unit4-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、基本概念現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或有無(wú)某方面的經(jīng)歷。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成：have/has + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是很難掌握的一種時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗⒉皇潜硎景l(fā)生在某一時(shí)間的事情，而是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在的一種時(shí)態(tài)。比較：I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)） I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）二、用法詳解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have / has+過(guò)

2、去分詞”構(gòu)成。其中的have / has 為助動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，可將其提前；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，可直接在其后加not。過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成一般情況詞尾+ed動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Walk行走 walkedWork工作 workedHelp幫助 helped以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾詞尾+d動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Decide決定 decidedHope希望 hopedLike喜歡 liked以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加-ed動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Carry搬運(yùn) carriedHurry快 hurriedFly飛翔 flied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾+ed動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式

3、和過(guò)去分詞Stop停止 stoppedNod點(diǎn)頭 noddedPlan計(jì)劃 planned注意：上面介紹的都是過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化，也就是“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”.實(shí)際上還有許多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化是不規(guī)則的。如：（1） 動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式都相同：cutcut, cut(切割)（2） 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式都相同：bringbrought, brought(帶來(lái))（3） 動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式都不相同：gowent, gone(去)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法表影響：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，可以和already, yet, just等連用。 1)

4、I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)把照片寄了。（照片不在我這里了）2) -have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午飯了嗎？-Yes, I have just had it. 是的，我吃了，我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在不餓了）完成句子：我們已經(jīng)完成了工作: We work.她剛參加一個(gè)晚會(huì)回來(lái) She from an evening party.We have just finished work.She has just come back from an evening party.表繼續(xù)：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)

5、作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：this morning, these days, in the last (past), since, for a long time 等。 1)They have lived here since 1989. 自從1989年以來(lái)，他們就住在這里。 2) She has been there for over two years. 她在那里兩年多了。她已當(dāng)了20年的老師_你在這里住了多久了?_我認(rèn)識(shí)她很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了. She has been a teacher for 20 years. How long have you

6、lived here? I have known her for a long time.表經(jīng)驗(yàn)：表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情，常和never, ever, once, three times, before等連用。 1) I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前從沒(méi)去過(guò)埃及。2) He has been to Egypt three times. 他去過(guò)埃及3次了。你當(dāng)過(guò)教師嗎?_他過(guò)去從未開(kāi)過(guò)車_ Have you ever been a teacher before? He has never driven a car.使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題

7、（非常重要，?？迹﹉ave been to, have gone to和have been in1) have been to 表示“過(guò)去曾去過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)已從該地回來(lái)或去了其它地方，總之，現(xiàn)在已不在該地。2) have gone to 表示“以去了某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)不在說(shuō)話地點(diǎn)或在去該地的途中，或已到了該地?？傊F(xiàn)在還未回來(lái)。3) have been in 表示“已在該地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at, 而后面跟副詞時(shí)只用have been，不用任何介詞。Xiao Li have been to Beijing. 小李去過(guò)北京。Xiao Li have gone to Be

8、ijing. 小李去了北京。Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years. 小李在北京待了三年了。典型例題( ) 1 My father isnt here now. He _Shanghai. He _ there twice. A. has gone; has been B. has gone to; has been to C. has been to; has gone D. has gone to; has been( ) 2 -Hi! Bruce. I havent seen you for three weeks.-Hi! George

9、. I_ America.A. have gone to B. went to C. have been to D. have been in( ) 3 My uncle_ London for five years. But he will be back next year.A. went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to( ) 4 -Could I speak to Mrs. Black, please?-Sorry, she _ to the library.A. is going B. has gone C. has been D.

10、will to ( ) 5 Peter is young, but he_ many foreign countries.A. has been in B. has gone to C went to D. has been tosince的用法1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here sin

11、ce five months ago.比較since和forSince 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。I have lived here since I was born.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. I have worked here for many years.He has lived in Beijing

12、for 8 years. 課堂練習(xí)：1( ) 1._ you _reading the novel?A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Are; finished D. Do; finish ( ) 2.He _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here in 1977.A. has taught; came B. has taught; has come C. taught; came D. has teached; has came ( ) 3 They are late. The film _ for five

13、minutes.A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. began2( ) 1 He _ the book a week ago, but I _ it to the library. A. have lent; returned B. have borrowed; return C. borrowed; have returned D. lent; have returned ( ) 2 You cant use the computer. It_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. ha

14、s broken down( ) 3 Im sorry, I_ your name.A. have forgotten B. forgot C. had forgotten D. forgotten3( ) 1 The old man _ in this house since 1949.A. has lived B. had lived C. is living D. lives( ) 2 I hope I _ no mistake in my work so far （迄今為止）.A. make B. am making C. have made D. was making( ) 3 Th

15、e life of the people_ greatly in the past years.A. has changed B. have changed C. changed D. are changing ( ) 4 Her grandpa_ for three years.A. has been dead B. has died C. had been dead D. died4( ) 1 I _ her only twice since last year.A. see B. was seeing C. have seen D. saw( ) 2 Lucy _ to Shanghai

16、 once.A. went B. has gone C. has been D. had been( ) 3 Judy _the Great Wall twice, and now she still _to go there. A. went to; wanted B. goes to; wants C. has gone to; wants D. has been to; wants( ) 4 In the past five years. I_ English words.A. have learned three thousand B. learned three thousand o

17、f C. had learned three thousands D. learned thousands of ( ) 5 He _ there many times.A. has been B. went C. has been to D. has gone 5( ) 1.A. - you _ your breakfast?B: -Yes, I have.A: -When _ you _ it?B: -Twenty minutes ago.A. Have; have ; have; had B. Did; have; did; have C. Have; had; do; have D.

18、Have; had; did; have( ) 2 -_ your homework yet?-Not yet, I_it.A. Have you done; am doing B. Did you do; did C. Did you do; am doing D. Have you done; did( ) 3 -Where_ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here half an hour ago. But now it is gone. A. did you put; have put B. have you pu

19、t; put C. do you put; putting D. did you put; have put6( ) 1 Mr Green _ China for three years.A. has been to B. has come to C. has been in D. has arrived in( ) 2 Tom _ London for two years.A. had left B. has gone away C. has been away from D. had been away from ( ) 3 How long _ a Party member?A. hav

20、e you been B. are you C. have you become D. did you becomePart 2 Reading and Writing（第二部分閱讀和寫話）A. Choose the words and expressions and complete the passage.My parents had some strange rules when my sister and I were growing up. For example, they never _1_ us soda or juice. What we can get was water

21、or iced tea_2_no sugar. My mothers reason for it was that she didnt like kids who only drank sweet drinks, or worse, kids who did not like _3_She wanted to teach us to like water or other unsweetened drinks that did not come in a bottle. We, on the other hand, wanted to_4_a coke when we ate out. Now I can make my own decisions. but I _5_ choose juice or soda. Its not because I dont like it. I m just used to drinking1A.needed B. sold C. bought D. left2.A. with B. of C. off D. without3.A. soda B. juice C. water D. milk4. A. order B. make C. give D. spend5.A.