北京市朝陽區(qū)2023-2024學年高一上學期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題 含解析

北京市朝陽區(qū)2023~2024學年度第一學期期末質(zhì)量檢測高一英語(考試時間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheroofofanoldlady’shouse.Weaimedtoseehowthestones___1___tofallingstarsastheyrolledofftheroofandshotintotheyard.Ifoundaperfectlysmoothrock.Itwastoosmooth,however,soitslipped(滑落)frommyhandasIthrewitandit___2___forasmallwindowofthehouse.Hearingthesoundofbreakingglass,IknewIwas___3___.Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnighttobe___4___abouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.However,afewdayslater,Istartedtofeelsorryforher___5___.Shestillgreetedmeeachdaywithasmile.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoneytomakeupforwhatIdid.Finally,Imadeit.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldbeenoughto___6___thecost.Iwaiteduntilitwasdark.Iwentuptoherhouse___7___andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret.Atthatmoment,IfeltthatIcouldhavethe___8___,onceagain,tolookintotheoldlady’skindeyes.Thenextday,Ihandedherthepaperandwasableto___9___herwarmsmile.Shethankedmeandgavemeabagofcookies.Afterseveralcookies,Ifeltanenvelope.WhenIopenedit,Iwas____10____toseethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”1.A.ran B.jumped C.changed D.added2.A.waited B.headed C.looked D.called3.A.introuble B.intears C.inrelief D.indanger4.A.nervous B.careful C.serious D.concerned5.A.challenge B.suffering C.pressure D.sadness6.A.cover B.cut C.raise D.count7.A.humbly B.painfully C.quietly D.proudly8.A.patience B.desire C.courage D.inspiration9.A.record B.return C.reward D.realize10A.eager B.excited C.stressed D.surprised【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B10.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者不小心打破了一位老婦人的窗戶，作者感到很內(nèi)疚，于是給老婦人送了一封匿名信，信里作者表達了自己的歉意，且有作者省下來的七美元，用來支付打破窗戶的費用。但是第二天當作者給老婦人送報紙時，老婦人給了作者一袋子餅干，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一封信，信封里有七美元和一張寫著“我問你感到驕傲”的便條，原來老婦人早就知道是作者打破了窗戶?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的目的是看看當石頭從屋頂滾落并射入院子時，它們是如何變成流星的。A.ran跑步；B.jumped跳；C.changed變化；D.added加上。由下文“tofallingstarsastheyrolledofftheroofandshotintotheyard.”可知，作者和朋友扔石頭的目的是想看當石頭從屋頂滾落并落入到院子時，它們是如何變成流星的。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而它太光滑了，所以當我扔它時它從我的手中滑落，它飛向了房子的一扇小窗戶。A.waited等待；B.headed前往；C.looked看；D.called打電話。headfor固定搭配，意為“前往；朝……移動/前進”，由下文“forasmallwindowofthehouse.”可知，石頭朝房子的已刪窗戶那飛去了。故選B?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：聽到玻璃破碎的聲音，我知道我遇到麻煩了。A.introuble有麻煩；B.intears流淚的；C.inrelief如釋重負；D.indanger處于危險中。由上文“Hearingthesoundofbreakingglass”和下文“Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnight”可知，作者打破了別人家的窗戶，怕自己被捉到，所以說作者知道自己遇到麻煩了。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上我害怕被抓了，根本沒有去關(guān)心那個在這么冷的冬天窗戶破了的老太太。A.nervous緊張的；B.careful仔細的；C.serious嚴肅的；D.concerned關(guān)心的。由上文“Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnighttobe”和下文“abouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.”可知，作者當時太害怕了，根本沒有關(guān)心這么冷的天，這位老太太會如何度過，beconcernedabout固定搭配，意為“關(guān)心”。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，幾天后，我開始為她的痛苦感到難過。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.suffering痛苦；C.pressure壓力；D.sadness傷心。由上文“theoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.”可知，作者打破了老太太的窗戶，這么冷的天，老太太肯定會受凍，由此可知，作者開始為她老太太在這么冷的天受苦而感到難過。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把錢裝進一個信封，并附上一張紙條，解釋說我很抱歉打破了她的窗戶，并希望這七美元足以支付費用。