高考英語關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)及真題解析

1、考點(diǎn)17 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句高考頻度： 【考點(diǎn)解讀】定語從句在高考的基礎(chǔ)知識方面的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單選題、語法填空及短文改錯中，在單項(xiàng)選擇中主要考查定語從句的一些基本用法，如常見關(guān)系詞的選擇，在選擇的過程中，一定要注意限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別，定語從句與名詞性從句，及狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別等，有時也會與其他修飾性的句型結(jié)構(gòu)之間進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)性考查，如與強(qiáng)調(diào)句性等，所以重點(diǎn)掌握的是從高考題中總結(jié)規(guī)律，達(dá)到熟練應(yīng)用。【命題預(yù)測】定語從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)， 主要考查常見關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法， 比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及區(qū)別性的選擇等，及與其他從句如

2、名詞性從句的區(qū)別等。在高考的中主要體現(xiàn)在語法填空，短文改錯，完型填空等中。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句考向一 常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1. that可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。指人時，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語。2. which指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）3. who, whom, whose（1）who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，只可指人（2）whom: 賓格，在從句中只能作賓語

3、; 只可指人（3）whose: 表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。譯為：某人的，某物的（4）whose + 名詞 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)注意： 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語 (在定語從句中，介詞提前時，介詞后：表人用 whom；表物用 which) 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末。） 4. asas 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語（1）如

4、為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as(與相同)；such as （如此，這樣）; as many/much as（和一樣多）；so/as as（與一樣）等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：（2）如為非限制性的，as還可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，代替整個主句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為正如，這一點(diǎn)。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作賓語)眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。 1.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷 短文改錯）Thank yo

5、u for your letter, what really made me happy.【答案】what which 【解析】考查定語從句。本句是含有非限制性定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞 是 your letter，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語，所以此處應(yīng)用指物的 which。 2.（2020新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】61. whose 【解析】考查定語從句。本句為含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。先行詞 artist 是人，與paintings 為所屬關(guān)系，故填入作

6、定語的關(guān)系代詞 whose。 3. （2020新課標(biāo)III卷短文改錯）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. 【答案】what that 【解析】考查定語從句。 此處考查定語從句。先行詞為 the food，不定代詞all 作其定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞 that。4.（2020 山東新高考 語法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,

7、formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.【答案】which / that 【解析】考查定語從句。關(guān)系代詞 which / that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞 the British Museum，在從句中作主語。 5.（2019新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被

8、他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。2. (2018新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that/which【解析】that或which 考查

9、定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。5.Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【參考答案】A【答案解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_sailors have to face 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the many dangers，且從句缺少賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞。 因此A選項(xiàng)正確。句意為 在水手不得不面對的許多危險中，可能最大的是霧霾?？枷蚨hat、 wh

10、ich的辨析1. 只能用that，不能用which的情況（1）先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。（2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、 形容詞最高級、 the only， the very， the last等修飾時， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用that， 不用which.如：The fi

11、rst English novel that I read was Cities. 我讀的第一本英文小說是城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 這是我見過的最激動人心的足球比賽之一。This is the only thing that we can do now. 這是我們現(xiàn)在惟一能做的事情。（3）先行詞既有人又有物時， 關(guān)系代詞只用that， 不用which.如：The scientist and his achievements that you told me about ar

12、e admired by us all. 我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. 外國游客高度贊揚(yáng)了他們在少年宮所看到的少先隊(duì)員以及他們的表演。（4） 關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語并帶有類比含義時， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是過去的那位明星了。Our scho

13、ol is no longer the school that it used to be. 我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的那所學(xué)校了。（5） 句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which， 為避免重復(fù)， 不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。如： Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超過我們的是哪輛車？2. 只用which，不能用that的情況（1） 在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾表事物的先行詞時， 關(guān)系代詞必須用which.如：The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。This

14、 is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首， which就可換為that， 如： This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。（2） 先行詞為“those表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用w

15、hich而不用that.例如：Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)則。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 書店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營新出版的各種暢銷書。（3）當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that。 1.（2017新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）Like anything,

16、it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【參考答案】 which【答案解析】句意：很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整句話。2.（2017新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯）In their spare time, they are interesting（改為interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the

