中醫(yī)英語翻譯概論課件

1、TCM Translation Theory 中醫(yī)英語翻譯理論1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.1 仿造翻譯 SL 的無等值詞匯時(shí)，用 TL 中的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞代換無等值詞匯的組成部分 (詞素 / 詞)借用英語中已有的相關(guān)單詞來表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概念肝血liver blood血虛blood deficiency活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnation1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.1 仿造句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法從陰陽翻則生，逆之翻則死。Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it le

2、ads to death.陰虛翻則熱，陽虛翻則寒。Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.2 定義化中醫(yī)術(shù)語高度凝煉，難以用同樣長(zhǎng)短的英語表達(dá)清楚翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行辨證論治diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs虛脹Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.3 詞義

3、分化同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語在不同語境下，可以有不同涵義 (一詞多義 polysemy)同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語表達(dá) (同義詞 synonymy)虛asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.3 詞義分化脾虛asthenia of the spleen (Li)spleen vacuity (Wiseman)spleen deficiency (WHO draft)*脾虛水泛hypofunction of the spleen* (Li)體虛weakness / debility1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論

4、1.3 詞義分化 (續(xù))必須考慮語境c) 脈理精微，其體難辨。精 指精深The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論1.4 拼音化當(dāng)英語無法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯氣Vital energy *Qi動(dòng)筆！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?四氣五味four properties and five tastes (Li)four natures and five f

5、lavors (Wiseman)滋陰降火nourishing yin to reduce fireenriching yin and downbearing fire2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難2.1 詞匯缺口 (lexical gap)翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好五行five elements, five phases, wuxing命門gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen三焦three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiao五臟five solid organ

6、s, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-visceras, wuzang2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難2.2 理解偏差歷時(shí)、文化因素，使得術(shù)語理解困難失笑散Powder for Lost Smiles*Sudden Smile Powder黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine *(Huangdis) Canon of MedicineHuangdis Classics on MedicineHuangdis Internal ClassicHuangdi Neijing2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅素問Plain Q

7、uestions, Elementary Questions靈樞Miraculous Pivot, Pivotal Axis, Magic Pivot類經(jīng)Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic,Classified Canon難經(jīng)Difficult Classic*, Classic on Medical Problems*Classic of Difficult Issues傷寒雜病論Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous DiseasesOn Cold Damage and Miscellaneous

8、 Diseases金匱要略Synopsis of Golden ChamberImportant Strategies from the Golden ChestEssential Prescription of the Golden Coffer2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)Shen Nongs Herbal, The HerbalThe Canon on Medicinal HerbsDivine Husbandmans Herbal Foundation Canon本草綱目Compendium of Materia MedicaComprehensive Herbal Fo

9、undation本草備要Essentials of Materia MedicaEssential Herbal Foundation瀕湖脈學(xué)The Pulse Studies of Bin-huBin-hu Sphygmology2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅 (續(xù))時(shí)病論On Seasonal Diseases傅青主女科Fu Qing-zhus Obstetrics and Gynecology洗冤集錄Instruction to CoronersRecords of Redressing Wronged Cases外臺(tái)祕(mì)要Medical Secrets of an Official

10、*Secret Prescriptions Collected when Off-Duty *Essential Secrets from Outside the Metropolis *Essential Secrets from the Imperial Library3 中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐3.1 借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語動(dòng)筆！心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆palpitationconstipationloose / sloppy stoolenuresis / incontinence*jaundiceanorexia*, poor appetite / torpid intake3 中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐3.2 直譯動(dòng)

11、筆！陰陽失調(diào)脾失健運(yùn)肝不藏血胃失和降腎陽不足yin-yang disharmony / imbalance between yin and yangspleen failing to move and transform / dysfunction of spleen; failure of spleen in transportationliver failing to store blood / inability of the liver to store bloodimpaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach / failure of g

12、astric qi to descendinsufficiency of kidney yang / insufficiency of renal yang3 中醫(yī)翻譯實(shí)踐3.3 意譯天行赤眼acute contagious conjunctivitis vs.heaven-current red eye纏腰火丹herpes zoster around the waist vs.girdling fire cinnabar子盜母氣child-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs.child steals the mothers qi3 中醫(yī)翻

