北京市順義區(qū)第九中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期3月月考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

順義九中2023-2024高三下學(xué)期3月月考（英語(yǔ)）2024.3.18一、完型（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained___1___aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor___2___.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully___3___.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically___5___herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas___6___her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(貨幣).Ineededto___7___hercooperation.“Here,I’ll___8___youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith___9___.Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,_____10_____radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfied B.surprised C.awkward D.ashamed2.A.trust B.acceptance C.understanding D.respect3.A.angry B.puzzled C.serious D.lonely4.A.unwilling B.eager C.determined D.disappointed5.A.studied B.selected C.supported D.examined6.A.comforting B.warming C.paining D.protecting7.A.consider B.permit C.check D.ensure8.A.help B.pay C.prepare D.forgive9.A.relief B.concern C.sorrow D.regret10.A.excitement B.courage C.guilt D.impatience【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者請(qǐng)Brianna幫助新來(lái)的女孩Molly融入新的集體，并答應(yīng)給Brianna班級(jí)的貨幣。Brianna與Molly聊天之后，成為了朋友，并內(nèi)疚地把班級(jí)貨幣還給了作者。【1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然新學(xué)期已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了幾個(gè)星期，但新來(lái)的女孩Molly在同學(xué)面前仍然感到很尷尬。A.satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的；B.surprised感到驚奇的；C.awkward尷尬的；D.ashamed慚愧的。根據(jù)下文““Brianna,Mollylooksawfully___3___.”可知，新來(lái)的Molly感到很尷尬，故選C。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她似乎不知道該做什么或說(shuō)什么，但我卻看到她渴望被接納的眼睛。A.trust信任；B.acceptance接受、接納；C.understanding理解；D.respect尊敬。根據(jù)“Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay”可知，Molly剛到新的班級(jí)，認(rèn)識(shí)新的同學(xué)，她不知道做什么和說(shuō)什么，無(wú)法融入新的集體，故推知Molly渴望獲得新同學(xué)的接納和認(rèn)可，故選B。3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Brianna，Molly一個(gè)人看起來(lái)很孤獨(dú)。A.angry生氣的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)上文“Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.”可知，Molly獨(dú)自坐著，所以她應(yīng)該是看起來(lái)孤獨(dú)的，故選D。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Brianna嘆了一口氣。我看得出來(lái)，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道她是如此的善良。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.eager渴望的；C.determined決心的；D.disappointed感到失望的。根據(jù)上文“Briannasighed.”可知，Brianna嘆了一口氣，說(shuō)明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我特意選擇了她來(lái)執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。A.studied學(xué)習(xí)；B.selected選擇；C.supported支持；D.examined仔細(xì)檢查。根據(jù)上文“Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我選擇Brianna去邀請(qǐng)Molly，故選B。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：知道這個(gè)選擇讓她很痛苦，我把手伸進(jìn)口袋，掏出一個(gè)D-buck——我們班的貨幣。A.comforting安慰；B.warming使溫暖；C.paining使苦惱；D.protecting保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“Briannasighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的請(qǐng)求使她感到苦惱，故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我需要確保她的合作。A.consider考慮；B.permit允許；C.check檢查；D.ensure確保。根據(jù)“IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency.”可知，我為了讓Brianna去邀請(qǐng)Molly，給Brianna班級(jí)貨幣。故推知我想確保Brianna能答應(yīng)我的請(qǐng)求，與我合作。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：給你，我會(huì)為你的時(shí)間付D-buck的。A.help幫助；B.pay支付；C.prepare準(zhǔn)備；D.forgive原諒。根據(jù)“IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency.”可知，我為了讓Brianna去邀請(qǐng)Molly，給Brianna班級(jí)貨幣，花班級(jí)貨幣買(mǎi)她的時(shí)間。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她們最后一起走回去時(shí)，我松了一口氣。A.relief寬慰、解脫；B.concern關(guān)心；C.sorrow悲傷；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)“Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.”及“Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether”可知，Brianna答應(yīng)了我請(qǐng)求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很順利。故推知我不再擔(dān)心Molly孤單一人，所以松了口氣，故選A。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我不應(yīng)該保留這個(gè)?！