17、rooftop of their house.【參考答案】 which【答案解析】非限制性定語從句需要用which引導(dǎo)，故將that改為which。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語。有時可用介詞which結(jié)構(gòu)替換。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我還記得我第一次來北京的那天。2.當(dāng)定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，即使先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。Is this the reason (that

18、) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?這是他在會議上解釋的無禮的原因嗎？3.當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒體經(jīng)常能夠幫助解決問題，把注意力吸引到需要幫助的情況。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的

19、選擇用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句謂語動詞若是及物動詞，后面若無賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若是不及物動詞則用關(guān)系副詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分把關(guān)系詞放進(jìn)定語從句中，若作主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞。1.（2020新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空）Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and

20、to Earth.【答案】63. where 【解析】此處缺少引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞。spot 作為先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，空白處所填的詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞 where。 2.（2020天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, _he gave it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：史密斯先生一直擁有這幅油畫，直到20世紀(jì)90年代初，他把它送給了孫子。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是theearly

21、1990 s，在定語從句中作時間狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選B。1.（2019新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用where。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) = 1 * ROMAN I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. Do you re

22、member the scene _ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.3. I will never forget the days _ I was taken good care of in that village.4. Do you know the reason John is so angry?5. None of us know the reason _ Tom

23、 was absent from the meeting.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting for his absence didnt make sense.7. I still remember the night _ she left the house.8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at

24、 all.10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.II.單句語法填空1A football fan is a person _ has a strong interest in football2Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?3I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers4We all know that

25、 this is the second book _ he has ever written5_ is often the case in India, foreign firms will face big barriers6Those _ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”7Michel Crozier, with _ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the straight A students of the school8The boy, of _ the

26、 hair is red, is my brother9They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _ sat a small boy10In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women11It is such a good book _ I want to buy immediately12Our life has reached the stage _ we should decide what to do and how to do it by ourselves13I

27、 dont know the reason _ he came so late14Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver, _ car was blocking the street15The way _ he looks at problems is wrong16They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school17I want to use the same tools _ were used in your factory a few days ago1

28、8We climbed up to the top of a hill, _ we got a good view of the whole forest park19In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help20Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?題組二能力提升單項(xiàng)選擇1.This years childrens p

29、arty, _ some parents were invited to, was a great success.A.whichB.whyC.whoseD.where2.The death of the closest relatives, _ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable.A.whichB.whoC.asD.the one3.Have you heard any news about Sarah?Yes, she was promoted to p

30、resident of her company, _surprised everyone.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.it4.There is no success without hard work; success is something _is only earned after much labor.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.不填5.It is said that a most popular emoji (expression of emotion on the Internet) is the face with the rolling eyes, _

31、 is used in 14 percent of text messages.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose6.He isnt such a man _ he used to be.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as7.It was the training_he had as a young man_ made him such a good engineer.A.what, thatB.that, whatC.that, whichD.which, that8.Actually, there are grammatical mistakes many stu

32、dents make _keep them from writing the good compositions.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whether9.Many universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space _ benefits life-long learners.A.howB.whatC.whichD.where10.Something_ really_ ,in my opinion, is having computer skills.A.that; countsB.whi

33、ch; countsC.that; counts onD.which; counts on題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷 短文改錯）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.2.（2020新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.3. （2020新課標(biāo)III卷短文改錯）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided

34、 by Mom with appreciation. 4.（2020 山東新高考 語法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.5.（2020新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空）Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satel

35、lite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.6.（2020天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, _he gave it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who7.（2019新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the p

36、et shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.8.（2019北京卷語法填空）The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.9.（2019浙江卷語法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.10.（2019新課標(biāo)III卷短文改錯）

37、In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.11. (2018新課標(biāo)卷II語法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,

38、fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.12.(2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空)Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when13. (2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空) Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. he

39、r14.（2019天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what15.（2019新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.16.（2019北京卷語法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more t

40、han _8_ they go.17.（2018新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) = 1 * ROMAN I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. where2. where3. when 4. why5. why6. that/which7. when8. when9. where10. whenII. 語法填空1.【答案】who/that【解析】句意：足球

