直引變間引的訣竅

1、直引變間引的訣竅-語法課專用周一語法班專用！一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：“一隨主。二隨賓，三不變”?！耙浑S主”是指在直引變間引時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She said. My brother wants to go withme. She said herbrother wanted to go with her.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：He said to Kate. How is you

2、r sisternow?He asked Katehow her sister was then。“三不變”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr Smith said。Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith saidJack was a good worker。二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應的調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)在時它需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost

3、 a pen.2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see hisfriend。She said he would go to see hisfriend。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時（2）現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時（3）一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時（4）現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時（5）一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時（6）過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語是客觀真理。The earth moves around the sun

4、andthe moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.The teachertold me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引語是過進時，時態(tài)不變。如：Jack said. John, where were you goingwhen I met you in the street?Jack askedJohn where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引語中有具體的過去某

5、年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April2l, 1980。Xiao Wang said he was born on April20, 1980。直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：He said, I get up at six everymorning。He said he gets up at six everymorning。如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：

6、could, should, would, might）不再變。如：Peter said. You had better come havetoday。Peter said I had better go therethat day。三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)閠he day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this改為that),如：He said, These books are mine.He said those boo

7、ks were his.指示代詞thisthese；thesethose表示時間的詞 nowthen； todaythat day；this week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc)yesterdaythe day before；last week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) before；three days (a year ,etc) agothree days (ayear. etc) before；tomorrowthe next (following )daynext week (month ,etc)the n

8、ext (following) week (month ,etc)表地點的詞；herethere動詞；bringtake； comego四、如何變句型：直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：Shesaid, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus wouldarrive in five minutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, Can you swim,John?He asked Johni

9、f he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I hadfinished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or bybike?He asked meif I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。She asked me, When do they have

10、theirdinner?She asked mewhen they had their dinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) the children notto make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup oftea.直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動句詞（或從句）?！比纾篐e s