語(yǔ)法-11-名詞性從句

1、 句子成分除了可由短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)外，還可以是句子成分除了可由短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)外，還可以是分句。分句。 在句子中充當(dāng)一定成分的分句稱為在句子中充當(dāng)一定成分的分句稱為從句從句，由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)；而從句所依附的分句稱由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)；而從句所依附的分句稱為為主句主句。 含有從句的句子稱為含有從句的句子稱為主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句。從句可。從句可分為：分為：名詞從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句。名詞從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句。句句子子簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句名詞性從句名詞性從句形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句）形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句）副詞性從句副詞性從句 （狀語(yǔ)從句）（狀語(yǔ)從句） 名詞性從句 noun clause 主語(yǔ)從句sub

2、ject clause 賓語(yǔ)從句object clause 表語(yǔ)從句predicative clause 同位語(yǔ)從句appositive clause在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 。 P183請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole

3、the car.( (主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句) )( (賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句) )( (表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句) )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )(定從) 引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連詞引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連詞1.連接連詞連接連詞 ：that、if、whether、as if、as though無(wú)意義無(wú)意義2. 連接代詞連接代詞 ：who、whoever、 whom、whomever、whose、 what、whatever、which、whichever3. 連接副詞：連接副詞： when、 whenever、where、wherever、why、how、however“是否是否”“好像、好像、似乎似乎”表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句N

4、ote：連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又：連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分 。P184 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：連接詞：that, whether, if連接代詞：連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞：連接副詞：when, where, how, why注意：注意：1.that的用法的用法只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身只起連接主句和從句的作

5、用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義，也沒有詞義，中可省略中可省略不充當(dāng)介不充當(dāng)介引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、和同位語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,that不可省略。不可省略。2. Whether和和if ： 在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但是在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但是本身有意義，本身有意義，不可不可省略。省略。 if 只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和不放句首的主語(yǔ)從句。只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和不放句首的主語(yǔ)從句。whether 可放句首，可做介賓，可接不定式；可放句首，可做介賓，可接不定式；if 不可。不可。 whether 2. Whether和和if ： 在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但是本身有意在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但是本

6、身有意義，不可省略。義，不可省略。if 只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和不放句首的主語(yǔ)從句。只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和不放句首的主語(yǔ)從句。下列情況只能用下列情況只能用whether，而不能用，而不能用if。 whether引導(dǎo)的從句可以與連詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以與連詞or或或or not直接連用直接連用, 而而if一般不能。一般不能。 Let me know whether you can come or not. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用引導(dǎo)，而不能用if。 Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. whether可以引導(dǎo)帶可

7、以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，的不定式，if則不能。則不能。I dont know whether to accept or refuse. whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但但if不能。不能。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether可以引導(dǎo)從句，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)，而可以引導(dǎo)從句，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)，而if不不能能。Whether he would come is uncertain. His first question was whether Tom had a

8、rrived yet. We must consider the question whether we will take these measures. 1. 介詞后的連詞介詞后的連詞 ;2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 不可省略的連詞不可省略的連詞主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的從句。通常放在主句主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的從句。通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或

9、由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。 主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞有主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞有:連詞：連詞：that, whether, if; 代詞：代詞：who(ever), what(ever) , which(ever), whom(ever)；副詞：副詞：when(ever) ,where(ever), how(ever), why等等.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句P1851. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whether he will go there is not known .3. What he said is not true .4. Wher

10、e he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome. 請(qǐng)思考？請(qǐng)思考？ It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒有變化。衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒有變化。That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not ye

11、t fixed when he will go to America.)1.It + be + 形容詞 that從句It is necessary /It is necessary / important/ obviousimportant/ obvious thatthat2.It + be + -ed分詞 that從句It is believed that 人們相信It is known to us all that . 眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定3.It + be + 名詞 that從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)

12、It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是4.It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起 what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，而句子成分，如主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，而that 則則不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is

13、 right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat what 與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別Note：在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do(動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形)”，常用的常用的句型有：句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, pity, etc.)

