中學(xué)英語語法教學(xué)途徑

1、中學(xué)英語語法教學(xué)途徑賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯關(guān)系雙賓語，直接賓語，間接賓語，復(fù)合賓語動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)系詞，先行詞非謂語動詞形式主語現(xiàn)在分詞表語語法是什么？新課程改革，在中學(xué)英語課堂上，還要教語法嗎？中學(xué)英語語法是什么內(nèi)容？有專門的語法課嗎？語法教學(xué)什么時候進(jìn)行？怎樣進(jìn)行？句子，句型結(jié)構(gòu)，語法規(guī)則是否有區(qū)別？什么區(qū)別？新目標(biāo)英語教材中只在附錄部分有一個語法項目表在正文的Grammar Focus部分出現(xiàn)的也僅僅只是一些核心句子，該怎么處理它？困惑？GrammarStudy or science of rules for words and structures of a language 牛津現(xiàn)代

2、高級英漢雙解辭典Study or science of rules for the combination of words into sentences (syntax) and the forms of words (morphology) Oxford Advanced Dictionary of Current EnglishStudy or use of the rules for forming words and combining them into sentences英語學(xué)習(xí)與交際大詞典Study and practice of the rules by which word

3、s change their forms and are combined into sentences Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English語言現(xiàn)象語法規(guī)則 交際語言運用喬姆斯基：轉(zhuǎn)換生成語言學(xué)理論LAD假說語言 能力規(guī)則體系克拉申：第二語言習(xí)得理論監(jiān)調(diào)理論習(xí)得學(xué)習(xí) 假說監(jiān)調(diào)假說麥克朗林：第二語言習(xí)得理論認(rèn)知理論信息處 理自如式和控制式王薔：語法能力是交際的基礎(chǔ)；語法教學(xué)能加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的 語言熟練程度和正確性；語法學(xué)習(xí)幫助提高語言 學(xué)習(xí)效率結(jié)論：教師肯定要教語法，學(xué)生肯定要學(xué)語法 英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語法項目表共計23項內(nèi)容： 詞法13項：包括名、代、數(shù)、

4、介 、連、副詞、冠詞、 動詞、形容詞、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語、構(gòu) 詞法。句法10項：句子種類、句子成分、簡單句的基本句 型、并列復(fù)合句、主從復(fù)合句、虛擬語 氣、省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、直接引語與間接 引語詞類：名、冠、代、連、介、動、形、副、數(shù)短語：動詞短語、短語動詞、介詞短語、介詞短語、 形容詞短語 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：there be, It takes sb.to do, ask sb. to do, 時態(tài)：各種時態(tài) 語態(tài)：被動語態(tài) 長句：狀語從句、賓語從句、定語從句標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的語法項目在教材的語言材料中表現(xiàn)為一個單元的課型包括 功能對話課： Section A, Section ASection B Sect

5、ion B語篇閱讀課：3a， Long reading單元復(fù)習(xí)課：Self check 綜合運用課：聽說讀寫綜合訓(xùn)練語法教學(xué)：沒有專門的語法課 功能對話課中的句型學(xué)習(xí) 語篇閱讀課中的語言點和知識點學(xué)習(xí) 單元復(fù)習(xí)課和綜合運用課中小結(jié)語法規(guī)則 語法教學(xué)應(yīng)該在功能話題學(xué)習(xí)中、語篇閱讀中、聽說 讀寫的訓(xùn)練中進(jìn)行。不能脫離語境情景句子： She asks her children to be polite to the old.句型：ask sb. to do sth. 語法：不定式復(fù)合賓語 學(xué)生：易于記憶和掌握的 事半功倍的 老師：應(yīng)該教什么 句子句型句子+句型抽象，難于理解句型教學(xué)基本功能：化繁為簡

6、，化零為整，化抽象為具體句型的定義：句子模式，公式，為交際服務(wù)，要求模仿基本套路：模仿機(jī)械操練，套用意義操練，活用語言實踐，小結(jié) 獲取正確的語音語調(diào) 練口 交際 得公式 獲取正確的語言形式 套用 做事情 得方法 得規(guī)律 導(dǎo)入 呈現(xiàn) 導(dǎo)入 呈現(xiàn) 導(dǎo)入 呈現(xiàn) Chain drill 替換練習(xí) 小組活動 Pair work 擴(kuò)展練習(xí) 口頭 team work 連句練習(xí) 書面 individual work 轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí) 閱讀、完型、寫作句型教學(xué)基本方式：新句舊詞，新詞舊句 創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，集中操練，分散安排，大量重復(fù) 新舊聯(lián)系，歸納比較，適當(dāng)變化，聯(lián)系語法 照顧全面，因材施教更多建議：不孤立教句型，不附庸在功

7、能對話或語篇中 以功能話題為依托，從情景、語境入手 以任務(wù)為中心，活動為載體 學(xué)生主體，教師主導(dǎo) 及時小結(jié)，歸納提煉 落實到運用（用pattern寫對話，寫語段）Unit 9 When was he born?Chengdu Railway Middle School Li Dan2.When was he born?1.Who is he?Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760-1791He is Mozart.He was born in 1756.1.Liu XuanBorn:19792.Ronaldo Born:19765

