從五種基本句型開始提高英語寫作能力附答案

1、寫作步步高1.如何寫好簡單句只含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子（有時含有并列主語或并列謂語動詞）叫作簡單句。簡單句的五種基本句型 和There be句型介紹如下：1）主語+不及物動詞（S+V）2）主語+及物動詞+賓語（S+V+O）3）主語+系動詞+表語（S+V+C）4）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）5）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語（S+V+O+C）6）There + be句型基本句型1 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 由“主語+不及物動詞”構(gòu)成，常用來表示主語的動作。主語可有修飾語（定語），謂語可有修飾語(狀語)。如：Great (定語) changes have taken place in

2、my home town (狀語) in the past ten years. (狀語)She sat there alone, reading a novel. (形容詞alone和分詞短語作伴隨狀語)基本句型2 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 由“主語+及物動詞+賓語”構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜，不定式就經(jīng)常充當(dāng)賓語。如： The Internet helps (to) make many friends. (不定式作賓語) The student union has decided to organize a music week. So I hope to teach foreigner

3、s Chinese and spread Chinese culture.基本句型3 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 由“主語+系動詞+表語”組成，用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞有：(1)表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound；(2)表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；(3)表示狀態(tài)變化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavie

4、r. Anyone should be honest and helpful to his families, teachers and classmates. As is in China, the weather is different from area to area. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam. The dish tastes delicious. (taste, feel, sound, smell等詞作連系動詞時，無被動語態(tài))運用以上三種句型翻譯下列句子1.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 2.對他們來，騎自行車到那里去

5、很不容易。 3.幾個月以后，李明變得和以前一樣健康。 4.你這樣說真是太好心了。 5.和陌生人一塊兒度假不是個好主意。 6.我爺爺早晨起得很早。 7.布朗夫人看起來很健康。 8.每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 9.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 基本句型4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 由“主語+及物動詞+間接賓語人+直接賓語事物”組成。但若要先說出直接賓語(事物)，后說間接賓語(人)，則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day. She bought me a beautiful ski

6、rt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：(需借助to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；(需借助for的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。運用上述句型翻譯下列句子

7、1.奶奶昨晚給我講了一個有趣的故事。 2.Mary把錢包交給校長了。 3.他把車票給列車員看。 4.這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 5.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 由“主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米髻e補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如： Suddenly I heard my neighbour shouting and laughing loudly. And then I saw a yellow car drive up alo

8、ng the Third Street and turn right into Park Road.常用的含賓語補足語的句式如下： see sb. / sth. do sth. 符合這個句式的動詞有：watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make, let等 see sb. / sth. doing sth. 符合這個句式的動詞有：watch, notice, observe, look at, catch, hear, listen to, feel, have, keep, leave, find, ge

9、t等 find it + adj. / n. +to do sth. 符合這個句式的動詞有：feel, make, think, consider等運用基本句型4和5翻譯下列句子1.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 2.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 3.我要你把真相告訴我。 4.我要請人把我的錄音機修理一下。 5.我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 6.他感到很難跟你交談。 7.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 8.我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 基本句型6 There be句型 由“there + be + 主語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞

10、，并無實際語意。一般地說，全句意為：“某地有某物/某人”。 There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.另外，除了be外，live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等動詞也能用于這個句型，表示存在。在there引導(dǎo)的存在句中，謂語與最靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，并有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： There stand two huge trees in the

11、middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived and old king in the town. There is / lies a river in front of my house.be的時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化有：將來有there will be；there is / are going to be現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有there has / have been可能有there might be肯定有there must be；there must have been過去曾經(jīng)有there used to be似乎有there seems / seemed

12、to be碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be如：There must be a use for my talent. 天生我材必有用。運用上述句型翻譯下列句子1.明天下午在報告廳開會。 2.天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風(fēng)。 3.燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 4.戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 5.恰好那時房子里沒有人。 提示：在書面表達(dá)中，“有”這個含義，我們會情不自禁地使用There be和have結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。雖然能表達(dá)出原意，可是千篇一律，總會顯得俗氣呆板。試比較下面句子的翻譯，便可見分曉。學(xué)校的體育中心有三個運動區(qū)域。a.There are three

13、athletic areas in the school sports centre.b.The school sports centre contains three athletic areas.With結(jié)構(gòu)也有“有”的含義。a.Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen,b.He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.c.He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at

14、 the top.d.With winter coning on, its time to buy warm clothes.完成下列句子1. Guangzhou is an ancient city (有2200多年的文明歷史)。2. (隨著2008奧運會的來臨), more and more foreigners are eager to know about China.3. (隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展), the economy in China is developing rapidly too.同義優(yōu)選句型和精彩的復(fù)雜句式 有些簡單句表達(dá)，在語法上沒有什么錯誤，意思也很明白，但缺少文采，

15、可以通過以下方法增加語言表達(dá)精彩度。 同義優(yōu)選 用比較好的表達(dá)方式來替換原始的單詞。 He gave us some useful advice. (offered) He tried to make his parents happy. (please) A new railway is being built in this city. (under construction) 復(fù)雜句式 1) 分詞作狀語在英語中出現(xiàn)頻率極高。一方面，使句式多樣化；另一方面，使句子更簡練。 They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward.