14、that It is a pity that she should think so. 很遺憾，她竟然這樣想。很遺憾，她竟然這樣想。It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that It is suggested that each of them should write an article.名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞問(wèn)題名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞問(wèn)題問(wèn)題問(wèn)題1： Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ i

15、t was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that A A前句考查的是 that 與 what 的區(qū)別。that 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，而 what 可在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。前句的表語(yǔ)從句中還缺少表語(yǔ)，故只能用 what。后句是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 20 years ago，所以須用 when。問(wèn)題問(wèn)題2： _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. W

16、hoever D. WhoC C whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于 anyone who；who 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)表示帶有疑問(wèn)的“誰(shuí)”。根據(jù)該題的意思不難作出選擇。選項(xiàng)A, B后都缺少了 who，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的 who 是不能省略的。 同時(shí)還需要注意 whoever 與 no matter who; whatever 與 no matter what 等的區(qū)別。wh-ever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，而 no matter wh- 只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。問(wèn)題問(wèn)題3：1) I was surprised by her words, which made me

17、recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 2) Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. howC. such D. so A AB B what 與 how 引導(dǎo)感嘆句時(shí)，what 后加名詞，how 后加形容詞和副詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：What + (a) + (adj.) + n. 但要注意在 what 后不能加表示數(shù)量的 many; much; fe

18、w; little 等詞。 How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名詞只能為單數(shù)名詞。題1中是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只能用 what；題2中的正常語(yǔ)序是 education is important to their ，所以選B。 2、名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題、名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題問(wèn)題：?jiǎn)栴}：1、Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were 2、 Hurry up! A

19、lice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone C CD D當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，名詞性從句中的動(dòng)作根據(jù)所發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)定，可以有各種時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)作一般都要使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，除非表示客觀真理。3、名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題、名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題問(wèn)題問(wèn)題1： 1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. w

20、ho is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2、 The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like D DB B名詞性從句中都用陳述語(yǔ)序，不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。題1中的干擾項(xiàng)是B，對(duì)想要知道的人提問(wèn)或應(yīng)答都用 it 而不用人稱代詞 he, I , you 等。題2只要注意是介詞賓語(yǔ)

21、就行了。1).主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前即主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后謂語(yǔ)在后. 例例: 誤誤: When will he come is not known.2).連接詞連接詞that在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略但不能省略. 例例: 誤誤: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正正: When he will come is not known.正正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 主

22、語(yǔ)從句中語(yǔ)序與主語(yǔ)從句中語(yǔ)序與that的省略：的省略：注意注意 主語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：3).主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體, 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式數(shù)形式.That they will come _certain.4). What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis 1_in the regulations that you s

23、hould not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires 2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circli

24、ng the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A .where B .what C .that D. how Exercises補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句和賓補(bǔ)從句補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句和賓補(bǔ)從句補(bǔ)語(yǔ)這里主要指主補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句位于聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞之補(bǔ)語(yǔ)這里主要指主補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句位于聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞之后：后：“主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句”?？山颖碚Z(yǔ)從句?？山颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用等。另外，常用的還有的還有the reason is that 和和It is becau

25、se 等結(jié)構(gòu)。等結(jié)構(gòu)。引導(dǎo)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一引導(dǎo)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣。注意樣。注意 as if / though 可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。P186She looks as if she is ill.(表語(yǔ)從句)They talked as if they were old friends.(狀語(yǔ)從句-方式狀語(yǔ))As if /as though 用法 The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. This is _ we cant get

26、the support of the people. But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. My parents have made me I am today.（賓補(bǔ)從句）（賓補(bǔ)從句）whether/howwhythatwhythatwhatNote：在在that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中，如主句的主語(yǔ)為引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中，如主句的主語(yǔ)為command, demand, order, idea, sug

27、gestion等表示等表示要求、建議要求、建議的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do (動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形)” ： Her idea is that you should stick to your plan.她的意見是你要堅(jiān)持按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。她的意見是你要堅(jiān)持按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。Translation問(wèn)題是我們是否可以信任他。問(wèn)題是我們是否可以信任他。我建議買臺(tái)大電腦。我建議買臺(tái)大電腦。他看起來(lái)要哭了。他看起來(lái)要哭了。The question isMy suggestion is He looked whether we can rely on him.as

