2021年中考人教版英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)一　語法專題突破 專題11非謂語動詞

1、,第二篇攻專題 能力提升,一語法專題突破,專題十一非謂語動詞,透析中考,課時(shí)跟蹤訓(xùn)練,考點(diǎn)一 考點(diǎn)二 考點(diǎn)三,2020年迎考特訓(xùn),1不定式的句法功能,第 3 頁,考點(diǎn)一動詞不定式,第 4 頁,2不定式的常用結(jié)構(gòu),第 5 頁,第 6 頁,近幾年遵義中考主要考查省略to的不定式、含不定式的固定搭配及句型、“特殊疑問詞to do”的用法。判定是否選動詞不定式的方法有： 1根據(jù)句法功能判定 如果題空處所要填的成分在句中作主語、賓語、目的狀語等，那么極有可能答案會是動詞不定式。,第 7 頁,2根據(jù)常見搭配和句式來判定 (1)It is/was形容詞of/forsb.to do sth. 在“It is/

2、was形容詞of/forsb.to do sth.”句型中，當(dāng)形容詞表示行為者的性格、品質(zhì)時(shí)，如careful、clever、foolish、kind、nice等，其后用of sb.；如果形容詞表示不定式的動作的性質(zhì)，如easy、difficult、hard、important、interesting、possible、right、wrong等，則其后用for sb.。含of sb.的句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“Sb.be動詞形容詞to do sth.”句式，而含for sb.的句型則不可以。,第 8 頁,【例題】It isnt easy for me _(learn) English well. 【答案

3、】to learn 【解析】此題考查句型“Its形容詞for sb.to do sth.”，其中it作形式主語，代替句子真正的主語，即動詞不定式。,第 9 頁,(2)常見的后跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞(詞組) agree、begin、choose、dare、decide、expect、hate、help、hope、intend、learn、love、manage、need、offer、plan、prefer、promise、refuse、start、want、wish、would like等動詞(詞組)后常接不定式作賓語。(注：help之后的不定式符號to可省略。) 【例題】My two cou

4、sins decide _(start) a business together. 【答案】to start 【解析】句意：我的兩個(gè)表兄弟決定一起創(chuàng)業(yè)。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“決定去做某事”，故填to start。,第 10 頁,(3)常見的后跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(詞組) advise、allow、ask、beg、enable、encourage、expect、find、get、help、invite、order、prefer、teach、tell、want、warn、wish、would like等動詞(詞組)后常用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(注：help

5、后面的to可省略，也可不省略。) 【例題】Our English teacher often advises us _(listen) to more English songs. 【答案】to listen 【解析】advise 后常接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，意為“建議某人做某事”，故填to listen。,第 11 頁,(4)使役動詞和感官動詞后跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 一些使役動詞和感官動詞后可接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。這些動詞有：一感(feel)；二聽(hear，listen to)；三讓(let，make，have)；四看(observe，see，watch，notic

6、e)。注：當(dāng)這類動詞用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式前要加上to(let 除外)。,第 12 頁,【例題】Though he often made his little sister _，today he was made _by his little sister.(cry) 【答案】cry；to cry 【解析】make是使役動詞，其后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但它如果用于被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，則to要加上。由句意“盡管他經(jīng)常把他的小妹妹惹哭，但今天他被他小妹妹惹哭了”可知，狀語從句是主動語態(tài)，主句是被動語態(tài)，故第一個(gè)空填cry，第二個(gè)空填to cry。,第 13 頁,(5)常見的后跟省

7、略to的動詞不定式的固定搭配和句型 在句型Why not.？/Could you please (not).？和短語had better (not)、would rather.than.等后，要用省略to的動詞不定式。 【例題】His uncle would rather _(repair) the old bike than _(buy) a new one. 【答案】repair；buy 【解析】此題考查省略to的不定式。would rather do sth. than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事。,第 14 頁,(6)“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 “特殊疑問詞(who/

8、whom/what/which/when/where/how)不定式” 構(gòu)成的不定式短語在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等。常接“特殊疑問詞不定式”作賓語的動詞(詞組)有know、show、teach、tell、find out、learn、forget 等。,第 15 頁,【例題】I was once a fat girl.I weighed 100 kilos and looked as big as my fridge.I have never been_(1)_ it.But one day I had a medical examination.The doctor told me tha

9、t I was having heart trouble.It woke me up.I began to feel worried.Then I asked my doctor _(2)_ (1)A.excited aboutBworried about Cproud ofDhappy with 【答案】B,第 16 頁,(2)A.how to doBwhen to do it Cwhat to doDwhy to do 【答案】C 【解析】why一般不與不定式連用，首先排除D項(xiàng)。how to do的do后缺賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，故排除A項(xiàng)。結(jié)合語境可知，體檢過后，“我”開始擔(dān)心“我”的體重，然

10、后詢問醫(yī)生怎么辦，而不是什么時(shí)候做，故選C。,第 17 頁,(7)動詞不定式作定語的用法 不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞，且與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間為動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞后面應(yīng)接相應(yīng)的介詞。 【例題】Joining a summer camp is a great chance _ (spend) free time with your friends. 【答案】to spend 【解析】a chance to do sth.一次做某事的機(jī)會。此處用動詞不定式短語作后置定語修飾chance。,第 18 頁,第 19 頁,考點(diǎn)二動詞ing形式,動詞in

11、g形式的句法動能,第 20 頁,常見的后接動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)：喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)；盼望 (look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish)；想要 (feel like)避免 (avoid)去練習(xí) (practice)；忍俊不禁(cant help)還介意 (mind)。,第 21 頁,判定是否選動詞ing形式的方法有： 1如果題空處所要填的成分在句中作主語、賓語等，答案可能選動詞ing形式。但是，由于動詞不定式也可以作主語、賓語等，所以還要結(jié)合固定搭配或句式來綜合判斷，從而選出正確答案。 (1)常見的后跟動詞in

12、g形式作賓語的動詞(短語) advise、avoid、consider、enjoy、finish、keep、mind、miss、practice、suggest等動詞以及 be busy、be worth、cant help、feel like、give up、have fun、have trouble/problems/difficulty (in)、spend .(in)、stop.(from)等短語后常用動詞ing形式作賓語。,第 22 頁,【例題】The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid _ (driv

13、e) in the center of the city. 【答案】driving 【解析】avoid doing sth.是固定短語，意為“避免做某事”，故填driving。,第 23 頁,(2)在一些以介詞結(jié)尾的動詞短語或固定句型中，介詞后只能跟動詞ing形式作賓語 在What about.？/How about.？/Thank you for./Thanks for.等句型和be good at、be interested in、look forward to、make a contribution to、be/get used to、pay attention to、succeed i

14、n等短語中，介詞后只能接動詞ing形式作賓語。 【例題】Ive made such great progress.Thanks for _(help) me with my English. 【答案】helping 【解析】此題考查介詞后跟動詞ing形式的用法。Thanks for doing sth.感謝做某事。,第 24 頁,(3)有些動詞(詞組)后既可跟動詞不定式也可跟動詞ing形式作賓語，但意義不一樣 like、stop、forget、remember、try、continue、regret、go on等動詞(詞組)后可以接動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語。,第 25 頁,第 26 頁

15、,【例題1】We have worked so long.Shall we stop _(have) a rest? 【答案】to have 【解析】句意：我們已經(jīng)工作很長時(shí)間了。我們停下來休息一下好嗎？stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事，不定式作賓語，符合題意。stop doing sth.停下正在做的事。,第 27 頁,C,【例題2】Please stop _(study) and go out for a walk. Remember _(wear) warm clothes. 【答案】studying；to wear 【解析】由go out for a walk可知，是讓

16、對方“停止學(xué)習(xí)”，故第一空填動名詞studying?！按┡偷囊路边@個(gè)動作還沒發(fā)生，故第二空填動詞不定式to wear。,第 28 頁,(4)感官動詞后跟省略to的動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的意義不同 see、watch、notice、hear、feel等感官動詞之后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接動詞ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。 【例題】I heard Tom _(sing) when I walked past his room yesterday. 【答案】singing 【解析】由題空后“when I walked past his r