16、Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions. Located in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.2) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，置于眾多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中，顯得新穎獨特。 Only in this way can you improve your oral E

17、nglish.3) 強調(diào)句型It + be + 被強調(diào)部分 + 其它 It was Mr. Lee who saved my life.4) with / without結(jié)構(gòu) He left without saying goodbye. 通篇提升 有些句子表達(dá)，在語法上沒有錯誤，意思也很明白，但是整體看來比較零散、不夠整齊，所以我們把一些小句子整合起來，變成一個整齊有文采的句式。這也是當(dāng)前基礎(chǔ)寫作的重點考察內(nèi)容。如：Elvis Presley (貓王), who was born in 1935 and died in 1977, was a world-famous pop star an

18、d will always be loved by his fans from different countries.(改寫后)Born in 1935, Elvis Presley was world-famous as a remarkable pop star. Despite his death in 1977, he will always be well-received by his fans from all the corners of the world.按要求改寫句子1. School was over and the students rushed out. (改成倒

19、裝句)School was over and .2. I have never seen such a wonderful film before. (改成倒裝句) 3. She lay in bed and she was awake. She was listening to music. (改成伴隨狀語)She lay in bed, 4. Yang Lan was born in 1958. She began her career as the popular “Zheng Da TV Show”. (用過去分詞改寫) , Yang Lan began her career as t

20、he popular “Zheng Da TV Show”.5. When we see from the mountain, we can see the river running through the city. (分詞短語) , we can see the river running through the city.6. The computer center, which was open last year, is really popular among the students in this school. (分詞短語)The computer center, , is

21、 really popular among the students in this school.7. “Mama!” he cried suddenly, and his tears rolled down his cheeks. (with結(jié)構(gòu))”Mama!” he cried suddenly, .2.如何寫好并列句并列連詞的意義與作用 由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子叫做并列句。并列句的基本句型是：簡單句+并列連詞（或連接副詞）+簡單句。不同的并列連詞或連接副詞表示不同的關(guān)系。所以，要寫好并列句，頭等必須了解每個并列連詞的意義和功能。下表是對所有并列連詞（或連接副詞）的歸類

22、與功能的概括。并列連詞其它意思相似的并列連詞在句子中表示的意思andfurthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, also, likewise, not onlybut also“此外，而且”，表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系but, yethowever, nevertheless, still, in contrast“但是，然而”，表示對比關(guān)系forbecause, as, since“因為”，表示原因orotherwise“或者，否則，不然的話”，表示選擇soconsequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, then“

23、因此，所以”，表示結(jié)果norneither“也不”，表示否定選擇請選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B接詞填空1. I dont agree with you, dose my partner.2. Find out where they are going this evening ask if we may join them.3. He was very seriously ill; doctors have almost given up hope of his recovery.4. They go to concerts of pop music they really like it.5. She

24、cant hope to pass the exam in December, shell have to wait till June.6. He broke the rules of the school; he had to leave.7. I dont know anything against the man; I dont trust him.8. Ill buy a new suit when I get the cheque for the work I did; , Im afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.9.

25、 is your answer wrong mine is.10. You must work harder; you will be put into another class.辨清不同功能的并列連詞 有同學(xué)認(rèn)為，并列句十分簡單，就是將兩個簡單句用并列連接詞連接起來。其實不然，在寫作中，我們必須認(rèn)真分析兩個被連接起來的簡單句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B接詞，才能真正寫出質(zhì)量好的并列句。請認(rèn)真研讀以下并列句，分析其邏輯關(guān)系。試試看，如果用別的功能的并列連詞替換，邏輯關(guān)系是否仍然成立？a. He works hard, and he plays hard too.分析：在分句1的意思基

26、礎(chǔ)上有遞進(jìn)。其含義相當(dāng)于： He not only works hard, but also plays hare. 或 He plays hard as well as works hard.b. I was tired, but I felt happy.分析：分句2的意思不是分句1意思的順接，而是出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的結(jié)果。c. We stayed at home, for it was raining.分析：分句2是對分句1的原因的補充。d. It was cold, so we decided to stay at home.分析：分句2是分句1的結(jié)果。e. Hurry up, or youll

27、 be late for class.分析：分句2是與分句1的結(jié)果相反的結(jié)果。由以上分析可見，并列連詞的選擇也要遵循句子間的邏輯關(guān)系的，如果不小心，同樣會犯邏輯錯誤。請根據(jù)所給的句子信息及所提供的并列連接詞完成句子。1. You have to learn English, and .2. You should read some English every day, or .3. Many students do quite well in the recitation, but .4. Most of the students are afraid of speaking English