彼哪抗饴湓谀_上，內(nèi)疚從她平靜的聲音中散發(fā)出來(lái)。A.excitement興奮；B.courage勇氣；C.guilt內(nèi)疚；D.impatience不耐煩。根據(jù)“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”及“Hereyesfelltoherfeet”可知，Brianna認(rèn)為自己不該為了要D-buck，才和Molly聊天，低下了頭。通過(guò)動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)可知，Brianna為自己的行為感到很內(nèi)疚，故選C。二、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A語(yǔ)法填空Glassrecyclinghasbecomesuchabigindustrythattheamountofglass____11____(recycle)isnotmeetingthedemandfornewglasstobeproduced.SomestatesinU.S.haveattemptedtoresolvethissituationinhopesofencouragingthe____12____(produce)ofglassoverplasticbyofferingmonetaryincentives(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))forglass.Forexample,Californiahasaspecialprogram____13____youcanearnfivecentsformostglassbottlesaswellasplasticonesandaluminumcanslessthan24ounces.Foritemsover24ounces,youcanearn10centseach.【答案】11.recycled12.production13.where【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了玻璃回收已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)，以至于回收的玻璃數(shù)量無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足新玻璃的生產(chǎn)需求。美國(guó)的一些州試圖解決這一問(wèn)題，希望通過(guò)提供金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)玻璃的生產(chǎn)，而不是塑料。【11題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：玻璃回收已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)，以至于回收的玻璃數(shù)量無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足新玻璃的生產(chǎn)需求。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知recycle與邏輯主語(yǔ)glass構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填recycled?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國(guó)的一些州試圖解決這一問(wèn)題，希望通過(guò)提供金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)玻璃的生產(chǎn)，而不是塑料。作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞production，不可數(shù)。故填production。【13題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：例如，加州有一個(gè)特殊的計(jì)劃，你可以賺5美分，大多數(shù)玻璃瓶，塑料和鋁罐少于24盎司。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞program，在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。B語(yǔ)法填空WhenMarkwasdrivingtothemartialartsgymwherehetrainsandvolunteers,hesaw____14____lookedlikeapolicepursuit.SoonMarkrealizedtheofficerdidnothavecontrolofthesituation.Jumpingoutofhiscar,Markidentifiedhimselfandspelledouthisintention____15____(make)ittwo-on-oneintheofficer’sfavor.Then,withtheofficer____16____(struggle)tocontroltheman’supperbody,Markputhisweightontheman’slegs.Butthesuspectmanagedtorolltohisright,ontohisstomach.Markimmediately____17____(apply)amartialmovetocontrolhisshoulderandupperbody.Afewsecondslater,thesuspectgaveout.Theofficersecuredahandcuffandthethreatwasover.【答案】14.what15.tomake16.struggling17.applied【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了馬克在開(kāi)車(chē)途中遇到警察在追捕犯人，于是幫助警察制服嫌疑人的故事?！?4題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：當(dāng)馬克開(kāi)車(chē)去他訓(xùn)練和做志愿者的武術(shù)館時(shí)，他看到了警察看起來(lái)像是在追捕什么。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，指事情應(yīng)用what。故填what?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：馬克從車(chē)?yán)锾顺鰜?lái)，表明了自己的身份，并闡明了他要以二對(duì)一的方式幫助警察的意圖。短語(yǔ)intentiontodosth.表示“做某事的意圖”。故填tomake。【16題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然后，當(dāng)警察努力控制那名男子的上半身時(shí)，馬克把他的體重壓在了那名男子的腿上。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，officer與struggle構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填struggling?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：馬克立即用一個(gè)武術(shù)動(dòng)作來(lái)控制他的肩膀和上半身。結(jié)合上文可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填applied。C語(yǔ)法填空IntheStates,tourismisclearlynotanenvironmentally“clean”industry.Peopledonotjustshowup,spend___18___(they)moneyandleave.Instead,theyshowup,andiftheyhavemoremoneythanthelocalsdo,theymoveinandtellafriend.Somorepeopleareattracted____19____thisplaceandmorehomesarebuiltforthem.Butthesehomesareoftenpricingoutthelocals.Thehospitalityindustrydoescreatejobs,butmanyofthesejobsdon’tpayalot.Thetaxesthatcomefromtourism____20____(use)tofixtheproblemsthattourismcausesinthefirstplace.【答案】18.their19.to20.areused【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)旅游業(yè)的特點(diǎn)以及問(wèn)題。【18題詳解】考查代詞。句意：人們不會(huì)只是出現(xiàn)，花完錢(qián)就離開(kāi)。