A.cover支付；B.cut切；C.raise提高；D.count數(shù)數(shù)。由上文“thesevendollarswouldbeenoughto”和下文“thecost”可知，作者將七美元給老太太，希望能支付自己打破窗戶的費用。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我悄悄走到她家，把那封我沒有署名的信偷偷地放在她家門口。A.humbly謙虛地；B.painfully痛苦地；C.quietly悄悄地；D.proudly驕傲地。由上文“Iwaiteduntilitwasdark”和下文“puttheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret”可知，作者等到天黑時悄悄地來到她家，把信悄悄地放在門口。故選C。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那一刻，我覺得我可以再一次有勇氣看向老太太慈祥眼睛。A.patience耐心；B.desire渴望；C.courage勇氣；D.inspiration靈感。根據(jù)上文“IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldbeenoughto____6____thecost.”和“Iwentuptoherhouse____7____andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret.”可知，作者之前感到愧疚，但是現(xiàn)在作者為自己所做的錯事進行了補償，所以覺得自己再一次有勇氣看向老太太慈祥的眼睛。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，我把報紙遞給她，并能回報她溫暖的微笑。A.record記錄；B.return回報；C.reward酬謝；D.realize意識到。由下文“Shethankedmeandgavemeabagofcookies.”可知，當作者給老太太報紙時，她感謝了作者，對作者回以微笑。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我打開它時，我驚訝地看到了七美元和一張簡短的紙條，上面寫著“我為你感到驕傲”。A.eager渴望的；B.excited興奮的；C.stressed有壓力的；D.surprised驚訝的。由下文“toseethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.””和上文提到作者偷偷地將匿名信和錢給了老太太可知，這封信表明老太太早就知道是作者打破了窗戶，所以作者感到很驚訝。故選D。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當?shù)膯卧~或詞組，并使用其正確形式填空。duetobeaddictedtoliveuptoratherthanmakeanefforttakeadvantageofrepresenthaveanimpactonenabledealwith11.Theredlinesonthemap______railways.12.Thismoneywould_____metoopenmyownbusiness.13.Thesmokeintheairwas______awildfireinthenearbyforest.14.Youshould______thehotel’sgymandpoolwhileyou’rethere.15.One’sgeneralknowledgeabouthealth______theirlifestylechoices.16Tim______coffeeandcan’tdoanythinginthemorninguntilhe’shadsome.17.Thegirlhasfailedto______theproblemofhomesicknesswhiletravelingabroad.18.Afterlosingthegame,he______tohidehisdisappointment,butweallsawitinhisface.19.We’veheardlotsofgoodnewsabouttherestaurantanditsfood______ourexpectationtoo.20.______drivingaroundalldaylookingforplacestopark,whydon’tyoutakeabusintotown?【答案】11.represent12.enable13.dueto14.takeadvantageof15.hasanimpacton16.isaddictedto17.dealwith18.madeaneffort19.livesupto20.Ratherthan【解析】【11題詳解】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意：地圖上的紅線代表鐵路。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞represent“代表”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Theredlines為復數(shù)名詞，所以為動詞復數(shù)形式。故填represent?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這筆錢可以讓我開自己的公司。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞enable“使能夠”，構(gòu)成動詞短語enablesbtodosth“使某人能夠做某事”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前would可知，為動詞原形。故填enable?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語。句意：空氣中的煙霧是由附近森林的野火引起的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為介詞短語dueto“歸因于，由于”，滿足句意要求。故填dueto?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：你應(yīng)該好好利用酒店的健身房和游泳池。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語takeadvantageof“利用”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前should情態(tài)動詞可知，為動詞原形。故填takeadvantageof。【15題詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：一個人的健康常識對他們的生活方式選擇有影響。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語haveanimpacton“對……有影響”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合句意可知，該句為陳述客觀事實，為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語One’sgeneralknowledge為不可數(shù)名詞，所以為動詞三單形式。