28、in class, so .5. Some students cant tell the difference between thirteen and thirty, for .6. Many of the students do not like writing, nor .運用不同功能的并列連詞寫并列句 在高考評卷時，閱卷的老師常常會讀到這樣的文章，文章將內(nèi)容要點都覆蓋了，但通篇都是簡單句，結(jié)果得分不高。新高考的基礎(chǔ)寫作，要求用5個句子表達(dá)多于5個的內(nèi)容要點。因此，如能適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂貌⒘芯?，?dāng)可提高文章的可讀性與質(zhì)量。其實，方法很簡單，可根據(jù)各要點形成幾個簡單句，再將簡單句中有內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系的

29、句子用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞合并成并列句。(一)請根據(jù)并列句的邏輯關(guān)系，加上恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞，將兩個句子合并為一個并列句。1. This will cost quite some money. Its worthwhile in a long run. 2. He would have won the game easily. He fell and broke his leg. 3. Shakespeare was a writer. Shakespeare was also an actor. 4. He had failed many times. He was confident that he

30、 would succeed in the end. 5. Donna was not satisfied with her own achievement. Donna was not satisfied with the teams performance. 6. Girls are jealous of Mary. Mary is very beautiful and successful. 7. The chance is slim. They never give up hope. 8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clo

31、uds. Not a single star could be seen. (二)用并列句翻譯下列句子。1. 昨天我生日。很多同學(xué)送給我禮物。(so) 2. 書籍增長了我們的見識，開拓了我們的視野。(not onlybut also) 3. 地震中有10人死亡，3000多人無家可歸。(and) 4. 兄弟倆很不同。一個喜歡看書，另一個喜歡運動。(while) 5. 寵物通常很臟，甚至有的會傷人。(and) 6. 追求時尚沒有什么不好，但我們要把注意力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。(however) 7. 過去，我們不但沒有時間休息，而且沒有時間做自己想做的事情。(nor) 8. 通過做兼職，我們不但可以學(xué)到書

32、本以外的東西，而且可以積累重要的社會經(jīng)驗。(besides) 用并列句巧建基礎(chǔ)寫作小段落 在新高考的基礎(chǔ)寫作中，要求同學(xué)們用五個句子表達(dá)多于五個句子的意思。因此，同學(xué)樣必須要用到并列句。并列句用好了，文章就流暢自然，可讀性強。(一)以“如何學(xué)好英語”為主題，寫一篇五個句子的短文。要求包括下列全部要點，并盡量使用并列句?！緦懽鲀?nèi)容】1. 你必須每天聽英語材料。2. 聽力是英語學(xué)習(xí)中最基本的部分。3. 你必須保證閱讀練習(xí)，否則你在理解文章時速度會很慢。4. 每天早上背誦是很重要的。在課余大聲朗讀也有好處。5. 寫作很必要。你不必寫很多，但必須學(xué)會每一種寫作類型的寫作技巧。6. 此外，遇到困難時，你

33、要保持冷靜，也不要放棄?！緦懽饕蟆?. 必須使用5個句子；2. 把五個句子組成一篇連貫的文章。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好。 Learning English is not an easy job at all. You should always remember that “No pains, no gains.”(二)【寫作內(nèi)容】假如你叫李明，你有一位英國網(wǎng)友Tom，他聽說過中國的故宮，但知之不多，于是給你發(fā)來E-mail，請你向他介紹一下有關(guān)故宮的一些情況。請你根據(jù)下面提供的要點給他回一封電子郵件。1. 故宮(the Palace Museum)又叫紫禁城(the Forbidden Ci

34、ty)。它于1407年開始修建，二十萬人花了十四年的時間，于1420年建成。2. 它所有的宮殿一共有9,999個房間。在中國，9這個數(shù)字傳統(tǒng)地被認(rèn)為是吉祥的。3. 現(xiàn)在，每周星期二，故宮免費向中國學(xué)生開放。4. 故宮有著中國歷史上五千多年的珍寶(precious treasure)。【寫作要求】1. 必須使用5個句子；2. 把五個句子組成一篇連貫的文章。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好。Dear Tom, It is nice to receive your email. Now Id like to tell you something about the Palace Museum. Best wi

35、shes.YoursLi Ming(三)【寫作內(nèi)容】假如你剛收到一個邀請函，請根據(jù)以下信息寫一封回信。1. 收到對方的邀請，很感謝。2. 本周末，恰巧我母親要從深圳去上海經(jīng)過這里，將小住兩天，她今早打電話說她希望我周末陪她上街給我在上海的姐姐買些衣服做禮物。3. 對本周末不能赴約表示道歉，并通知期他人，向他們表示致意。4. 寫信人：李明；收信人：李陽【寫作要求】1. 必須使用5個句子；2. 把五個句子組成一篇連貫的文章。第一句已經(jīng)為你寫好。Dear Yang, Im sorry I couldnt go to your family party this weekend because Bes

36、t wishes.Sincerely yoursLi MingKeys1.如何寫好簡單句基本句型1&2&31. I received a letter from my pen-friend in Australia.2. Its not easy for them to go there by bike.3. Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.4. It is very kind of you to say so.5. It is not a good idea to spend your vocation with strangers.6. My grandfather gets up early in the mo