2022年中考英語(yǔ)冠詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)加練習(xí)有答案

1、冠詞重點(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)歸納及講解（一）概說(shuō)1冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分,只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上,幫忙說(shuō)明其詞義；英語(yǔ)中有兩個(gè)冠詞：1）定冠詞 the 2）不定冠詞 a/an 定冠詞 the 通常讀作 ,在元音前讀作 i ,特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作 i: ；不定冠詞在元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前用 an 這個(gè)形式,讀作 n ；在其他情形下就使用 a,讀作 ；2冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞 a/an與數(shù)詞 one 同源,表示 “一個(gè) ”的意思,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前；例如： She is a nurse. 她是個(gè)護(hù)士；He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國(guó)人,有一個(gè)

2、愛(ài)爾蘭妻子；定冠詞 the,與 this 同源,有 “這（那）個(gè) ”的意思,但比較弱,表示一（幾）個(gè)特定的人或東西,有時(shí)可譯作 “這個(gè)（些） ”或“那個(gè)（些） ”；例如： Thats the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書(shū)；Whos the young man over there. 那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰(shuí)？但在許多情形下, “這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中并不顯現(xiàn)；例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上；Shut the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門(mén)關(guān)上；3特指和泛指一般來(lái)說(shuō),名詞有特指和泛指兩種情形,請(qǐng)比較下面的句子：A gentleman is a

3、sking to see you. 有位先生要求見(jiàn)你；（泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in. 請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來(lái)；（特指）在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞,而泛指時(shí)就有三種情形：1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞；2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞,可使用例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片；some, any這類詞；例如：These are new words. 這些是生詞；She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花；3）在不行數(shù)名詞前多不加什么,有時(shí)也可加 some, any等；例如： It s lovely weath

4、er. 天氣真好；Do you want any sugar in your tea. 你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎？Give us some help. 給我們一些幫忙；（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),代表某一類別（不肯定譯為“一”）例如： His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生；2代表某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any（+名詞）（不必譯為 “一”,但必需用 a,表示類別）例如： A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物；3指某人或某物（不是指某一類）,但不詳細(xì)說(shuō)明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”）例如： This book was writ

5、ten by a worker. 這本書(shū)是一位工人寫(xiě)的；4表示數(shù)量,有 “一” 的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有 例如： Wait a moment. 等一下；5表示單位,相當(dāng)于 “每”的意思o(jì)ne 劇烈（一般譯為 “一”）例如： We have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐；6用于某此固定詞組中 例如： a few, a little, a bit of, a lot of等；（三）定冠詞的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： Give me the book. 把那本書(shū)給我；2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物 例如： Where is the doctor. 醫(yī)生在哪兒

6、？3再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或事物 例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典； 詞典在家里；4用在大家所熟識(shí)的、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大,但比太陽(yáng)?。?用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前 例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課；Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to

7、 the earth. 在全部的恒星中,太陽(yáng)離地球最近；6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示某一類人或事物 例如： The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物；7與以下專出名詞連用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示夫婦二人或全家人 例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁；8和某些形容詞連用,表示一類人 例如： the old 老人 the young 年輕人 the r

8、ich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人9在一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中the east west, south, north in the morning afternoon, evening on the left right in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠詞的幾種情形1在專出名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai. 你到過(guò)上海嗎？2在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家；3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日

9、三餐的名稱前We love science. 我們愛(ài)好科學(xué)；例如： It is hot in summer. 夏每天氣熱；Have you had breakfast. 你吃過(guò)早飯沒(méi)有？It s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今日是八月二十二日,星期三；4稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜,職務(wù)的名詞前例如： Whats the matter with you, Mike. 怎么啦,邁克？們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)；5學(xué)科和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前He is headmaster of our school. 他是我例如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)；Do you like to play

10、 football. 你喜愛(ài)踢足球嗎？6名詞前已有用作定語(yǔ)的 this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞例如： That is her bike； 那是她的自行車Each student in his class studies hard. 這個(gè)班的每個(gè)同學(xué)都努力學(xué)習(xí)；7在某些固定詞組的名詞前例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等；三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè) A 組I

11、. 在以下句子的空格中填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~,不需要的地方用“ / ”表示：1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in _ day. 6. Chinese is quite _

12、difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Blacks. 10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth. 11. - Which picture is more beautiful. - _one on

13、_ left, I think. 12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital. - Go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. When was _ Peoples Republic of China founded. 17. In China _ first Engl

14、ish textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. After _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China. 20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano. II. 單項(xiàng)挑選：1. 上學(xué)A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院A,

15、in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在課堂上A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃飯A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽車 A. ta

16、ke bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飛機(jī)A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火車A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校學(xué)習(xí)A. in the school B. in school C. in

17、schools 15. 睡覺(jué)A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得爽快 A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事實(shí)上A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 從早到晚 A. from morning to the eveni

18、ng B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè) B 組III. 挑選填空：1. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. Th

19、e museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall weC. the D. / A. a B. an 7. This is _ interesting story

20、-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. a

21、n C. the D. / 11. Don t play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag. I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14.

22、 I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast. A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stay

23、ed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _ “ r ” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard a