughnetworktelevisionstillallotstoolittletimetothevitalservice
ofinformingthepublic,itdoesabetterjobinthatlittletimethanthenation,spressas
awhole.AndwhenIspeakofthenation'spressasawhole,Iamnotspeakingofthefive
orsixsplendidnewspapersandtheonegreatnewspaperwhichservetheworldasmodels
ofresponsiblepublicinformation.IamspeakingofthelocalpresswhichinhundredsofAmerican
communitiesistheonlynewsavailable,asidefromthoserecitalsoftickertapethatpassfor
radionews.
WhydoIthinknetworkTvdoesabetterjobofinformingthanthesepapers?Well,let'sget
thepartisanbitoverwith.Televisionlivesonadvertisingtoanevengreaterextentthan
newspapers,andsinceadvertisingisbigbusiness,advertisingisbynatureRepublican.yet
nowhereinnetworknewscastsornetworkcommentariesoncurrenteventshaveIencounteredthe
intensepartisanship,theoftenrabidbiasthatcolorstheeditorialpagesofthemajorityof
newspapersinthiscountry.DouglassCater,inhisbookTheFourthBranchofGovernment,confines
himselftoonlyonepungentfootnoteonthissubject."Ihavedeliberatelyavoided,“he
writes,“gettingintothepredominantlyone-partynatureofnewspaperwonership.itisa
factoflife."Thisparticularfactoflifeisashamefulone:thatnewspaperswhoseduty
istoinformtheAmericanpublicgivethemonlyonesideoftheissuesthataffectthemprofoundly
theRepublicanside.ThisisshamefulnotonlyforDemocratstheyhavesurviveditbefore
andwillsurviveitagainbutforthematurityofourpeople.Someofthesamepaperswhich
loudlyextolthevirtuesoffreeenterpriseandafreepressareconsistentlyfailingtoprint
thefactsonwhichapeoplecanformabalanceandindependentopinion.Thatbalancedand
independentopinionisouronlyrealsecurityasanation.
Now,veryoften,televisioncoverageofnewsissuperficialandinadequate.veryoftenthe
picturetakesprecedenceoverthepoint.Butb
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