17、oom yesterday”可知，應(yīng)該是聽到湯姆正在唱歌，故填singing。,第 29 頁,2如果所填成分作定語且它表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，同時(shí)被修飾詞與它又是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，那么答案很可能選現(xiàn)在分詞。如果所填成分作伴隨狀語，且表主動時(shí)，也選現(xiàn)在分詞。Do you know the boy standing under the tree？你認(rèn)識正站在樹下的那個(gè)男孩嗎？She sat there, sobbing loudly.她坐在那里，嗚嗚地哭著。,第 30 頁,第 31 頁,考點(diǎn)三過去分詞,如果所填成分作后置定語，同時(shí)它與被修飾詞又是動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，那么答案很可能選過去分詞。如果所填成分作伴隨狀語，

18、且表被動時(shí)，也選過去分詞。 【例題】The concert _(give)by Professor White was a great success. 【答案】given 【解析】give與concert之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且此處不缺謂語動詞，所以判斷空格處作concert的后置定語，表被動，故填given。,第 32 頁,一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1I am happy to know that you will come to Mianyang and Im looking forward to _ (meet) you at the airport. 2Lets stop _

19、(eat) unhealthily，and we can make a better life. 3Would you mind _(turn)down the music？The baby is sleeping. 4It is reported that it would take a person 21 days _(get) into a good habit.,第 33 頁,meeting,eating,turning,to get,5Youd better have your bike _(mend) at once.After all, you will ride it to t

20、he school tomorrow. 6The lights in the classroom are still on. Someone must have forgot _ (turn) them off. 7“Cant you read？”the officer said angrily _(point) to the notice. 8The policeman warned the young man _(drive) after drinking. 9The students are busy _(get) ready for the exam now. 10The teache

21、r asked the students to close the windows _(stop) the wind from blowing the papers away.,第 34 頁,mended,to turn,pointing,not to drive,getting,to stop,二、短文改錯，文中共有10處語言錯誤。 Today is my first day in junior high school.I cant help to crying, but the end of it is the beginning of a new life.Maybe the lesso

22、ns will be even harder for me learn.I may have many difficult tasks, but I will never give up try.I am not afraid to making mistakes along the ways.Because I can learn many things from those mistake.I used to being a shy person.I really need to talks with other more people in senior high school.I ca

23、n share many good old memories from them.Even though I am sad that junior high is over, I look forward to have wonder experiences in senior high.,第 35 頁,一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1(2018江蘇鹽城)All of us should look straight ahead and keep _ (run) 2(2019廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)改編)Every time I want to give up，my parents always

24、encourage me _(keep) trying. 3(吉林長春)Mum，have you finished _ (cook)? Is there anything I can do for you? 4(江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)The boys uncle is good at _(train) dogs.His dogs can do wonderful tricks.,第 36 頁,running,to keep,cooking,training,5(江蘇常州)Mr.Green hates _ (travel) by air.He always falls asleep during the f

25、light. 6(江蘇宿遷)We all know you are smart，but youd better _ (not show) off. 7(江蘇無錫)When night came，they put up a tent _ (keep) warm. 8(山東煙臺)Please promise _ (not tell) lies any more，will you? 9(貴州安順)Its too hard for me to learn it.Can you show me how _ (throw) the ball? 10(江蘇無錫)You cant imagine what d

26、ifficulty I had _ (express) myself clearly at the beginning.,第 37 頁,traveling/to travel,not show,to keep,not to tell,to throw,expressing,11Citizens can enjoy _(read) thousands of volumes of electronic books online with the first “WeChat library” in Jianye Library，Nanjing. 12(江蘇鹽城)Nothing would preve

27、nt UNICEF，an international charity，_ (raise) the living standards of the children in poor areas. 13(2019湖南常德)I dont want _(be) fat. 14Would you mind _ (take) out the trash，Jerry? 15(2019浙江湖州)I happened to know that my grandpa used to _ (collect) tea sets.,第 38 頁,reading,raising,to be,taking,collect,二、英漢互譯。 1我認(rèn)為在公共場所制造噪音是不禮貌的。 I think it (is) impolite to make noise in public. 2簡的父母總是鼓勵她說出她的觀點(diǎn)。 Janes parents always encourage her to speak out her opinions. 3. 我爺爺過去常常在早晨散步。 My grandpa used to take a walk in the morning.,第 39 頁,4No matt