13、譯實(shí)踐3.4 音意結(jié)合元?dú)鈖rimordial qi, original qi, congenital qi正氣healthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital qi宗氣pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi中氣gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi營(yíng)氣nutrient qi, construction qi腎氣kidney-qi, renal qi*三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦，是中醫(yī)學(xué)臟腑學(xué)說中一個(gè)特有的名詞。The term, triple war

14、mer, is peculiar to TCM.三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。It is a collective name of the upper, middle and lower warmer and is one of the six bowels.關(guān)於三焦的型態(tài)與實(shí)質(zhì)，中醫(yī)界眾說紛紜，至今尚無定論。In the field of TCM, no unanimous conclusion has been drawn about the form and crux of the triple warmer.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)一般認(rèn)為

15、，三焦是包羅人體所有內(nèi)臟的一個(gè)大臟，It is generally recognized that “triple warmer” is a large bowel containing all the internal organs.如明張介賓說：三焦者，確有一腑，蓋臟腑之外，軀殼之內(nèi)，包羅諸臟，一腔之大腑也。For instance, Zhang Jiebin, a medical man in the Ming dynasty, said, “Triple warmer is, in fact, a bowel. It is outside all the viscera and bow

16、els but within the body, contains all the other organs and is the largest bowel within the body cavity.”三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)在中醫(yī)理論中，三焦也是劃分軀體部位的一個(gè)概念。In the theory of TCM the term “triple warmer” is also used to locate the body parts.即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、腎、大小腸、膀胱、女子胞

17、等。The upper warmer is the portion of the body cavity above the diaphragm which houses the heart and the lung. The middle warmer is the portion between the diaphragm and umbilicus (navel) which houses the spleen and the stomach. The lower warmer is the portion below the umbilicus which houses the liv

18、er, the kidney, the urinary bladder, the intestines and the uterus.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦的生理功能，總的來說，是總司人體氣化。Generally speaking, the physiological functions of triple warmer control the activities of the qi of the human body.分開來說，上焦主呼吸、主宣發(fā) (實(shí)指心、肺的功能)，即把積於胸中的氣宣布、布達(dá)全身，若霧露之溉，故稱上焦如霧；The upper wa

19、rmer controls respiration, and activates the flow of vital energy, blood and body fluid (referring to, in fact, the functions of the heart and lung), i.e., it disperses pectoral qi accumulated in the chest to all parts of the body just as fog and dew moisten the earth. This is why TCM says that “The

20、 upper warmer is like a sprinkler for distributing nutrients and qi.”三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)動(dòng)筆！中焦主運(yùn) (實(shí)指脾、胃的功能)，即腐熟水谷，運(yùn)化精微，以化氣血，故喻之為中焦如漚；The middle warmer functions in transportation and transformation (referring to in fact, the functions of the spleen and stomach), i.e. it ferments water and f

21、ood and transports and transforms food essence in order to produce vital energy and blood. Therefore, it is likened to a fermentation tun, where food is digested.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦的這些生理功能，實(shí)際上是體內(nèi)各臟腑功能的總合。In fact, all these physiological functions of the triple warmer are the sum total of

22、 the activities of all the viscera and bowels in the body.在病理上，上、中、下三焦異常所出現(xiàn)的病證，實(shí)際上也是各部位臟腑功能的異常表現(xiàn)。Pathologically, diseases (disease patterns) due to an abnormality of upper, or middle, or lower warmer are manifestations of dysfunctions of the viscera or bowels within it.肺與脾The relationship between th

23、e lung and the spleenPhysiologically, two aspects are involved in the relationship between the lung and the spleen.The lung and the spleen are physiologically related in two ways.One is the production of the pectoral qi.The lung is responsible for inhaling fresh air and the spleen for absorbing food

24、 nutrients through transportation and transformation.The accumulation of the fresh air and food nutrients in the chest eventually transforms into the pectoral qi.肺與脾The relationship between the lung and the spleenThus the normal function of the lung and the spleen are prerequisite to sufficient prod

25、uction of the pectoral qi.Normal functioning of the lung and the spleen are thus essential for sufficient production of (the) pectoral qi.Sufficient production of (the) pectoral qi depends on the normal functioning of the lung and the spleen.The other is the metabolism of fluid.The other involves the metabolism of fluid.肺與脾The relationship between the lung and the spleenThe spleen absorbs and transports water and the lung distributes water to all parts of the body, both of which are important to the met