故填hasanimpacton?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：蒂姆對咖啡上癮，早上不喝點咖啡就做不了任何事。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語beaddictedto“沉迷于”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合and連接的can’tdo可知，此處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填isaddictedto?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：這個女孩在國外旅行時沒能處理好思鄉(xiāng)的問題。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語dealwith“解決，處理”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前to不定式可知，為動詞原形。故填dealwith。【18題詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：輸了比賽后，他努力掩飾自己的失望，但我們都從他的臉上看出來了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語makeanefforttodo“努力做某事”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合后面動詞saw可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時。故填madeaneffort?！?9題詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：我們聽到了很多關(guān)于這家餐廳的好消息，它的食物也符合我們的期望。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動詞短語liveupto“不辜負”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合句意可知，此處為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語itsfood為不可數(shù)名詞，所以為動詞三單形式。故填livesupto?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：與其整天開著車到處找地方停車，你為什么不坐公共汽車進城呢？根據(jù)句意可知，此處為固定短語ratherthan“而不是，與其”，滿足句意要求。故填Ratherthan。第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式琪空。21.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor________viewsarewidelyrespected.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）【答案】whose【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：布朗博士是一位資深教授，他的觀點受到廣泛尊重。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個包含定語從句的復合句，先行詞為professor，因空白處在從句中作定語，使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導定語從句，故填whose。22.Thelittlegirl______(cry)herheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybear.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】cried【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：小女孩因為丟了玩具熊而痛哭。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，結(jié)合從句動詞hadlost可知，此處應(yīng)為描述過去發(fā)生的事情，為一般過去時。故填cried。23.Tomwasmyleaderandhepromisedthathe______(help)meifnecessary.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】wouldhelp【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：湯姆是我的領(lǐng)導，他答應(yīng)必要時他會幫助我。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，由主句動詞promised可知，此處也要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，結(jié)合句意可知，從句表示過去將要發(fā)生的事情，用過去將來時，為woulddo。故填wouldhelp。24.Wewere______(amaze)toseeJohnlookingsowell,sosoonafterhisoperation.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】amazed【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們驚訝地看到約翰手術(shù)后這么快就恢復得這么好。分析句子可知，此處為形容詞amazed“驚訝的”作表語，構(gòu)成動詞短語beamazedtodo“驚訝于做某事”，滿足句意要求。故填amazed。25.WhenIwenttopayhimavisitinthehospital,he______(examine)bythedoctor.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】wasbeingexamined【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當我去醫(yī)院看望他時，他正在接受醫(yī)生的檢查。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，根據(jù)句意以及從句動詞went可知，此處應(yīng)表示過去正在進行的事情，為過去進行時，結(jié)合he和動詞examine為被動關(guān)系，所以為過去進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填wasbeingexamined。26.Heimaginedallsortsof______(excite)thingsaboutstudyingandlivingincollege.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】exciting【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他想象著大學里學習和生活的種種令人興奮的事情。