修飾名詞money應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填their?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：所以越來(lái)越多的人被吸引到這個(gè)地方，越來(lái)越多的房子為他們建造。短語(yǔ)beattractedto表示“被吸引”。故填to?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：來(lái)自旅游業(yè)的稅收首先用于解決旅游業(yè)造成的問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)與與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為T(mén)hetaxes，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填areused。三、閱讀理解第一節(jié)、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）AWelcometoAMDAYourfutureintheperformingartsdoesn’thavetobeadream.Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeofthemostsuccessfulcareersintheatre,filmandtelevision.AMDAcreatesindustryprofessionalswhodon’tjustwaitforlifetohappen—theystagetheirowncareerpath.Nowit’syourturn.ProgramdescriptionAtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthefirstday,you’llfindmanyperformanceopportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutoftheclassroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.Overthecourseofyourfoursemesters(學(xué)期),you’llalsoimproveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensivecurriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationalandadvancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.Finally,throughcoursesincareerpreparation,you’lllearnhowtoapplyallofthistrainingtoasuccessfulcareeronstageandscreen.PhilosophyandmissionAMDAiscommittedtoprovidingasplendidperformingartseducationtoadiversecommunityofcreativeartists.AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupportandopportunitytoidentifytheirownpersonalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartisticvoices.AMDAtriestocreateanenvironmentforstudentstodeveloptheskills,confidence,andpowertocontributetotheircommunityasartists,businesspeople,andhard-workingcitizensoftheworldAboveall,AMDAwantstoteachstudentsthatcommitmentandpassionarethemarksofasuccessfulandjoyouscareer.Registration6305YuccaStreetLosAngeles800-367-7908https://21.Whatisthecurriculum(課程)ofAMDAabout?A.Drawing. B.Philosophy. C.Photography. D.Performing22.Howlongdoesthecourselast?A.Twoyears. B.Onesemester. C.Threesemesters. D.Fouryears.23.WhatcanstudentslearninAMDA?A.Howtotrainaperformer. B.Howtosingbeautifully.C.Thewaytobuildastage. D.Thewaytobeadirector.【答案】21.D22.A23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹AMDA提供表演藝術(shù)相關(guān)課程和職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeofthemostsuccessfulcareersintheatre,filmandtelevision.(50多年來(lái)，AMDA在戲劇、電影和電視領(lǐng)域開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一些最成功的職業(yè)生涯。)”可知，AMDA的課程是關(guān)于表演的。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Programdescription”中的“Overthecourseofyourfoursemesters(學(xué)期),you’llalsoimproveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensivecurriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationalandadvancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.(在您的四個(gè)學(xué)期的過(guò)程中，您還將通過(guò)集中在表演，音樂(lè)劇和舞蹈的基礎(chǔ)和高級(jí)概念的強(qiáng)化課程來(lái)提高您的表演技術(shù)。)”可知，課程持續(xù)四個(gè)學(xué)期，即兩年。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Programdescription”中的“AtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthefirstday,you’llfindmanyperformanceopportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutoftheclassroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.(在AMDA，我們相信表演者必須表演。從第一天開(kāi)始，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在表演的三個(gè)核心領(lǐng)域有很多表演機(jī)會(huì)，無(wú)論是在教室里還是在教室外，再加上個(gè)人的聲音課。)”和“Philosophyandmission”中的“AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupportandopportunitytoidentifytheirownpersonalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartisticvoices.(AMDA既是學(xué)校也是舞臺(tái)，在這里，學(xué)生們得到了支持和機(jī)會(huì)，以確定自己的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，并發(fā)展和提高自己獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)聲音。)”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)贏MDA可以學(xué)到唱歌的技巧，學(xué)習(xí)怎樣唱歌唱得好聽(tīng)。故選B。BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI’mslowlyploddingalong,andthat’sgoodenough.24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe________.A.hadtostopworkingout B.becamephysicallywornoutC.lostthedataonthewatch D.feltasharppaininthelegs25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas________.A.afunhobbyforenjoyment B.astrongneedforrecognitionC.amethodofescapingpunishment D.awayofbeingabetterrunner26.Whatdoes“beingbetter”meantotheauthornow?A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces. B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks. D.Improvingheroverallwell-being.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Adjustmentbringshappiness. B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.C.Sportscontributetohappiness. D.Successequalsself-improvement.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)讓自己變得更好，但這也導(dǎo)致作者變得不再快樂(lè)，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)始專(zhuān)注于跑步時(shí)的感受，如今作者感到更加快樂(lè)了。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.(在最后一次訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)——一段令人筋疲力盡的21英里（34公里）長(zhǎng)跑——我一回到家就一頭倒在地上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手表壞了。21英里在屏幕上閃了一下，然后就消失了，永遠(yuǎn)消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起來(lái)。我在客廳地板上哭泣的悲慘畫(huà)面基本上概括了我與運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤技術(shù)的關(guān)系)”可知，作者在最后一次訓(xùn)練后哭了，因?yàn)樗齺G失了手表上的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.(當(dāng)你變得更強(qiáng)壯、更快時(shí)，看著你的數(shù)據(jù)在運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序上發(fā)生變化，這可能是一種完全的快樂(lè)。我曾經(jīng)很喜歡它，但在某種程度上，它成了我用來(lái)懲罰自己的棍子。我會(huì)觀察自己的速度，和別人比較，或者批評(píng)自己沒(méi)有快30秒。我從未真正意識(shí)到運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤是個(gè)問(wèn)題。在我看來(lái)，跟蹤是自我提升的途徑，而重點(diǎn)是提高，不是嗎？關(guān)鍵是要變得更好)”可知，作者曾將運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤視為成為更好的跑步者的一種方式。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.(我現(xiàn)在跑步時(shí)注意到的事情包括：我的腿感覺(jué)如何，以及跑步后我的思維感覺(jué)如何——清晰而專(zhuān)注。我注意到狗，運(yùn)河邊野生植物的氣味和我臉上的陽(yáng)光（好吧，風(fēng)雨）)”可知，“變得更好”現(xiàn)在對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)意味著改善她的整體幸福感。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第四段“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.(在過(guò)去的一年里，“變得更好”的概念有了不同的含義。我的心理健康狀況下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，變得難以想象地困難。變得更好不再意味著變得更快或更強(qiáng)。這意味著要照顧好自己，在一天中感受一些快樂(lè)。一旦我開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)，我就會(huì)反思生活中什么讓我快樂(lè)，什么讓我不快樂(lè)。所以，我不再跟蹤我的跑步，只是刪除了多年來(lái)對(duì)我非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)，而現(xiàn)在這些數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)毫無(wú)意義)”可知，文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)讓自己變得更好，但這也導(dǎo)致作者變得不再快樂(lè)，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)始專(zhuān)注于跑步時(shí)的感受，如今作者感到更加快樂(lè)了。由此推知，我們可從文章得知調(diào)整帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。故選A。CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比關(guān)系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive(直覺(jué)的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping-obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病學(xué)家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深遠(yuǎn)的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon. D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthanbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravelchoices.C.EpidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareasD.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.【答案】28.D29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述一項(xiàng)新研究，利用簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)定律預(yù)測(cè)全球城市旅行模式，并介紹該定律的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。【28題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.(這種深刻的統(tǒng)計(jì)模式的一種解釋是，行走需要時(shí)間和精力，而人們的資源有限。)”可知，人們的資源、時(shí)間和精力有限，所以人們要使他們的一天達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最優(yōu)化”與makethemostof意義一致，故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病學(xué)家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.(許多研究人員使用“重力模型”來(lái)估計(jì)旅行，該模型假設(shè)城市之間的移動(dòng)與其人口規(guī)模成比例的。但這些模型沒(méi)有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行。這些信息在處理疾病傳播時(shí)尤其重要。