初三英語語法代詞精講-鐘天映老師

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。 一對一個性化學(xué)案教師：鐘天映 學(xué)生： 年級： 初三 科目： 英語 日期: 年 月 時間： 代詞代詞：用來代替名詞、名詞短語或句子的詞稱為代詞。分為：一、人稱代詞： 注意：1 人稱代詞不僅僅指人，也可以指事或物。2 人稱代詞主格單數(shù)he, she和it的復(fù)數(shù)，都是they，賓格形式也相同，為them。3 第三人稱的人稱代詞分陽性he（him），陰性she（her）和中性it（it），復(fù)數(shù)只有一個形式they（them），不分性別。選用什么人稱代詞，取決于所要代替的名詞。在數(shù)和性上要與所代替的名詞保持一致。二、物主代詞： （1）形容詞性物主代詞具有

2、形容詞的特性，在句中用作定語，后面必須接名詞。This is my bag.這是我的書包。（2）名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特性，后面不能再跟名詞。它相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”。在句中可作主語、賓語或表語。Whose bike is this？這是誰的自行車？It's mine.是我的。（minemy bike）三、反身代詞：反身代詞就是代指某人自己，用于所強調(diào)的動作與動作執(zhí)行者的關(guān)系，強調(diào)主語或賓語為同一人或物，單數(shù)以­self結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)以­selves結(jié)尾。 例如：My father taught himself Japanese.Please help you

3、rselves to some fruit, everyone.The twelve-year-old boy can take care of himself.Dont think too much of yourself.She taught Thomas Edison herself.The detective story itself is worth reading. Li Ming, I want to ask for leave. Youd better ask the teacher herself / himself. Who is the man? It was Mr. Y

4、ang himself.Im not quite myself today. 今天我感到不舒服。四、指示代詞this 這； that 那； these 這些； those 那些； such 如此的； same 同樣的注意：such “這樣”，such a 這樣一個，such as 像這樣的例如：1） That is our English teacher. （主語）2） This storybook is thicker than that one. (定語)3） I prefer this (these) to that (those). （賓語）4） What he like best i

5、s this/that? (表語)5） I have never read such an excited book. （定語）6） I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定語)7） Such is our trip plan. (主語) （指上文提到過或剛說過的內(nèi)容）。8） She wants the book and I want the same. (賓語)9） We were born on the same day. (定語)注意：1） this、 these 指空間上離說話人較近的人或物，可以與 here 連用；也指下文將要

6、提到的事。2） that、 those 指空間上離說話人 較遠的人或物，可以與 there 連用；也指剛剛提到過的事。3） 打電話或其他場合，看得到的一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。打電話時用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方。This is Sally speaking.Is that Linda?我是薩莉，你是琳達嗎？4） that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；若前面提到的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用those代替。The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing i

7、n winter. 冬天廣州的天氣比北京的暖和得多。The pears on this tree are bigger than those on that one. 這棵樹上的梨比那棵樹上的大。5）6）7）8）9）10）11） such 作定語時，如名詞前有不定冠詞，則用 such a/an + 名詞。12） 在 same 之前必須加冠詞 the.。五、疑問代詞 例如：Who invited you to dinner? Whose is the best?Whats in the bag? Which of them will win the prize?Whom did you meet

8、 on your way home? What is she doing?Which do you want, the red one or the blue one?Whom are you waiting for?From whom should we learn? What are you talking about?Who are those women? What are you?Whose is the new bike?Which class are you in? Whose report is this?What subjects do you study?注意：1Who 用

9、于詢問別人姓名，身份或關(guān)系。What 用于詢問別人職業(yè)。2Which 指的物有范圍限制，側(cè)重于哪一個；What 指的物無范圍限制，側(cè)重于種類。3Whose 用于明確所有者，Whom 在口語中，whom 多為 who 代替。六、不定代詞：代替不確定不具體的名詞的代詞。不定代詞詞義復(fù)合形式說 明some一些（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）something 某物、某事someone 某人somebody 某人一般用于肯定句any一些，任何（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）anything 任何事物anyone 任何人=anybody 多用于否定句，疑問句或條件狀語從句中no沒有，無nothing 無物nobody 無人no one

10、 無一人修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)合形式只具有名詞的作用every每個，所有的everything 每一個事物，一切everyone 每人=everybody 強調(diào)共性，詞義和 all 相近all全體、所有的 代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞時，指兩個以上的人或物，也可代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。each每個 強調(diào)個性，指兩個或兩個以上的人或物。few很少（可數(shù)） 表示否定a few一些，幾個（可） 表示否定little很少（不可數(shù)） 表示否定a little一些（不可數(shù)） 表示否定many很多（可數(shù)） _much很多（不可數(shù)） _both兩個，兩者都 僅指兩個人或物neither沒有人或物 僅指兩個人或物none

11、沒有人或物 指兩個以上的人或物，當(dāng)指可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可以。either每個 強調(diào)個性，指兩個或兩個以上的人或物。other(s)另一個(些) _another另一個，又一個 相當(dāng)于 an otherone一個(人或物) one 的復(fù)數(shù)形式是 ones注意：1上述不定代詞中，every, no是形容詞性不定代詞，在句中只作定語；而none和由every，some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞是名詞性不定代詞；其他所有的不定代詞既是形容詞性又是名詞性的。2不定代詞作主語時，要明確這一不定代詞究竟是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，以確定它和謂語動詞在人和數(shù)的一致。3不定代詞作定語時，應(yīng)該注意其所修飾

12、的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，以確定這個名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。4幾組重要的不定代詞： every, each: 都有“每一個”的意思，但each 可指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，而every 只能指三個或三個以上的人或物。every 是形容詞,只能作定語，而each可以作代詞和形容詞, 因此既可作定語，也可作主語或同位語。each 作主語的同位語時，主語和謂語動詞均為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Each of us has got a new book. Every student is doing his best at school. both, all: both指兩者“都”，能修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，both of能與帶

13、冠詞、物主代詞或指示代詞的名詞連用，也可跟人稱代詞的賓格形式；all指三者或三者以上“都”，all和all of都可用于復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前。All用作不定代詞時，其后常跟由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這時all that可寫成what，值得注意的是：both, all用于否定句時，只是部分否定，意為“并不都”, “不都是”。all指物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，在語法上是單數(shù)，而在概念上是復(fù)數(shù)。指人時，一般作復(fù)數(shù)。如All is not gold that glitters. All are here. some, any: some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句或疑問句中。但在表示請

14、求、建議、反問的疑問句里，則用some。而any用作“任何”解釋時，可用于肯定句或條件從句中。如：Would you like some coffee or some tea?If you have questions, you can come any time. another指“又一個（些）”或“另外一個（些）”，如another apple, another five people等；other指“其他的”，其后常跟名詞，如other students, other rooms等；the other指兩者中的“另一個”或“另一方面”，如She has two daughters, on

15、e is a nurse, the other is a teacher.；others指“他人”或“他物”（不一定是其余的全部），如After class, some students are playing chess, some are singing, others are playing basketball on the playground.；the others指（除前面提到的以外的全部），如There are fifty students inour class, twenty of us are from the city, two of us are from Dafen

16、g, the others are from the countryside.one, the other, another, others和the other的用法區(qū)別:總共只有兩個人或兩樣?xùn)|西時，其中的一個是one，另一個是the other。如：I have two uncles, one is a teacher, the other is an engineer.總共有兩個以上的人或事物，其中的第一個為one，其他的兩個或兩個以上為the others。如：There are only ten boy students in Class One. The others are gir

17、l students. neither, none: neither表示“兩者都不”（與both相反），none表示“三者或三者以上都不”（與all相反），它們都是全部否定的句子。 (a) few, (a) little: (a) few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞，（a）little修飾不可數(shù)名詞； few和little表否定意義，a few和a little表肯定意義。它們都能與副詞quite, only連用，構(gòu)成quite a few, quite a little（很多）和only a few, only a little(很少)。 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1. We should learn to get o

18、n well with Aothers B. other C. the other D. the others2. Would you like some coffee? Yes, just Aa littleB. little C. a few D. few3. of the students passed the examThey all failed A. Neither B. None C. Both D. All4. Let Lin Tao do it by , He is no longer a kidA. him B. his C. himself D. he5. leaves

19、the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who綜合訓(xùn)練PART ( )1.I can't repair the model ship_. Can you help_ ?A.me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself( )2.The book on the shelf is _. She wrote _name on its cover_ .A.Hers; her; herself B.Her;

20、 hers; herself C.Herself; her; hers D.Her; herself; herself( )3. _ Li Ping's brother. A. Her B. His C. He's D. She's( ) 4.Let _have a meeting . A. me B. you C. us D. me( ) 5.We find _difficult to deal with this problem. A.that B.it C.this D.us( )6.The Wright brothers made the flyer all b

