while-“it”用法總結(jié)共38頁課件

1、The use of “while”知識要點(diǎn) while的用法(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候, 在期間”從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞；(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,多用于句首。意為“盡管,雖然”；(3)While作并列連詞用,意思為“而,然而”,表前后意義上的對比；(4)引導(dǎo)條件狀語,意思是“只要”；(5)while可用作名詞,意為“一會兒;一段時(shí)間”。知識要點(diǎn) while的用法1. Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人很費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。 (然而) 2. We must strike while

2、 the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)3. While there is a way there is away.有志者事竟成。 (只要)4. While these experiments are interesting and useful, it is important to remember that they may not always tell us much.雖然這些實(shí)驗(yàn)很有趣也有用，但是很重要的是要記住，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)也可能不會告訴你很多。 (雖然，盡管)返回目錄根據(jù)句意，辨別while的含義知識要點(diǎn) while的用法5. While there is life

3、 there is hope. 只要生命存在，就有希望。 (只要)6. While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。 (當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)7. The son was having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields.兒子在家吃好飯而父母卻在田里辛勤勞作。 (然而)8. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，可是他對他們很嚴(yán)格。 (

4、雖然，盡管)知識要點(diǎn) while的用法1. I ought to have helped her, but I never could.2. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 3. In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.4. Some people are wasting water while some people are fighting for water.while表示前后句形成“對比”關(guān)系，b

5、ut只表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折。根據(jù)例句，辨別while與but的區(qū)別The use of “It”知識要點(diǎn) It的用法 （一）作人稱代詞1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞, 不可數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）They say he has left town, but I dont believe it. （it代替前面Theytown分句中的情況）返回目錄知識要點(diǎn) 2、代替有

6、生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）返回目錄知識要點(diǎn) 3、在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。1)- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.- Who is it?- Its me.2)- Who are singing?- It is the children.3)- The light is stil

7、l on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.返回目錄知識要點(diǎn) 4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的單數(shù)名詞，但it用于同名同物；one則用于同名異物。It還可以指不可數(shù)名詞。1)- Do you still have the bicycle?- No, I have sold it.2)- Is this knife yours?- No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is the one on the desk.返回目錄知識要點(diǎn) 5、it與that的區(qū)別：

8、兩詞都可代替某一名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，that指同一類，it指同一個(gè)。The climate of South China is mild(溫和的); I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）返回目錄知識要點(diǎn) （二）作無人稱代詞it作無人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。It is fine (rainy

9、, windy, etc.).It is noon.It is a half hours walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?返回目錄(三)引導(dǎo)詞it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式1. It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 使用該句型有以下幾點(diǎn)請注意： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語is或was永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù). It was yesterday that I met your father in the street不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是哪種狀語，只能用that連接，不得使用where、when等連詞. It wa

10、s in the street that I met your father yesterday被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí)，可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that，用that也行。It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday強(qiáng)調(diào)句中 也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉(zhuǎn)移的問題。It is they who are our friendsIt was not until ten oclock

11、 that we got home last night注意不要混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。It is wasthat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句標(biāo)志，去掉后仍可組成一個(gè)完整的句子，只是沒被強(qiáng)調(diào),而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比較： 1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night我們昨晚到家時(shí)已十點(diǎn)了。2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我們昨晚是在十點(diǎn)到家的。要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)拔第一句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，when不可改為that,因?yàn)槿サ鬷t was和that后，只能組成“We got home ten oclock la

12、st night”這樣一個(gè)不完整的句子；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，that不可改為when2. It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語，譯成漢語直到才，可以說是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film

13、star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. it 用作形式主語3.1 代替主語從句1）It is + adj. +that從句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain.) that . “清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）”It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strang

14、e， natural.) that . that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. 2）.It is +v-ed +that 從句 It is said (reported， learned.) that . 據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/comman

15、ded. ) that . 主句中的過去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以??；常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) h

16、appen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 4). It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是常用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯 It is time that children went to bed. It is the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time

17、 I have been here. 5). It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen ， seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來3.2.作形式主語替代不定式 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花費(fèi)某人 It took thou

18、sands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。 常見的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3). It is necessar

19、y ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常見的形容詞有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 4). It is such a privilege to do . 做是一份榮幸 It was is

20、 such a privilege to meet President Obama . It is no good (use ) doing sth. 該句型中的真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock. 3.3.作形式主語替代ing形式 4. It 作形式賓語. We think it imp

21、ortant to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“7123結(jié)構(gòu)。 7指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel,suppose； 1指的是形式賓語it； 2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well.

22、 They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.五、特殊句型1). It is . since .。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 2). It is . when .。 “當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是” It was 5 oclock when he came here. 3). It be . before . 該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間， 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語多是long， not long ， 3 day

23、s ， 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語，常譯為“之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 4）. It looks ( seems ) as if . 該句型中it無意義， as if 引導(dǎo)表語從句。常譯為，“看起來好象”如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生?。?It seemed as if he were dyi

24、ng.5）. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 該句型中whether(if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語，該句型常譯為不論（是否）沒關(guān)系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 6）Id appreciate it if Id appreciate it if you can come to my party. 7）He made it clear that He made it clear that he would leave the city. 8）I hate/like it when I hate it when people

25、 shout at me. I like it when people praise me.9）make it 及時(shí)趕到;成功;辦成You can make it if you hurry.You neednt worry; he will make it.10）catch it 被責(zé)罵; 受處罰If I come home late Ill catch it from my mother.Youll catch it because of your carelessness.11）. It的一些習(xí)慣用法How is it with your study? 學(xué)習(xí)好嗎？Thats it . 這就

26、對了。It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。We must fight it out.我們必須堅(jiān)持到底。I cant help it. 我沒有辦法。 1.（09四川）I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _.A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B。 【解析】意思是：我喜歡這個(gè)前面有一個(gè)美麗花園的房子，但是我沒有足夠多的錢去把它買下來。第一句話中的this

27、 house表明在該語境中是特指的用法，所以答案為it，表示特指。該題容易誤選one，要注意的是one表示泛指?！究键c(diǎn)定位】it/that/one用法區(qū)別高考鏈接高考鏈接2. （09浙江）Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A.this B. that C. there D. it【答案】 D【解析】句中“ not how much you read but what you read” 足以做動(dòng)詞count 的主語，所有選D

28、使之構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。【考點(diǎn)定位】本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句。返回目錄高考鏈接3.（11北京）Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress.A. it B. them C. one D. him【答案】C【解析】本題較難，但根據(jù)句意“作一名家長并不是很容易，并且作為一名有著特殊需要的孩子家長，由于當(dāng)這種特殊需要的孩子家長而帶來額外的壓力”。分清指代，it 指代上文being the parent of a

29、 child with special needs內(nèi)容，carry的賓語為extra stress,with it 表示原因，防止誤選C.，由此可知選A【考點(diǎn)定位】考查代詞it用法。高考鏈接4.（09浙江卷） _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It【答案】D.【解析】本題it代替that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous