第01講 冠詞【學(xué)考復(fù)習(xí)】2024年高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)業(yè)水平考試考點(diǎn)歸納與測(cè)試（江蘇專用）

第01講冠詞目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u 1 1考點(diǎn)一定冠詞 1考點(diǎn)二不定冠詞 3考點(diǎn)三零冠詞 5 7 9考點(diǎn)一定冠詞1.不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前，an用在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前。Inauniversity，aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkedalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大學(xué)里，一個(gè)歐洲人和一個(gè)一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。Anhourago，anhonestmanacceptedanunusualgiftandwenttofinishanhonorabletask.一小時(shí)前，一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人接受了一件非同尋常的禮物，去完成一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。2.不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The＂ChineseDream＂isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingandadreamofharmony，peaceanddevelopment.＂中國(guó)夢(mèng)＂是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng)，是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。3.表示某種身份、職業(yè)、地位、國(guó)籍。WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn，Mumbetconsultedalawyer，TheodoreSedgewick.當(dāng)Ashleys一家試圖讓她回來(lái)時(shí)，Mumbet咨詢了一個(gè)叫西奧多·塞奇威克的律師。4.用在人名或時(shí)間名詞前表示不確定的某個(gè)人或某個(gè)時(shí)間；用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人?！狤xcuseme，isthereaMrTailorlivingintheneighborhood？Thereisaparcelforhim.—Sorry，butthereisnosuchpersonhere.——?jiǎng)隈{，這個(gè)居民點(diǎn)住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎？這里有他的包裹?！獙?duì)不起，這兒沒(méi)有這么一個(gè)人。5.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。Shedidn’tlikethecolorofthetwobagsandaskedforathirdone.她不喜歡這兩個(gè)包的顏色，又要了一個(gè)。6.表示單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的頻度，含有＂每＂的概念。Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.這藥每天吃三次。7.具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞在與have，take，make等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)表示一種短暫性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞。如：takealook看一看；haveatry試一試。Youhadbettergotothefactoryandhavealook.你最好到廠里去看一看。8.不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。如：awasteof浪費(fèi)……；allofasudden突然地；asarule通常。IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了?！镜淅治觥俊纠?】（2022春·安徽合肥·高一?？计谀㏄leaseberemindedthatspeedlimithereisthirtymilesperhour.A．不填 B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．the【例2】（2023春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱三中?？计谀㊣fIhavetomakeachoicebetweenthetwopaintings.Ithinklatterisbetter.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【例3】（2023春·黑龍江鶴崗·高一鶴崗一中?？计谀㏕hereisnoproofthatithithimonhead.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）考點(diǎn)二不定冠詞1.用在名詞前表示特指?！狣idyouenjoyyourselfyesterday?—Yes，asyouknow，thepartywentoninapleasantatmosphere.——你昨天玩得開(kāi)心嗎？——是，正如你所知，晚會(huì)是在愉快的氣氛中進(jìn)行的。2.用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物之前。Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?你知道是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電話嗎？3.用在序數(shù)詞、比較級(jí)(兩者相比較，表示特指的時(shí)候)和最高級(jí)前。Doyouknowwhichstoryisthemoreinterestingofthetwo？你認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)故事中哪個(gè)更有趣？4.用于集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和某些專有名詞前。MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedonthePacificOceanonhiswaytoJavainthethirteenthcentury.(2013·陜西)據(jù)說(shuō)在十三世紀(jì)馬可·波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過(guò)太平洋。5.定冠詞the和形容詞、過(guò)去分詞連用，表示一類人或事物。Manyoftheinjuredarestillindanger.許多受傷者仍處于危險(xiǎn)中。6.用在表示計(jì)量的名詞前如bythehour，bythedozen等，但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞如byweight，byheight等?！狪t’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60，000ayear.—Right，hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.——據(jù)說(shuō)約翰將擁有一份年收入超過(guò)60000美元的工作?！堑模視?huì)按周獲得報(bào)酬。7.定冠詞the用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示全家人或夫妻倆。TheWhitessettleddowninCanadalastyear.去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名詞和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前。theeast東部playthepiano彈鋼琴【口訣助記】特指雙方都熟悉，上文已經(jīng)被提及。世上無(wú)二僅獨(dú)一，序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)。山河海島建筑物，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂(lè)器。少數(shù)形表人一類，方位名詞須牢記。普構(gòu)專有慣用詞，試用此訣有效率?！镜淅治觥俊纠?】（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一烏市一中?？计谥校㏑ecentlyithasbeennoticed_____anincreasingnumberofstudentsarebringingsmartphonestoschool,_____meansusingsmartphonesreasonablyhasbecome_____unavoidabletopicforusstudents.A．/;that;a B．that;which;an C．/;which;an D．that;which;the【例2】（2023秋·天津南開(kāi)·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Allthechangeswillleadto________betterNo.33HighSchool,________thatcansurpriseandinspireallthealumni.A．a(chǎn),theone B．a(chǎn),one C．the,one D．the,theone【例3】（2023秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈師大附中校考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Iftaxpayersaretobearthecostofforgivingstudentloans,shouldn’ttheyhavesayinhowtheirmoneyisused?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)考點(diǎn)三零冠詞1.不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。Teachersarebadlyneededintheremotedistricts.偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)非常需要教師。2.稱呼語(yǔ)及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不加冠詞。Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，＂AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.＂這所學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)PeterSpence博士告訴我們，這里五分之一的學(xué)生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學(xué)深造。3.月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲前；三餐、球類、慣用語(yǔ)前；學(xué)科、棋類名詞前，用零冠詞。Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring，summer，autumnandwinter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。4.no與such連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在such之前，such后的名詞不用冠詞。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐。5.在turn(變成)作表語(yǔ)的名詞前不用冠詞，但become后的可數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)前要加冠詞。Hebecameadoctorwhilehisbrotherturnedteacher.他成了一名醫(yī)生而他弟弟當(dāng)了教師?！究谠E助記】名詞復(fù)數(shù)泛指人，冠詞用法是個(gè)零。專有、物質(zhì)、抽象名，泛指時(shí)候冠不行。含有day的節(jié)假日，不用冠詞莫忘記。季節(jié)月份星期幾，不用冠詞有道理。三餐飯和打球前，不用冠詞理當(dāng)然。名詞前邊已有代，不用冠詞也無(wú)礙。固定詞組多注意，用與不用小心記。稱呼頭銜不用冠，總共八條切莫亂?！镜淅治觥俊纠?】（2022秋·上海·高二復(fù)旦附中?？计谥校〢lmostallsortsoffruitaresoldby_______weight.Eggsaresoldby_______dozen.A．/...the B．/.../ C．the.../ D．the…the【例2】（2022秋·浙江寧波·高一寧波市北侖中學(xué)?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）Attheendof______16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespeak______

English.A．the;/ B．the;the C．/;the D．/;/【例3】（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱三中?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）________setofspeciallydesignedworkoutexercisethatcombinesmovementsofpopularfunctionalexercise,traditionaltaichiandfolkdanceisgaining________popularityamongstudentsinChina.A．A;the. B．The;a C．A;/ D．The;the1．（2023春·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Amyonlyhadeggandsomemilkforbreakfasttoday.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．不填2．（2022·山西晉中·高二?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Whatdoyouthinkof_______Christmasparty?—Itwasgreat.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．不填 D．a(chǎn)n3．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Iamgoingtomake______specialhouseformypetpigthisweekend.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the4．（2023·山西·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Itis______usefulsuggestion.Ilikeit.A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．the D．a(chǎn)n5．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）InnerMongoliaisoneof______mostbeautifulplacesin______China.A．the;the B．a(chǎn);/ C．a(chǎn);the D．the;/6．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Wouldyouliketotake________walkin________parkaftersupper?A．the;a B．a(chǎn);the C．the;the D．a(chǎn);a7．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Areyoufreeonweekends?—Yes,IamgoingtohavepicniconSunday.A．the;an B．a(chǎn);the: C．a(chǎn);/ D．a(chǎn)n;/8．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）LiHuahas________goodknowledgeofmanyforeignlanguages,andoneofthemisEnglishwhichis________languagespokenbymanypeopleintheworld.A．the;a B．a(chǎn);the C．a(chǎn);a D．the;the9．（2022秋·廣西·高二柳州市第三中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）—Whatwereyoudoingat2o'clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwasplaying________football.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．a(chǎn)n D．/10．（2021·山西·高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）From______topofMountTai,youcanget______wonderfulviewofsunrise.A．a(chǎn);the B．the;a C．a(chǎn);/ D．the;/1．（2023秋·甘肅天水·高二統(tǒng)考期末）After________seriesofunsuccessfulattempts，hehasfinallypassed________drivingtest.A．不填；the B．a(chǎn)；theC．the；a D．不填；a2．（2023秋·安徽淮北·高一淮北市實(shí)驗(yàn)高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谀〣y_____chanceafriendofminecameacrossJayZhouinTaiwan,whohas_____giftformusic.A．a(chǎn),a B．a(chǎn),/ C．the,a D．/,a3．（2023秋·天津和平·高一統(tǒng)考期末）—Whydoyoueatallthevegetablesbutleave____meatuntouched?—I’mon____diet.A．a(chǎn);the B．the;/ C．/;a D．the;a4．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一鐵一中學(xué)校考期末）Therewas_____time_____Iwasaddictedtousingthesmartphone,unwillingtospendtimeonstudy.A．a(chǎn);that B．a(chǎn);when C．the;that D．the;when5．（2023秋·江西吉安·高一江西省泰和中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期末）Ifyouhave_______chanceofstudyingabroadtoresearchaboutthelocalcustomsandculture,Ithinklivingwithahostfamilywillbe_______smartchoice.A．a(chǎn);a B．the;the C．the;a D．a(chǎn);the6．（2023春·江西吉安·高一統(tǒng)考期末）—ItisterriblethatImade____