8、.Mei Lanfang Born:18943.Tiger Woods Born:1975 4.Shirley Temple Born:1928Names Achievement AgeTiger Woods Shirley Temple3 years oldWolfgang Amadeus MozartMei LanfangRonaldo Liu Xuanwon a gold medal at World Championships Read and fill in the blanks .Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760

9、-17911.What did Mozart do?2. When did he start writing music?He wrote music.When he was 4 years old.1.What did he do?2. When did he start ?Names Achievement AgeTiger Woods Shirley TempleWolfgang Amadeus MozartMei LanfangRonaldo Liu Xuanstarted golfing10 years old10 months oldperformed Beijing Operab

10、ecame a movie star3 years oldstarted writing music4 years old17 years old17 years oldplayed for national team won a gold medal at World Championships Read and fill in the blanks .Born:1756Mozartwrote music4 years old / in 1760346 years agoon Friday every weekat 9:00 p.m. every day1760-1791 1. When d

11、id he start writing music?2.When did he start writing music every week?3.When did he start writing music every day?When he was 4 years old.On Friday.At 9:00 in the evening(In 1760.)(346 years ago.)Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760-1791How long did he write music?He wrote music for

12、31 years.1975-2005How long did he/she?19041954時間點at 11 in the morning, in 1993,12 years ago, on Friday , when he was 5 years oldHow longfor時間段WhenWhen Vs. How longUse “How long” or “When” to fill in the blanks. did you start doing your homework last night? I started at 7 oclock. did you do your home

13、work last night? I did it for 3 hours. did you begin to live in Chengdu? I began to live in Chengdu in 1992.5. do you have a P.E. class? We have a P.E. class on Friday afternoon.6. did Deng Yaping start playing ping-pong? When she was 5 years old.2.7. did he become a movie star? He became a movie st

14、ar 5 years ago.4. were you born? I was born in 1978.whenHow longWhenWhenWhenWhenWhen Deng YapingBorn:1973Played ping-pongIn 19781978-1996David BeckhamBorn :1975Played soccerIn 19801980-2005 whoWhen did you start teaching?How longMore information for yearsWhats your hobby？years agoMiss LiWhos favorit

15、e person？A Report: Miss Li is a famous English teacher in Railway Middle School. She was born in 1977.She started teaching 5 years ago. She likes singing English songs .And I love her very much whoWhenHow longMore informationInterview:Homework:According to the form, write a short report about the pe

16、rson you interviewed just now.(根據(jù)所填表格信息，寫一篇名人采訪報道。） whoWhenHow longMore information語篇閱讀中的語言點：新單詞、新短語、長句等影響 學(xué)生理解的閱讀障礙。語篇閱讀中的知識點：語法點、考點Closing-reading細(xì)讀讀細(xì)節(jié)，理結(jié)構(gòu)，處理語言點 知識點。語言點和知識點的處理方式：語言點：1、包含在任務(wù)中 2、學(xué)生提出 3、做括號、引箭頭、指關(guān)系、析長句知識點：1、閱讀過程中只勾畫 2、設(shè)計在作業(yè)中 3、評講作業(yè)時、單元總結(jié)時、評講試卷時七年級上冊11單元3a Section A: 短語：get up, have

17、a shower, get to work, get home句子：What a funny time to make breakfast! To get work, he takes the number 17 bus to the. Can you think what his job is?八年級上冊四單元3a Section B: 短語：go to school on the bus, go to school by boat, walk to school, ride bikes to school, take trains to school句子：In the places whe

18、re there are rivers and lakes, students That must be more fun than taking a bus.八年級上冊三單元3a Section B:句子：I know there are many people there who speak French.語法教學(xué)基本原則：重練習(xí)，少講解 重實例，少規(guī)則 重使用，少分析 重綜合，少單一 基本特點：多樣性，層次性，交際性 思維性，目的性，循環(huán)性以實踐為綱以技能為核語法是手段運用是目的語法教學(xué)基本模式： Three-step-model感性積累 理性上升 回到實踐基本方式：逐步滲透，自然習(xí)慣

19、提煉句型，列出公式 套用練習(xí)，語言運用 具體方法：創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，英英比較，英漢對比，圖表概括， 實例轉(zhuǎn)換，系統(tǒng)講解，講練結(jié)合，及時點悟提示注意觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)分析思考?xì)w納小結(jié)補(bǔ)充完善得到規(guī)則六環(huán)節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)綜合運用練習(xí)導(dǎo)入呈現(xiàn)機(jī)械操練意義操練交際運用強(qiáng)化鞏固感性積累理性上升回到實踐 語法練習(xí)的設(shè)計: 冠詞填空練習(xí)1. She plays_ piano at 8 and_ basketball at 10 in the morning. A. thethe B. the/ C. / D. /the2. _ old man has two sons. A. An B. The C. A D./3. _coal costs 60 dollars _ ton at the moment. A. / B. The C. A4. He is not at_ office. He is talking to his friend on the phone. A. an B. the C. a D./閱讀理解Once there l