21、y_. A.they B.theirs C.them D.themselves( )7.Mr brown taught _physics last term. A.we B. us C.our D. ours( )8.Im old enough to wash_clothes by myself. You can also wash _ A. my , your B. mine , your C. my, yours D. your, my ( )9. John never shows_his homework. A.their B.them C. they D.thiers( )10. Wh

22、ere does your grandma live? She lives with_. A.us B.we C.my D.you( )11. My mother often helps _ with _ maths. A. me, my B. mine, me C. I, my D. myself, me( )12.This isnt _skirt. Its _. A.my, hers B.mine, her C.my, her D.mine, hers( )13.Can he keep _promise? A. ones B.his C. their D.your( )14.Marys c

23、omputer is as new as_. A.I B.me C.mine D.myself( )15.It cant be Bettys schoolbag._is a blue one. A.Shes B.Its C.His D.Hers( )16.Jack, this is Alice, a friend of _. A.him B.yours C.her D.mine( )17._is wonderful to have a swim in such hot weather. A.This B.He C.It D.She( )18.Helen had a trip to Hawaii

24、. She really enjoyed _there. A.her B.herself C.she D.hers( )19.Mr.Liu teaches _English, we all like_lessons very much. A.us , him B.us, his C.our, him D.our, his( )20.You can not finish the work _. Let _ help you.A. youself, me B. yourself, mine C. youselves, me D. yourself, mePART ( )1. _of the two

25、 engineers shows great interest in talking about online-games. A.all B.neither C.both D.none ( )2.There isn't_in today's newspaper.    A. anything interesting B. something interesting C. nothing interesting D. interesting anything  ( )3.There is _ with your watch. It gets

26、 slower every day. A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong something D. wrong nothing( )4. _ Kathy _ Alice _ at home last Sunday. A. Neither. nor were B. Both. and was C. Either. or. was D. Not only but also were ( )5. May I have _ cup of tea? A. the other B. other C. another D. some( )6.-_skir

27、t do you prefer? The white one.A.What B.Which C.Whose D.How ( )7.There are many new highrises on_side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view!A.either B.both C.neither D.all( )8.We should help_when they are in trouble. A.others B. the others C. other D. the other( )9.The two fishermen saw _ in the

28、sky while they were fishing by a river. A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything( )10.Peter, show me your _hand. Whats in it? A.other B.the other C.another D. the others( )11. The days in winter are shorter than _ in summer. A. those B. that C. these D. them(

29、 )12.In the exam, the more careful you are , the _mistakes youll make. A.little B.fewer C.less D.few( )13._of my parents went to the theatre because _of them were too busy to go. A.All, none B.Both, neither C.None, all D.Neither, both( )14.I have three pencil-boxes. One is made of plastic, _are made

30、 of wood. A.others B. the other two C. another two D. the other( ）15.Im getting fatter and fatter. What should I do? Youd better eat _food and take _exercise.A.less,less B.more, more C.more, less D.less, more( )16.Toms Chinese is better than _in his class. A.any boy B.any of the others C.that of any

31、 boy D.any other boys( )17. Ive got four different answers to the questions, but_of them is correct.A.all B.neither C.both D.none( )18.I havent bought the shoes, because I like _the style _the colour. A.both, and B.either, or C.neither, nor D.not only, but also( )19.-Shall we have_beer? -Sure, but o

32、nly_ Aany a little B. a few a little C. little a few D. some, a little ( )20. -“Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her _to eat.” - “Good idea!”    A. anything nice B.nice anything C. something nice D. nice something( )21.Since you have got only one ticket, _you_Tom can atte

33、nd the lecture. A.both, and B.neither, nor C.either, or D.not only, but also( )22.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in one hand, a recorder in_.A.another B.other C.the other D.others( )23.You have _friends here, do you? A.some B.few C.little D.many( )24. There arent many oranges here,

34、but you can take _ if you want to. A. few B. a few C. a little D. little( )25.My sports shoes are too small. I want to buy _ pair. A. the others B. the other C. other D. another( ) 26.Though Alice and Jane are my good friends. _of them is allowed to read my diary. A.all B.neither C.both D.none( )27.

35、 Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other( )28.There is _ ink in my pen. Would you give me _? A. little a little B. a little little C. few a few D. a few few( )29._of us answered the phone, for we were all in the yard. A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None( )30.Im sorry. I cant understand your meaning. Can you give me _example?A.the other B.other C.another one D.another( )31.If you cant work out the problem, please have_try. A.other B.the oth