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞things，表示“令人興奮的”，應(yīng)用-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞exciting。故填exciting。27.Afteraheateddiscussion,wecameupwiththeway______(solve)thefundingproblem.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】tosolve【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：經(jīng)過激烈討論，我們想出了解決資金問題的辦法。此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾名詞way，thewaytodosth.固定搭配，意為“做某事的方法”，名詞way后應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語，故填tosolve。28.WhenababyisonemontholdinChina,aFullMoonceremony______(hold)tocelebrateit.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】isheld【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在中國，當嬰兒一個月大時，會舉行滿月儀式來慶祝。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，主語aFullMoonceremony和動詞hold為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成是“be+過去分詞”，結(jié)合句意以及從句動詞is可知，本句描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是單數(shù)，be動詞應(yīng)用is。故填isheld。29.Theywereimpressedbytheschools______theyhadvisitedinthepoorvillageanddecidedtohelpthem.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】that##which【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們參觀過的貧困村的學校給他們留下了深刻的印象，于是決定幫助他們。“________theyhadvisitedinthepoorvillage”是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theschools，指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用that/which引導定語從句，故填that/which。30.Itisabigchallenge______(find)andkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】tofind【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在進步與文化遺址保護之間找到并保持適當?shù)钠胶馐且豁椌薮蟮奶魬?zhàn)。itbe+(a/an)+名詞+todosth.固定句型，意為“做某事是（一件）……的事”，it是形式主語，此處應(yīng)用不定式作真正的主語，故填tofind。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATePapaTongarewaTePapaTongarewaisthemuseumofart,science,andthenaturalhistoryofNewZealand.Thenametranslatesto“ourcontaineroftreasuredthingsandpeoplethatspringfrommotherearthhereinNewZealand”.TePapaisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm,exceptonChristmasDay.Admissionisfreeforeveryone,butchargesapplytocertainexhibitionsandevents.·GuidedtoursIntroducingTePapaTourwillgiveyouagreatopportunitytounderstandthevariousviewsandculturesyouwillmeetthroughoutNewZealand.TePapa@TwilightTourisanexcellentchoicetoavoidthecrowdsanddiscoverTePapa’shighlightsasthesunbeginstoset.Youcandiscussourdiversenaturalenvironment,andthecontinuedgrowthofMaoriculturewithaprivateguide.TakeajourneywithMaoriExperienceKinakiTour,todiscoverhowfirstpeoplesofthelandhaveformeduniquefoodsprovidedbythenaturalworld.Thetourwillconcludewithasharedkai,traditionally-inspiredfoodtasting.·PlananeducationvisitIfyouareaneducator,choosefromourrangeofeducationprogrammes.Eachcanbeadaptedtoyourneeds.Bothin-personandvirtualvisitsareaccessible.Werecommendbookingatleasttwoweeksaheadoftime.Duringthevisit,werequireyoutobringadultstosupervise(管理)studentscloselyasyouareresponsiblefortheirsafety.Foodanddrinks(exceptbottledwater)arenotallowedinexhibitionareas.Schoolsarewelcometoeatlunchintheoutdoorcourtyard.Youmayalsochoosetobuylunchesfromourcaféandarewelcometousecafespacetoeat.31.Accordingtothepassage,TePapaTongarewa______.A.showslocalcollections B.isfullofworldwidetreasuresC.hostsalltheeventsforfree D.isopenthewholeyearround32.WhichtripofTePapaofferstypicaltraditionalfood?A.IntroducingTePapaTour. B.TePapa@TwilightTour.C.Aneducationprogramme. D.MaoriExperienceKinakiTour.33.ForaneducationvisittoTePapa_____.A.bookingaweekaheadisrequired B.themuseumensuresstudents’safelyC.eatinginexhibitionareasisaccepted D.themuseumsupportspersonalizedservice【答案】31.A32.D33.