第01講 冠詞【學(xué)考復(fù)習(xí)】2024年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試考點歸納與測試（江蘇專用）

第01講冠詞目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u 1 1考點一定冠詞 1考點二不定冠詞 3考點三零冠詞 5 7 9考點一定冠詞1.不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。Inauniversity，aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkedalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大學(xué)里，一個歐洲人和一個一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。Anhourago，anhonestmanacceptedanunusualgiftandwenttofinishanhonorabletask.一小時前，一個誠實的人接受了一件非同尋常的禮物，去完成一項光榮的任務(wù)。2.不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The＂ChineseDream＂isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingandadreamofharmony，peaceanddevelopment.＂中國夢＂是一個改善民生的夢，是一個和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢。3.表示某種身份、職業(yè)、地位、國籍。WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn，Mumbetconsultedalawyer，TheodoreSedgewick.當Ashleys一家試圖讓她回來時，Mumbet咨詢了一個叫西奧多·塞奇威克的律師。4.用在人名或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時間；用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人。—Excuseme，isthereaMrTailorlivingintheneighborhood？Thereisaparcelforhim.—Sorry，butthereisnosuchpersonhere.——勞駕，這個居民點住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎？這里有他的包裹?！獙Σ黄?，這兒沒有這么一個人。5.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。Shedidn’tlikethecolorofthetwobagsandaskedforathirdone.她不喜歡這兩個包的顏色，又要了一個。6.表示單位時間內(nèi)的頻度，含有＂每＂的概念。Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.這藥每天吃三次。7.具有動作意義的名詞在與have，take，make等構(gòu)成短語表示一種短暫性的動作時，前面要加不定冠詞。如：takealook看一看；haveatry試一試。Youhadbettergotothefactoryandhavealook.你最好到廠里去看一看。8.不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。如：awasteof浪費……；allofasudden突然地；asarule通常。IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了。【典例分析】【例1】（2022春·安徽合肥·高一?？计谀㏄leaseberemindedthatspeedlimithereisthirtymilesperhour.A．不填 B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．the【例2】（2023春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱三中?？计谀㊣fIhavetomakeachoicebetweenthetwopaintings.Ithinklatterisbetter.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【例3】（2023春·黑龍江鶴崗·高一鶴崗一中校考期末）Thereisnoproofthatithithimonhead.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）考點二不定冠詞1.用在名詞前表示特指?！狣idyouenjoyyourselfyesterday?—Yes，asyouknow，thepartywentoninapleasantatmosphere.——你昨天玩得開心嗎？——是，正如你所知，晚會是在愉快的氣氛中進行的。2.用在世界上獨一無二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物之前。Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?你知道是誰發(fā)明了電話嗎？3.用在序數(shù)詞、比較級(兩者相比較，表示特指的時候)和最高級前。Doyouknowwhichstoryisthemoreinterestingofthetwo？你認為這兩個故事中哪個更有趣？4.用于集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和某些專有名詞前。MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedonthePacificOceanonhiswaytoJavainthethirteenthcentury.(2013·陜西)據(jù)說在十三世紀馬可·波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過太平洋。5.定冠詞the和形容詞、過去分詞連用，表示一類人或事物。Manyoftheinjuredarestillindanger.許多受傷者仍處于危險中。6.用在表示計量的名詞前如bythehour，bythedozen等，但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞如byweight，byheight等?！狪t’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60，000ayear.—Right，hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.——據(jù)說約翰將擁有一份年收入超過60000美元的工作?！堑?，而且會按周獲得報酬。7.定冠詞the用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示全家人或夫妻倆。TheWhitessettleddowninCanadalastyear.去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名詞和西洋樂器名詞前。theeast東部playthepiano彈鋼琴【口訣助記】特指雙方都熟悉，上文已經(jīng)被提及。世上無二僅獨一，序數(shù)詞和最高級。山河海島建筑物，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。少數(shù)形表人一類，方位名詞須牢記。普構(gòu)專有慣用詞，試用此訣有效率?！镜淅治觥俊纠?】（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一烏市一中?？计谥校㏑ecentlyithasbeennoticed_____anincreasingnumberofstudentsarebringingsmartphonestoschool,_____meansusingsmartphonesreasonablyhasbecome_____unavoidabletopicforusstudents.A．/;that;a B．that;which;an C．/;which;an D．that;which;the【例2】（2023秋·天津南開·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Allthechangeswillleadto________betterNo.33HighSchool,________thatcansurpriseandinspireallthealumni.A．a(chǎn),theone B．a(chǎn),one C．the,one D．the,theone【例3】（2023秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈師大附中?？奸_學(xué)考試）Iftaxpayersaretobearthecostofforgivingstudentloans,shouldn’ttheyhavesayinhowtheirmoneyisused?(用適當?shù)脑~填空)考點三零冠詞1.不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。