41、迷是對足球有強(qiáng)烈興趣的人。分析句子成分可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞，指人可用who/that。2【答案】whose【解析】此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為anyone。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語。3【答案】when【解析】句意：我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記和農(nóng)民們一起住在農(nóng)場的那些年。years是表示時間的名詞，且從句中不缺少主語和賓語，故用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在從句中作時間狀語。4 【答案】that【解析】句意：我們都知道這是他曾經(jīng)寫的第二本書。當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時，要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。5【答案】As【解析】此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語

42、從句，as在從句中作主語，指代逗號后面整個主句的內(nèi)容。6 【答案】who【解析】句意：那些有六個或更多親密朋友的人常被認(rèn)為是非常幸福的。先行詞為those (指人)時，常用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語。7 【答案】whose【解析】句意：米歇爾克羅澤是學(xué)校全優(yōu)生之一，在他的幫助下黛西通過了考試。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，本句中含有一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Michel Crozier，并且與從句中的名詞help之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。8 【答案】whom【解析】句意：有著紅色頭發(fā)的男孩是我哥哥。of whom the hairthe hair of whom

43、whose hair。9 【答案】which【解析】in front of which還原即in front of the farmhouse。關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞the farmhouse。10 【答案】whom【解析】two thirds of whom即two thirds of the 2,000 workers。關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語，因此用賓格whom。11 【答案】as【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句含有一個限制性定語從句。先行詞為a good book，并且從句中缺少賓語，又由于先行詞被such修飾，故關(guān)系代詞只能用as。12 【答案】where【解析】句意：我們

44、的人生已經(jīng)走到了應(yīng)該獨(dú)立決定該做什么和如何去做的階段了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句中含有一個定語從句。先行詞the stage作為抽象地點(diǎn)，并且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。13 【答案】why【解析】句意：我不知道他來得那么晚的原因。先行詞為the reason，且定語從句中缺少原因狀語，故用why。14【答案】whose【解析】句意：突然我聽到一個人對一個司機(jī)喊了起來，那個司機(jī)的車擋住了街道。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作car的定語，修飾先行詞a driver。15 【答案】(that/in which)【解析】先行詞是the way，且定語從句中缺少方式狀語時，定語從句的

45、關(guān)系詞可以是that, in which或者省略。16 【答案】that【解析】當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該定語從句。17 【答案】as【解析】as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成such as或the same as結(jié)構(gòu)，其中such和the same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞并引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中作主語。18 【答案】where【解析】句意：我們爬上了山頂，在那里我們可以看到整個森林公園的美景。此處the top of a hill是先行詞，指地點(diǎn)，后面的非限制性定語從句中不缺主語或賓語，缺一個地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。19 【答案】to【解析】定語從句中使用

46、了固定短語“turn to sb for help”，意為“向某人求助”。根據(jù)固定短語的搭配應(yīng)用介詞to。20【答案】where【解析】句意：你是否曾經(jīng)處于一種你知道另一個人是對的，但你卻不能同意他的看法的境況？分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為situation，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where。題組二能力提升1. 【答案】 A 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：一些父母被邀請參加今年的兒童聚會，這是很大的成功。使用非限制性定語從句，先行詞是childrens party，指物，定語從句缺少賓語，用which引導(dǎo)。故選A。2. 【答案】C 【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。句意為：最親近的

47、親人的離世，正如幾乎每個人都經(jīng)歷過的，總是讓人感到痛苦不堪。此處為非限定性定語從句，故C項(xiàng)正確。3. 【答案】C 【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，此處為非限定性定語從句，連詞在從句中作主語，指代前面她被提升為她公司的主席這件事。故選C。4. 【答案】 B 【解析】考查定語從句連接詞。句意：沒有一樣成功不通過艱辛的工作；成功是只有通過大量苦干后才能賺得的東西。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞something，修飾指物的不定代詞時，只能用that，不能用which，本題中的連接詞在從句中作主語，不能省略。故選B。5. 【答案】C 【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。分析句

48、子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處為非限定性定語從句, 先行詞為詞組face with the rolling eyes, 連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語。故選C。6. 【答案】D 【解析】考查連詞。such as是固定用法，as引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語。在本題中as作表語。句意：他不再是以前的那樣了。故選D。7. 【答案】D 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句?！癶e had as a young man”位于名詞the training之后，是其定語從句，且從句缺少賓語，指代the training，用which或that；“It was the training”與“made him such a go