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。TePapaTongarewa是新西蘭的藝術(shù)、科學和自然歷史博物館。文章主要介紹了去TePapaTongarewa旅行或進行教育訪問的相關(guān)信息。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TePapaTongarewaisthemuseumofart,science,andthenaturalhistoryofNewZealand.Thenametranslatesto“ourcontaineroftreasuredthingsandpeoplethatspringfrommotherearthhereinNewZealand”.(蒂帕帕湯加雷瓦(TePapaTongarewa)是新西蘭的藝術(shù)、科學和自然歷史博物館。這個名字的意思是“我們的容器，里面裝著來自新西蘭大地母親的珍貴物品和人”)”可知，TePapaTongarewa展示了新西蘭當?shù)氐氖詹仄?。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)·Guidedtours下面第三段“TakeajourneywithMaoriExperienceKinakiTour,todiscoverhowfirstpeoplesofthelandhaveformeduniquefoodsprovidedbythenaturalworld.Thetourwillconcludewithasharedkai,traditionally-inspiredfoodtasting.(參加毛利人體驗基納基之旅（MaoriExperienceKinakiTour），探索這片土地上的第一批人民如何創(chuàng)造自然世界提供的獨特食物。旅程將以共享kai傳統(tǒng)美食品嘗結(jié)束)”可知，MaoriExperienceKinakiTour提供典型的傳統(tǒng)美食。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)·Plananeducationvisit中第一段“ Ifyouareaneducator,choosefromourrangeofeducationprogrammes.Eachcanbeadaptedtoyourneeds.Bothin-personandvirtualvisitsareaccessible.(如果您是一名教育工作者，請從我們的一系列教育課程中進行選擇。每個都可以根據(jù)您的需求進行調(diào)整。面對面和虛擬訪問都是可以訪問的。)”可知，前往TePapa進行教育訪問提供個性化服務(wù)。故選D。BHanselEnmanuel,a19-year-oldbasketballplayer,hasdrawnattentionaftervideosspreadquicklyshowinghisawesomeskills,likemaking3-pointshotsanddunking(灌籃)withease.Allwithjusthisrightarm.Itlooksalmosteffortlesswhenheplays.However,it’snot.Itneverhasbeen.Enmanuelwas6whenhewasclimbingawall.Itfelloverhim,bricksandblocksonhisleftarm.Hewasrushedtothehospital,butthedoctorcouldn’tsavehisarmanditwascutoffseveralinchesbelowtheshoulder.ItwasadarktimeforEnmanuelandhisfamily.Slowly,thingsgotbetterforthelittleboy.Hestillremembersthefirsttimehetiedhisshoes.Just7,Enmanuelwaswaitingforhismothertodoitforhim,butshewasbusycooking.“Iwaslike,nevermind,I’mgoingtostart,”hesaidinarecentinterview.“Itoldmyselfletmetry.Iwastrying.ThenImadeit.”“SoIwasexcited,excitedlikecrazy,”headded.Smallthingsbecamehugevictories.Monthsafterthat,Enmanueltriedbasketball,too.Butit’snotaneasypath.Hismissingarmlefthimlackingbalance.Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Thesefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoexcellenceinbasketballskills.Enmanuelfirstdunkedat14,anditwasn’tlongbeforehispopularitygrewwiththeviewsonhisvideos.Butitwasn’tthehighlightvideosthatinterestedhiscoach,CoreyGipson.HelikedEnmanuel’sattitudeandthewayhecarriedhimselfonthecourt.“Hanselisaverytoughperson,”Gipsonsaid.“Whenyouseehimonthefloor,youjustseeanunstoppableforcethatdoesn’ttakeanythingforgranted(理所應(yīng)當).”“I’mnotspecial,”Enmanuelsaid.“I’mnotdifferentthannobody.TheonlydifferenceisthatI’vegotonearm,butthat’snotdifferent.”34.WhatfirstencouragedEnmanueltorecoverfromtheaccident?A.Thehelpfromhisdoctor. B.Managingtotiehisshoes.C.Videosonhisshotsanddunking. D.Theattentionfromhismother.35.Enmanuelpointedtoscarsonhislegmainlytoshowhis______.A.success B.health C.efforts D.competence36.WhatinterestedEnmanuel’scoachmost?A.Hisresponsetodifficulties. B.Hisgreatsenseofbalance.C.Hisconfidenceonthecourt. D.Hispopularityonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.DYoucanmakeadifferencebybeingdifferent.【答案】34.B35.C36.A37.