流行病學(xué)家SamScarpino表示，基于這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)，可能會(huì)更好地跟蹤這種流動(dòng)。)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明“重力模型”的缺點(diǎn)，它沒(méi)有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行，會(huì)對(duì)處理疾病傳播有影響。第五段“Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.(地理學(xué)家和移動(dòng)性研究員KathleenStewart說(shuō)：“了解這些模式不僅對(duì)于規(guī)劃新購(gòu)物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且對(duì)于模擬城市內(nèi)的疾病傳播也很重要。”)”說(shuō)明了平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravitymodels是為了展現(xiàn)重力模型的缺點(diǎn)及平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故選D。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.(在一個(gè)較小的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，許多人經(jīng)常去同一家雜貨店，隨著病毒席卷整個(gè)社區(qū)，整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)將經(jīng)歷急劇的感染高峰。他解釋說(shuō)：“但在一個(gè)更大的城市，傳播需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，因?yàn)樾⌒土餍胁】梢暂p微地、單獨(dú)地發(fā)生在每個(gè)社區(qū)。”)”可知，病毒在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的傳播速度比在大城市傳播的速度快，故選A。DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“l(fā)imitedability”todelivericeream.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型貨車(chē)).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolve,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(轉(zhuǎn)變)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn’ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemolishingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,we,willfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoMikeBerners-Lee,______.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.weareclosertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demolising”inParagraph6canbereplacedby______.A.wasting B.devaluingC.distributing D.justifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontotherenewableenergy?A.Indifferent. B.Defensive.C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.【答案】31.A32.C33.A34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述我們對(duì)化石燃料的依賴(lài)及能源轉(zhuǎn)移的前景和缺點(diǎn)。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.(這一事件及時(shí)地提醒我們，我們是多么依賴(lài)化石燃料。盡管我們對(duì)風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電充滿(mǎn)熱情、抱有樂(lè)觀的看法，但石油和天然氣的使用以這種或那種方式貫穿于我們經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活的方方面面，今后幾十年的情況也將如此。)”可知，石油和天然氣這樣的傳統(tǒng)燃料對(duì)我們生活非常重要。故前兩段主要講傳統(tǒng)燃料的重要性，故選A。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(轉(zhuǎn)變)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.(能源使用量將繼續(xù)上升，而能源轉(zhuǎn)變往往需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而且永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)真正結(jié)束。我們只是在舊的資源之上堆積新的來(lái)源。世界仍然使用與100年前相同數(shù)量的傳統(tǒng)生物量（木材等）。我們?nèi)匀灰粍?dòng)不動(dòng)，沒(méi)有改變。)”可知，能源轉(zhuǎn)變耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，不會(huì)真正結(jié)束，故推知能源轉(zhuǎn)變很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，故選C。【33題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段的第一句“Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.(不管怎樣，事實(shí)是，無(wú)論我們喜歡與否，我們的能源轉(zhuǎn)型都需要長(zhǎng)期依賴(lài)化石燃料)”和根據(jù)下文的“Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.”（相反，在我們等待由可再生能源主導(dǎo)的未來(lái)的工程挑戰(zhàn)被解決的同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該專(zhuān)注于使它們的開(kāi)采更加清潔和高效）可知，我們需要長(zhǎng)期依賴(lài)化石燃料，我們應(yīng)該專(zhuān)注于使它們的開(kāi)采更加清潔和高效。也就是說(shuō)我們不能浪費(fèi)化石燃料，故demolishing的意思是“浪費(fèi)”，與wasting意義一致。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.(無(wú)論哪種方式，事實(shí)是，無(wú)論我們喜歡與否，我們的能源轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變都涉及對(duì)化石燃料的長(zhǎng)期依賴(lài)。)”及最后一段“Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,we,willfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.(如果我們不這樣做——如果我們?cè)试S自己被太陽(yáng)能的先進(jìn)所欺騙，以至于我們認(rèn)為不再需要骯臟的燃料來(lái)生產(chǎn)冰淇淋，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)未來(lái)被不必要的昂貴能源所阻礙——幾乎可以肯定的是，沒(méi)有冰淇淋。)”可知，我們?nèi)匀婚L(zhǎng)期依賴(lài)化石燃料。如果只是依賴(lài)可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)移，我們將被這些能源所阻礙，故推知，作者認(rèn)為不能只是依賴(lài)可再生能源，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)變成可再生能源持小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中