49、od engineer”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語the training，應(yīng)用that連接，故選D項(xiàng)。8. 【答案】 B 【解析】考查定語從句連詞。先行詞為“grammatical mistakes”，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作主語。grammatical mistakes后面還跟了一個定語從句that/ which many students make.從句中引導(dǎo)詞that或which作make的賓語，省去了。句意：事實(shí)上，許多學(xué)生所犯的語法錯誤使他們寫不出好的作文來。故選B。9. 【答案】 C 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：很多大學(xué)在網(wǎng)上分享教育資源，創(chuàng)造一種可以使終身學(xué)習(xí)者受益

50、的學(xué)習(xí)空間。使用定語從句，先行詞是learning space，指物，定語從句中缺少主語，用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選C。10. 【答案】A 【解析】考查定語從句。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，something后的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是它的定語從句，指代不定代詞something，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用that；count用作不及物動詞，表示“很重要”，count on“指望；依賴”，關(guān)系代詞that指代something，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.【答案】what which 【解析】考查定語從句。本句是含有非限制性定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞 是 your letter，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語

51、，所以此處應(yīng)用指物的 which。 2.【答案】61. whose 【解析】考查定語從句。本句為含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。先行詞 artist 是人，與paintings 為所屬關(guān)系，故填入作定語的關(guān)系代詞 whose。 3. 【答案】what that 【解析】考查定語從句。 此處考查定語從句。先行詞為 the food，不定代詞all 作其定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞 that。4.【答案】which / that 【解析】考查定語從句。關(guān)系代詞 which / that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞 the British Museum，在從句中作主語。 5.【答案】63.

52、where 【解析】此處缺少引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞。spot 作為先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，空白處所填的詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞 where。 6.【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：史密斯先生一直擁有這幅油畫，直到20世紀(jì)90年代初，他把它送給了孫子。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是theearly 1990 s，在定語從句中作時間狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選B。7【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。8. 【答案】who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大

53、學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。_3_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。9. 【答案】 that/which【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。10. 【答案】what改為that/which【解析】本句考查定語從句。先行詞environment 在從句中做主語，指物，關(guān)系代詞用that/which。故 把what改為that/whic

54、h。11. 【答案】 that/which 【答案解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。12.【答案】.B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。13. 【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了。我們在大學(xué)的時候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限定性定語從句中作名詞sist

55、er的定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故選C。14. 【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一個定語從句，先行詞是the stage，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，故選B。15. 【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞one afternoon表示時間在定語從句中作

56、狀語，所以關(guān)系詞使用when。故將where改為when。16. 【答案】where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學(xué)）更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語。故用where。17. 【答案】which改成in which或where【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pond是先行詞，其在后面的定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用in which或where。附錄資料： 冠詞考點(diǎn)與例題解析【命題解讀】冠詞是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，常出現(xiàn)在語篇型語法填空和短文改錯中。但從整套試題來看，在短文改錯、書面表達(dá)、閱讀理解等題型中對

57、冠詞的隱性考查可謂無處不在。尤其在書面表達(dá)中，冠詞的正確使用能為文章增色，而冠詞的誤用甚至少用是常見的低級錯誤，成為考生的一大失分點(diǎn)。故不論高考的考查形式如何變化，冠詞仍應(yīng)是高考復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)?！久}預(yù)測】預(yù)計2021年的高考仍然會以考查冠詞的基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配為主，以語篇型語法填空和短文改錯的形式出現(xiàn)，它可能把冠詞的各種用法結(jié)合名詞一起進(jìn)行考查?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；2.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；3.無論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指時，其前都要加定冠詞the。考向一不定冠詞1.不定冠詞有a和an

58、兩種形式。a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大學(xué)里，一個歐洲人和一個一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.一小時前，一個誠實(shí)的人接

59、受了一件非同尋常的禮物，去完成一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。2.不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.中國夢是一個改善民生的夢，是一個和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢。3.表示某種身份、職業(yè)、地位、國籍。When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.當(dāng) Ashle

60、ys一家試圖讓她回來時，Mumbet咨詢了一個叫西奧多塞奇威克的律師。4.用在人名或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時間；用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.勞駕，這個居民點(diǎn)住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎？這里有他的包裹。對不起，這兒沒有這么一個人。5.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序，而表示再一，又一。She didnt like the co