28、 if he was going to cry.that we( should)buy a big computer.請(qǐng)思考？請(qǐng)思考？1) 表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.2) 表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略但不能省略.3) 表語(yǔ)從句只能用表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).4)需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用用that引導(dǎo)而不是引導(dǎo)而不是because。應(yīng)使用。應(yīng)使用The reason is that 或或 This / it /that/ is be

29、cause等句型等句型. 表語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)表語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)注意注意今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂嘟裉煸缟纤t到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或或:He was late this morning. That was

30、 because there was a lot of traffic on the road. 表語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)表語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)注意注意賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂賓語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞相同。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞相同。 She did not know what had happened. (作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) Our success depends upon how well we can cooperat

31、e with one another. (作介詞的賓語(yǔ)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)) I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. (作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)作形容詞的賓語(yǔ))P187 it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾，從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。 We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. We think it our duty that we should help ot

32、hers. I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.Exercises 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. t

33、hat Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. themABBC 在在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、建議、要求、命令、建議、決定決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ do(動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形)”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The

34、 commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. Note：1、當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自、當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied Eng

35、lish since 1998. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”2、當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（、當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；去將來(lái)時(shí)等； 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America He told me he was preparing for

36、 the examination. The teacher told us light travels in a straight line.賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句中的 “否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移” 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為: think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。I dont think he w

37、ill come here. I dont think the dress fits you well。1. I wondered _ you were so angry.2. It all depends on _ they will support us .3. I cant imagine _made him act like that.4 . Im delighted _I have passed the exam.5. I find it necessary _ we should do the homework.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空why whether what

38、that that請(qǐng)思考？請(qǐng)思考？1) 賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。2) whether和和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但但: (1) 當(dāng)當(dāng)whether后緊跟后緊跟or not時(shí)時(shí), 不用不用if; 例例: I dont know _I will stay or not. (2) 介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if . 例例: I worry about _ I hurt her feeling. 賓語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)賓語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)注意注意whetherwhether3) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that也無(wú)實(shí)際意義也無(wú)

39、實(shí)際意義,多數(shù)情況下多數(shù)情況下可以省略。但部分情況不可省略?？梢允÷?。但部分情況不可省略。 (1).在主在主+謂謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)+that從句中從句中 (真正賓語(yǔ)真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不省略：的句型中不省略：We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由連詞由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中, that 不省略不省略.He told me that he would come and that he would come on time. 賓語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)賓語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)注

40、意注意同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞同位語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，一般放在名詞之后，用以說(shuō)明或解釋前性從句，一般放在名詞之后，用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞?？山油徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞通常是面的名詞?？山油徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞通常是概括性、概括性、抽象名詞，少為復(fù)數(shù)，且通常帶冠詞抽象名詞，少為復(fù)數(shù)，且通常帶冠詞，常見者有：，常見者有：fact , news , idea , promise, thought , answer, hope, demand, doubt, decision, explanation, suggestion, order, prob

41、lem, question, remark, reply, report, belief, truth, wish等。等。P188同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞一般由一般由that( (不能省略不能省略) )引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)；少數(shù)情況下也可用少數(shù)情況下也可用whether, how , when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。 The fact that he was killed made us surprised. I have no idea when he will be back. We heard the news that our team had won. Can you f

42、ind the answer to the question what was wrong with the computer? He made a suggestion that we (should) read some original English literature works. 在在that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中，如所說(shuō)明的是引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中，如所說(shuō)明的是demand，order，suggestion等表示等表示要求、要求、命令、建議命令、建議等意義的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用等意義的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should）+ do(動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形)”。They received the su

43、ggestion that the work (should) be redone.Note：1) 同位語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。同位語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。2) 由除由除that外的其他引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，外的其他引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， 從句前常有介詞從句前常有介詞of。We have no idea of what he suffered in those days.Do you have any idea of why they are so interested in our affairs? 同位語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)同位語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)注意注意 (1) 定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)從句中的tha

44、t既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的，而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。何成分。 (2) 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行具體內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行具體內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。說(shuō)明。同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

45、e.g. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)） The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分）同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句that（連