Teachersarebadlyneededintheremotedistricts.偏遠地區(qū)非常需要教師。2.稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時，不加冠詞。Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，＂AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.＂這所學(xué)校的校長PeterSpence博士告訴我們，這里五分之一的學(xué)生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學(xué)深造。3.月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲前；三餐、球類、慣用語前；學(xué)科、棋類名詞前，用零冠詞。Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring，summer，autumnandwinter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。4.no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后的名詞不用冠詞。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.天下沒有免費的午餐。5.在turn(變成)作表語的名詞前不用冠詞，但become后的可數(shù)名詞作表語時前要加冠詞。Hebecameadoctorwhilehisbrotherturnedteacher.他成了一名醫(yī)生而他弟弟當了教師?！究谠E助記】名詞復(fù)數(shù)泛指人，冠詞用法是個零。專有、物質(zhì)、抽象名，泛指時候冠不行。含有day的節(jié)假日，不用冠詞莫忘記。季節(jié)月份星期幾，不用冠詞有道理。三餐飯和打球前，不用冠詞理當然。名詞前邊已有代，不用冠詞也無礙。固定詞組多注意，用與不用小心記。稱呼頭銜不用冠，總共八條切莫亂。【典例分析】【例1】（2022秋·上?！じ叨?fù)旦附中校考期中）Almostallsortsoffruitaresoldby_______weight.Eggsaresoldby_______dozen.A．/...the B．/.../ C．the.../ D．the…the【例2】（2022秋·浙江寧波·高一寧波市北侖中學(xué)?？奸_學(xué)考試）Attheendof______16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespeak______

English.A．the;/ B．the;the C．/;the D．/;/【例3】（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱三中校考開學(xué)考試）________setofspeciallydesignedworkoutexercisethatcombinesmovementsofpopularfunctionalexercise,traditionaltaichiandfolkdanceisgaining________popularityamongstudentsinChina.A．A;the. B．The;a C．A;/ D．The;the1．（2023春·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Amyonlyhadeggandsomemilkforbreakfasttoday.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．不填2．（2022·山西晉中·高二?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Whatdoyouthinkof_______Christmasparty?—Itwasgreat.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．不填 D．a(chǎn)n3．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中學(xué)校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Iamgoingtomake______specialhouseformypetpigthisweekend.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the4．（2023·山西·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Itis______usefulsuggestion.Ilikeit.A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．the D．a(chǎn)n5．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）InnerMongoliaisoneof______mostbeautifulplacesin______China.A．the;the B．a(chǎn);/ C．a(chǎn);the D．the;/6．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Wouldyouliketotake________walkin________parkaftersupper?A．the;a B．a(chǎn);the C．the;the D．a(chǎn);a7．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Areyoufreeonweekends?—Yes,IamgoingtohavepicniconSunday.A．the;an B．a(chǎn);the: C．a(chǎn);/ D．a(chǎn)n;/8．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）LiHuahas________goodknowledgeofmanyforeignlanguages,andoneofthemisEnglishwhichis________languagespokenbymanypeopleintheworld.A．the;a B．a(chǎn);the C．a(chǎn);a D．the;the9．（2022秋·廣西·高二柳州市第三中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）—Whatwereyoudoingat2o'clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwasplaying________football.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．a(chǎn)n D．/10．（2021·山西·高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）From______topofMountTai,youcanget______wonderfulviewofsunrise.A．a(chǎn);the B．the;a C．a(chǎn);/ D．the;/1．（2023秋·甘肅天水·高二統(tǒng)考期末）After________seriesofunsuccessfulattempts，hehasfinallypassed________drivingtest.A．不填；the B．a(chǎn)；theC．the；a D．不填；a2．（2023秋·安徽淮北·高一淮北市實驗高級中學(xué)?？计谀〣y_____chanceafriendofminecameacrossJayZhouinTaiwan,whohas_____giftformusic.A．a(chǎn),a B．a(chǎn),/ C．the,a D．/,a3．（2023秋·天津和平·高一統(tǒng)考期末）—Whydoyoueatallthevegetablesbutleave____meatuntouched?—I’mon____diet.A．a(chǎn);the B．the;/ C．/;a D．the;a4．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一鐵一中學(xué)?？计谀㏕herewas_____time_____Iwasaddictedtousingthesmartphone,unwillingtospendtimeonstudy.A．a(chǎn);that B．a(chǎn);when C．the;that D．the;when5．（2023秋·江西吉安·高一江西省泰和中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期末）Ifyouhave_______chanceofstudyingabroadtoresearchaboutthelocalcustomsandculture,Ithinklivingwithahostfamilywillbe_______smartchoice.A．a(chǎn);a B．the;the C．the;a D．a(chǎn);the6．（2023春·江西吉安·高一統(tǒng)考期末）—ItisterriblethatImade____