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了19歲的獨臂男孩HanselEnmanuel用右臂展示了他出色的三分球投籃和輕松灌籃的技術(shù)，這使他在網(wǎng)上迅速走紅。他的成就是他在經(jīng)過無數(shù)次摔倒后仍然努力練球所換來的。這個故事告訴我們：有志者事竟成。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hestillremembersthefirsttimehetiedhisshoes.Just7,Enmanuelwaswaitingforhismothertodoitforhim,butshewasbusycooking.“Iwaslike,nevermind,I’mgoingtostart,”hesaidinarecentinterview.“Itoldmyselfletmetry.Iwastrying.ThenImadeit.”“SoIwasexcited,excitedlikecrazy,”headded.(他還記得第一次系鞋帶的情景。伊曼紐爾才7歲，正在等他的母親為他做飯，但她正忙著做飯?！拔耶敃r想，沒關(guān)系，我要開始了，”他在最近的一次采訪中說道。“我告訴自己讓我嘗試一下。我正在嘗試。然后我就成功了。”“所以我很興奮，興奮得發(fā)瘋，”他補充道)”可知，Enmanuel第一次設(shè)法系好了鞋帶，這是第一次促使他從事故中恢復過來，故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Thesefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoexcellenceinbasketballskills.(每次他試圖跑起來時，他都會摔倒在地，落在他所打球的球場上覆蓋的碎片上。這些跌倒給他留下了無數(shù)疤痕。在采訪中，恩曼紐爾指著腿上一道又一道的傷疤，讓人想起正是這段艱難的時光讓他取得了卓越的籃球技術(shù)。)”可知，Enmanuel嘗試打籃球時很努力，一次次摔倒給他留下了很多疤痕。由此推知，Enmanuel指著自己腿上的傷疤主要是為了表明他為打籃球所付出的努力。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butitwasn’tthehighlightvideosthatinterestedhiscoach,CoreyGipson.HelikedEnmanuel’sattitudeandthewayhecarriedhimselfonthecourt.“Hanselisaverytoughperson,”Gipsonsaid.“Whenyouseehimonthefloor,youjustseeanunstoppableforcethatdoesn’ttakeanythingforgranted(理所應(yīng)當).”(但令他的教練科里·吉普森感興趣的并不是精彩視頻。他喜歡恩曼紐爾的態(tài)度和他在球場上的表現(xiàn)?！皾h塞爾是一個非常堅強的人，”吉普森說。“當你看到他在場上時，你就會看到一種不可阻擋的力量，不會認為任何事情都是理所當然的?！?”可知，教練喜歡Enmanuel的態(tài)度和在球場上的表現(xiàn)，即他很堅強，有一種不可阻擋的力量來戰(zhàn)勝困難。由此推知，令教練對Enmanuel感興趣的是他應(yīng)對困難的反應(yīng)。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“HanselEnmanuel,a19-year-oldbasketballplayer,hasdrawnattentionaftervideosspreadquicklyshowinghisawesomeskills,likemaking3-pointshotsanddunking(灌籃)withease.Allwithjusthisrightarm.Itlooksalmosteffortlesswhenheplays.However,it’snot.Itneverhasbeen.(9歲的籃球運動員漢塞爾·恩曼紐爾(HanselEnmanuel)在視頻迅速傳播后引起了人們的關(guān)注，他展示了他出色的三分球投籃和輕松灌籃的技術(shù)。全部只用他的右臂。當他演奏時，看起來幾乎毫不費力。然而，事實并非如此。而且從來不是這么輕松)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Butit’snotaneasypath.Hismissingarmlefthimlackingbalance.Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Thesefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoexcellenceinbasketballskills.(但這并不是一條容易的路。他失去的手臂使他失去平衡。每次他試圖逃跑時，他都會摔倒在地，落在他所打球的球場上覆蓋的碎片上。這些跌倒給他留下了無數(shù)疤痕。在采訪中，恩曼紐爾指著腿上一道又一道的傷疤，讓人想起正是這段艱難的時光讓他取得了卓越的籃球技術(shù))”可知，19歲的獨臂男孩HanselEnmanuel用右臂展示了他出色的三分球投籃和輕松灌籃的技術(shù)，這使他在網(wǎng)上迅速走紅。事實上，這并不像視頻中看起來這么輕松，這是他在經(jīng)過無數(shù)次摔倒仍然努力練球所換來的成就。由此推知，這個故事告訴我們只要想做就能成功，即有志者事竟成。故選C。CEarlierfindingsaboutsharkshaveshownthattheycouldlearnskillsfromeachother.Recently,VeraSchluesselattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhercolleagueshavedoneresearchonhowwell12bamboosharkscouldrecognize(認出)differentnumbersofobjects.Eachsharkwasputinatrainingpoolwithpicturesoftwodifferentgroupsofgeometric(幾何圖形的)shapesprojectedontoawallTheteamthencycledthroughatleast40objectsofdifferentshapesandshadestoensurethesharksweren’tsimplypickinguponthedarknessoftheobjectsortheareaofwalltheycovered.Aroundhalfthesharkslearnedtoreliablypresstheirnoseagainsttheimagewiththemostobjects,afterwhichtheywererewardedwithfood.Thesesharksonlyseemedabletopickoutthebiggergroupifitcontainedatleasttwomoreobjectsthanthesmallerone.Thismaybebecausethedifferencebetweensixandsevenfishorpredators(捕食者)isunimportantinthewild,saysSchluessel.Thereasonnotallthesharkslearnedhowtodothetaskcouldbethatthey,likeallanimals,havedifferencesinintelligence(智力).Sharksjoinagrowingnumberofanimalsthathavebeendiscoveredtohavesimilarskillsatdistinguishingquantities,includingblackbears,guppiesandrhesusmonkeys.Inoneexperiment,dogsandwolveswereabletoreliablypickthelargeroftwogroups.Butdogscouldonlydosowhenoneofthegroupshadfarmoreobjects.Somesharkspeciesaresociallearnersandcanperformataskinatankmorequicklyiftheywatchanothersharkthathasalreadybeentrainedtodoit.Thischallengestheimageofsharksasmindless,solitarycreatures.Justlikehumans,sharkslearnfromtheirownexperiencesandfailures.Andjustaswedo,sharkscanlearnfromeachother’sexperiencestoo,saysCatarinaVilaPoucaatMacquarieUniversityinAustralia.“Beingabletolearnfromothersisenormouslybeneficial.Notonlydoesitsavetime,butwatchinganothershark’ssuccessatfeedingorfailuretoescapepredatorscouldbeamatteroflifeordeath.”Schluesselandhercolleagueshavealsopreviouslyfoundthatbamboosharkshaveanadvancedabilitytorecognizecategories,suchassnailsorfish,enablingthemtogetatreatevenifpictureslookremarkablysimilar.Thisissimilartoourabilitytolookatagoldfishandasalmonandknowthattheyarethesametypeofthing,eventhoughoneis30timesthesizeoftheother.38.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesharksintherecentresearch?A.Theyaretrainedtorecognizetheshapes.B.Theyarecapableoftellingmorefromless.C.Theycanidentifyobjectsduetotherewards.D.Theyarenobetterthandogsintellingnumbers.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solitary”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Selfish. B.Lonely. C.Risky. D.Lazy.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?AToshowhowsharkslearnfromeachother.B.Toexplainhowsharksandhumansarealike.C.Toprovethatsharksaresmarterthantheylook.D.Topresenttheimportanceofnumbersforsharks.【答案】38.B39.B40.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究表明，鯊魚有識別不同數(shù)量物體的能力。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Aroundhalfthesharkslearnedtoreliablypresstheirnoseagainsttheimagewiththemostobjects,afterwhichtheywererewardedwithfood.Thesesharksonlyseemedabletopickoutthebiggergroupifitcontainedatleasttwomoreobjectsthanthesmallerone.(大約一半的鯊魚學會了將鼻子可靠地貼在物體最多的圖像上，之后它們就會得到食物獎勵。較多圖像這組比較小這組至少多兩個圖像時，這些鯊魚似乎才能識別出較大的這組圖像)”可知，鯊魚能夠區(qū)別出多和少。故選B?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Somesharkspeciesaresociallearnersandcanperformataskinatankmorequicklyiftheywatchanothersharkthathasalreadybeentrainedtodoit.(一些鯊魚物種是社會學習者，如果它們觀察另一條已經(jīng)接受過訓練的鯊魚，它們可以更快地在水箱中執(zhí)行任務(wù))”和下文“Justlikehumans,sharkslearnfromtheirownexperiencesandfailures.(就像人類一樣，鯊魚從自己的經(jīng)歷和失敗中學習)”可知，鯊魚是社會學習者，并不是獨居生物，它們是有意識的，會從別的已經(jīng)接受過訓練的鯊魚身上學到一些東西。由此可推知，鯊魚并不是無意識、孤獨的生物，劃線單詞solitary意為“孤獨的”，與B項“Lonely.(孤獨的)”意思一樣，故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Earlierfindingsaboutsharkshaveshownthattheycouldlearnskillsfromeachother.Recently,VeraSchluesselattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhercolleagueshavedoneresearchonhowwell12bamboosharkscouldrecognize(認出)differentnumbersofobjects.(早期關(guān)于鯊魚的研究結(jié)果表明，它們可以互相學習技能。最近，德國波恩大學的VeraSchluessel和她的同事對12只竹鯊識別不同數(shù)量物體的能力進行了研究。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項新的研究表明，鯊魚有識別不同數(shù)量物體的能力。由此推知，文章的目的是告訴我們鯊魚有識別不同數(shù)量物體的能力，即數(shù)字對鯊魚來說很重要。故選D。