高中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項第14講狀語從句講義

1、英語個性化教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)生年級上課地點第 次授課授課時間星期學(xué)科老師教學(xué)規(guī)劃師教學(xué)課題狀 語 從 句教學(xué)內(nèi)容.狀語從句概述及分類用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為:時間狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句地點狀語從句比較狀語從句條件狀語從句目的狀語從句原因狀語從句讓步狀語從句主將從現(xiàn)原則還有那些情況用呢？.狀語從句詳解時間狀語從句1.在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes

2、 back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.2.常用連詞辨析when / while /aswhen從句動作和主句動作可以同時，也可以先后發(fā)生; when可以指時間點也可以指時間段; 從句動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞；When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.【特殊用法】相當于and at this / that time。意思為“正在/剛要這/那

3、時（突然）”We were having a class when someone broke in.(突然有人闖了進來).We were about to set off when it began to rain. (這時開始下雨了)常用于下列句式：be doing /be on the point of doing /be about to do sth./had just done +when意思為“正在/剛要/剛做完這/那時（突然）”as當主句、從句動作同時進行，從句動作的時間概念淡化，而主要表示主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時，只能用 as。這時，as常表示“隨著”; “一邊，一邊”之意

4、As the time went on，the weather got worse.（as表示“隨著”之意） The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。 The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫。while從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生，只能表示持續(xù)的動作和狀態(tài)。When/While he was eating his lunch, the doorbell rang.When I stopped my car, a man ca

5、me up to me. 【注意】從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生，且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時，when，while，as都可使用。 When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.（dance為延續(xù)性動詞）當我們跳舞時，一位陌生人走了進來。表示“一就的”連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(1)as soon asAs soon as he arrives, we will start to work.(2)the momentthe instantthe minutethe secondinstantlyimmediatelydirectlyThe moment

6、 I saw him, I recognized him.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw her mother.(3)hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan, 主句一般用過去完成時，從句用過去式No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain.till /until 和 not untiluntil /till 延續(xù)性動詞（肯定式）+ unti

7、l /till 表示“動作延續(xù)到為止”We walked along the river until /till it was dark.瞬間動詞（延續(xù)性動詞的否定）+ until / till 表示“直到才發(fā)生”He didnt know anything about it until / till I told him.強調(diào)句型It is / was untilthat It was not until the professor came that we began the class.before / sincebefore引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，詞義非常靈活Please make sure

8、 you return the book before its due.( 在之前)Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. (之后才)Someone call me up in the midnight, but he hang up before I could answer the phone. (還沒來的急就)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.（還沒就）Please write down before you forget it. （趁還沒就）s

9、ince表示“自從以來”， 從句一般用過去時，主句用完成時Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city.5.It is + 時間段 + since / before 句型It will /wont be + 時間段+ before 要等時間才； 過不了多長時間就It was / wasnt + 時間段 + before 過了多長時間才； 沒過多長時間就It is / has been +時間段+since 自從以來，已經(jīng)有多少時間了It will be 2 years before he leaves the c

10、ountry. It wasnt long before he told me about himself.It is 5 years since he lived here.條件狀語從句if / unlessif 表示正面條件，意思為“如果”；unless (ifnot) 表示反面條件，意思為“除非，如果不”If you had come earlier, you would have met him.I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the work ahead of time.in case, on cond

11、ition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that) 等詞匯意義相近，意思為“萬一，假使，加入，在條件下”。In case there is a fire, what will we do?Suppose / supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?They agree to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the we

12、ekend.3.as long as =so long as引導(dǎo)語氣強烈的條件狀語從句，意思為“只要”I dont mind where you go, as long as youre back before midnight.4.“祈使句+and / or /or else / otherwise+ 陳述句”句型中Study hard, and you will be successful.Study hard, or you will fail.One more word, and I will beat you flat.原因狀語從句because / as / since /now

13、thatbecause放于主句前或者后，表示直接原因，語氣最強，最適合回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問句，可以用于強調(diào)句中。I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因為我喜歡。It was because he was late for the class that he was punished by the teacher.【注意】“not . because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個從句The country is not strong because it is large. 國強不在大。since一般放于主句之前, 表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻

14、譯成“既然”), 較為正式, 語氣比because弱. Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.注意：seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that), in that這幾個詞匯與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句意思相近，都表示“既然”。 Seeing (that) he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now help him. Now (that) you are grown up, yo

15、u should not rely on your parents. Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. as 表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”，語氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽車。As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了，你最

16、好休息一下。I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早，因為我筋疲力盡了。for并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明, for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能見過我，因為我不在那里。 2.when (既然) , seeing that (鑒于，由于), considering that (考慮到)也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。Seeing that there were less than hal

17、f the members present, the meeting had to be postponed. 結(jié)果狀語從句1.結(jié)果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat 表示如此以致He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.2.sothat語such.that 異同在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與

18、形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long a

19、rms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term examination.有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important mat

20、ch that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由asas, than, not soas ,

21、 the more the more 等詞來引導(dǎo)。Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case that (以防)來引導(dǎo)so that / in order that兩詞都表示“為了，以便”, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句常與情態(tài)動詞can/could /may /might 等連用；in order that 引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于主句之前或者之后, so that 引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。

22、I am studying hard so that / in order that I can go to a famous university.In order that we could save time we used the computer.for fear that / in casefor fear that 生怕，以免Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away.in case 以防I will keep a seat for you in case you

23、change your mind.so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句)so / suchthat 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句與so / such as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別so / suchthat 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

24、時，that在從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用It such a moving film that we all want to see it .so / suchas 引導(dǎo)的定語從句, as 在從句中做主語或者賓語。It such a moving film as we all want to see.讓步狀語從句though / although 意思為“雖然，盡管”，主句里面不可用but; 若要強調(diào)前后兩部分對比意義，可在主句句首加yet和still.Although / though he is rich, yet /still he is not happy.【注意】though 除了conj.外還可以做adv.特殊搭配：even though =even if ; as though =as i