46、詞）連詞）只起連接的只起連接的作用作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分不充當(dāng)句子成分that(關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞) 充當(dāng)一定的充當(dāng)一定的句子成分句子成分(主，賓，表）主，賓，表）同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，表示這詞是同位關(guān)系，表示這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾作定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，表示用，表示“的的”。同位語(yǔ)從句的同位語(yǔ)從句的that 一般一般不能省不能省而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)其在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)其在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常?？梢允÷詴r(shí)，常?？梢允÷訲hat在同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（I）試比較下面兩個(gè)

47、例句）試比較下面兩個(gè)例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ), 可以省略）可以省略） （that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不擔(dān)在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，但不可以省略）當(dāng)任何成分，但不可以省略） 同位語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)易判斷方法同位語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)易判斷方法 我們可以在名詞和從句之間加我們可以在名詞和從句之間

48、加be,使之構(gòu)成使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則是同位語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表則是同位語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的。結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的。 The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat.1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to m

49、any.判斷：定語(yǔ)從句判斷：定語(yǔ)從句 / / 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.5. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定

50、語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _ we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問(wèn)意義不含有疑問(wèn)意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;而而_等引導(dǎo)的

51、名詞性從句都等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問(wèn)意義含有疑問(wèn)意義。Whoever, whateverWho, what what & whateverwho & whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 which & whichever 歸納歸納P190that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中不做任何成分，也沒有具體的意不做任何成分，也沒有具體的意義義。其他連接詞在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)都做相應(yīng)的成分并有具體的意思。其他連接詞在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)都做相應(yīng)的成分并有具體的意思。 That they are good at English is known to us all.The pro

52、blem is that we dont have enough moneyShe expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.Note：that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，位于句首時(shí)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，位于句首時(shí)that不可省略，用不可省略，用it代代替主語(yǔ)從句做形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)替主語(yǔ)從句做形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)that可省略?？墒÷?。 It is quite true (that) he is still alive.名詞從句中名詞從句中that不能省略的情況不能省略的情況1.) 主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用t

53、hat但不能省略。但不能省略。 2). It 做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句：做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句：I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly. 3). 并列賓語(yǔ)從句中，從第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句開始都不可省略并列賓語(yǔ)從句中，從第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句開始都不可省略He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.4). 當(dāng)當(dāng)that賓語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句前部時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句前部時(shí)，Tell him that if he c

54、omes tomorrow, please call me.5). 當(dāng)當(dāng)that 前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Tom didnt know, Im sure, that his sister was going to Japan.6). 當(dāng)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。不可省掉。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 名詞從句中名詞從句中that不能省略的情況不能省略的情況that/ (that) exercises1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It i

55、s a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatwhat與與that 在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)

56、的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 What he said makes me happy. That a new teacher will come is true . that 只起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)只起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分任何成分, 且在賓語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可省。且在賓語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可省。 what 既既起起連接作用連接作用, 又在從句中作主語(yǔ)又在從句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) (且在名詞性從句中只有且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語(yǔ)）可作表語(yǔ)）1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting mad

57、e us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. 3. 中國(guó)不再是過(guò)去的樣子了。中國(guó)不再是過(guò)去的樣子了。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatChina is no longer _ it used to be .whatwhatwhether與與if的辨用的辨用 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomo

58、rrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether / ifwhetherwhether 5. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 6. _ they can do it matters little to us. 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.whether與與if的辨用的辨用whetherWhetherIf

59、請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納a. a. 主語(yǔ)從句并在句首主語(yǔ)從句并在句首b. b. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句c. c. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句e. e. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句f. f. 直接加動(dòng)詞不定式只能用直接加動(dòng)詞不定式只能用whether（to do）g g whether or not 直接連用時(shí)不用直接連用時(shí)不用if只能使用只能使用whether 的情況：的情況：請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納1. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C.Whether D. That 2.

60、_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where考題選萃考題選萃that 表肯定意義表肯定意義whether表疑問(wèn)表疑問(wèn)There is no doubt_ he will win the first place .that其它連接代詞和副詞的連用其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的正確的選擇選擇who、 which、 when、 where、 why、 how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問(wèn)含義，等連接詞，這些連接詞既