DDespitedecadesofresearch,disordersofthebrainhaveprovedespeciallydifficulttotreat.Thereisschizophrenia(精神分裂癥),whichhasnotseenabreakthroughformorethan60years,sincethediscoveryofchlorpromazine—whichhappenedlargelybychance.Butthestoryofchlorpromazineoffersapowerfullesson:originallyanantihistamine(抗過敏藥),itwasrepurposedasamedicineforschizophrenia.Asascientistwhohasstudiedschizophreniafordecades,Iamconvincedthatwecouldhavesimilarsuccesseswithothermedicinesalreadyonourshelves.BecauseanexistingdrughasalreadypassedFoodandDrugAdministrationtests(FDA-approved),successfullyrepurposingitcouldtakelessthanhalfoftheestimated13yearsandsignificantlylessthantheaverage$2-billionto$3-billioncostofdevelopingasingledrugfromnothing.ThethousandsofFDA-approveddrugsthusrepresentavastresourcethatcanpossiblybeadaptedtotargetanynumberofconditions.Butthispossibilityislargelyunexplored,inpartbecausedrugcompaniesalwayshavetorestructuretheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)programstolookatotherdiseases.TherearealsothousandsofdrugsthatarenotFDA-approved.Whenacompanydiscontinuesdevelopmentofadrug,whateverresearchersknowislockedupinthatcompany’sfilesandmightaswellbelost.Scientistsneedaccess(使用機會)tothisinformation.Ifthisinformationcouldbedirectedintoacentralizedresource,itwouldbegreatnews.Researcherscouldemploythelatesttoolsinbio-informatics,datascienceandmachinelearningtouncovercommonmolecular(分子的)themesamongorbetweendiseasesandpromisingdrugs.Yetmanydrugcompaniesarestillunwillingtorevealanythingthatmightputtheircopyrightsatrisk.Evenacademicsmayhesitatetosharewithcompetinglaboratories.Tocopewiththis,organizationsliketheFDAmustdevelopmotivationsforsharingdata,suchasbycreatinglegalsafeguardsforprivacyandcommercialinterests.Thesemotivationscouldthenopenthefloodgatesforeasy-to-use,openplatformsforefficientlysharingandminingdata.Thiswouldnothavebeenpossiblefiveyearsago.Butnowisacriticalmoment,andwehaveneverbeenclosertorealbreakthroughs.Inmylab,wearetestingcertaincancerdrugsthatrestoresomeofthebiologicalprocessesthataredisturbedinschizophrenia.Wewanttoseeifthedrugshavethesamerestorativefeaturesinthebraincellsofschizophreniapatients.Thisisaproofoftheideathatasystematicandstrategicapproachtodrugrepurposingcouldactuallymovetheneedle.Thereisnotimetowaste.Whatweneediscooperationfromdrugcompaniesandacademicscientistsalike—andaccesstothelifesavingdatatheyhold.41.Whydoestheauthormentionchlorpromazineinthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthedifficultyintreatingbraindisorders.B.Toexplainmedicalprogresscouldhappenbyluck.C.TointroduceamedicinebreakthroughinmedicalhistoryD.Toshowamedicineforacertainillnesscantreatanotherdisease.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Informationarisingfromdrugdevelopmentcanbewasted.B.Theundevelopedfunctionsofpresentmedicinesareovervalued.C.WeshouldtreasureFDA-approveddrugsmorethantheunapproved.D.Studyingexistingdrugsismorelikelytosucceedthandevelopingnewones.43.Asfordrugcompanies’beingunwillingtoshare,theauthoris_______.A.supportive B.negative C.understanding D.uncertain44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.NewDrugsfromOld B.AccesstoLifesavingDataC.BetweenDrugCompaniesandScientists. D.BeforeandAfterMedicalBreakthroughs【答案】41.D42.A43.C44.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過一種抗組胺藥物被用于治療另一種疾病的例子說明了應(yīng)該利用現(xiàn)有的藥物來研制新的藥物，這么做可以節(jié)約成本和時間，但其中存在著一些問題和挑戰(zhàn)。【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Despitedecadesofresearch,disordersofthebrainhaveprovedespeciallydifficulttotreat.Thereisschizophrenia(精神分裂癥),whichhasnotseenabreakthroughformorethan60