2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號71

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The foreman read the（ ）of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.問題1選項A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項prejudice“偏見，成見”；B選項verification“檢驗，檢查，審核”；C選項verdict“（陪審團的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過檢驗或認

2、真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個被告一份。2.單選題（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.問題1選項A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項late“晚的”；B選項later“后來的，以后，其后”；C選項latter“（剛提及的兩者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D選項lately“最近，近來”

3、。根據(jù)have observed可知句子為現(xiàn)在完成時，因此選D。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們觀察到供水中的污染增加了。3.單選題It is well known that the retired workers in our country are （ ）free medical care.問題1選項A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項 entitled to“有權(quán)享有，有資格”；B選項involved in“涉及”；C選項associated with“參加，與有關(guān)”；D選項assign

4、ed to“被分配給”。根據(jù)free medical care（免費醫(yī)療）可知A選項符合語境。句意：眾所周知，我國退休職工享有免費醫(yī)療。4.單選題I second Mr. Smiths motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.問題1選項A.set upB.have to set upC.are to set upD.may set up【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在英語中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的motion表示

5、“提議”，其后是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，因此選A。句意：我贊成史密斯先生的提議，即我們成立一個專門委員會來審查這個問題。5.單選題It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans, life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression contr

6、olled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatne

7、ss of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything t

8、hat can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U

9、.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond

10、 a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”，so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s

11、 and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention wor

12、ks and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful

13、. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.1.What i

14、s implied in the first sentence?2.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that（ ）.3.The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of（ ）.4.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care（ ）.5.The text intends to express the idea that（ ）.問題1選項A.America

15、ns are better prepared for death than other peopleB.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever beforeC.Americans are over-confident of their medical technologyD.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy問題2選項A.medical resources are often wastedB.some treatments are too aggressive

16、C.doctors are helpless against fatal diseasesD.medical costs are becoming unaffordable問題3選項A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.Slight contemptD.enthusiastic support問題4選項A.more flexiblyB.more extravagantlyC.more cautiouslyD.more reasonably問題5選項A.medicine will further prolong peoples livesB.life b

17、eyond a certain limit is not worth livingC.death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD.excessive demands increase the cost of health care【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.（據(jù)說在英國死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死

18、亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亞死亡是可選擇的）以及其后介紹的醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進步，使美國人在過去的一個世紀(jì)里，預(yù)期壽命幾乎翻了一翻，因此C選項“美國人對他們的醫(yī)療技術(shù)過于自信”符合題意。2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Death is normal.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer

19、 care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.（死亡是正常的我們要求一切可以為我們做的事情，即使它是無用的。最明顯的例子是晚期癌癥護理。醫(yī)生們因無法治愈疾病而感到沮喪，并且擔(dān)心病人失去希望，他們常常采用遠遠超出科學(xué)依據(jù)的極端治療）可知A選項“醫(yī)療資源經(jīng)常被浪費”符合題意。

20、3.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的觀點是the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way”（年老體弱的人有義務(wù)死亡，以免擋住道路）。由第四段中的I would not go that far.As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.（我不會走這么遠作為一個只有68歲的人，我希望能像他們一樣富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的I know the most costly and dramatic mea

21、sures may be ineffective and painful. we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures（我知道最昂貴和最戲劇性的措施可能是無效和痛苦的我們可能為尋求不太可能治愈的方法提供了過多的資金）可推測作者基本同意Lamm的觀點，但仍然有所保留，因此選B。4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, he

22、althier lives than we have.（我還知道，日本和瑞典的人們在醫(yī)療上花費更少，他們的壽命比我們的更長，更健康）可知D選項“更合理”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出盡管有一個偉大的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我們卻想盡一切方法來延緩生命；第三段提出醫(yī)療資源不應(yīng)該被浪費在一些沒有挽救意義的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有價值的；第五段指出壽命的長短，依靠的不僅僅是醫(yī)療資源，應(yīng)該合理使用。故本文旨在說明人們要勇于接受死亡，因此C選項“死亡應(yīng)該被接受為生活中的事實”符合題意。6.翻譯題Read the following paragra

23、ph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.When the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, causes, or elements, it is through acquaintance with these that knowledge and understanding is attained. For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its prima

24、ry causes or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its elements. Plainly, therefore, in the science of nature too our first task will be to try to determine what relates to its principles. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear

25、 to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature, for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification. So we must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards what is clearer and more

26、 knowable by nature. Now what is to us plain and clear at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.【答案】在任何領(lǐng)域，當(dāng)研究對象有其存在的原理、因素或元素時，只有通過了解這些事物，才能獲得知識和理解。因為只有當(dāng)我們知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并對其組成元素進行進一步分析時，我們才可以稱我們了解該事物。因此，很明顯，在自然科學(xué)中，我們的首要任務(wù)將是設(shè)法確定各原理之

27、間的聯(lián)系。這樣做的自然方式是從對我們來說更清晰易知的事物開始，然后延伸至本質(zhì)上更加清晰易知的事物，因為對我們來說，同樣事物的可知性并不是相當(dāng)?shù)?，并且也不是沒有限制的。因此，我們必須遵循這一方法，從本質(zhì)上模糊但對自己來說更加清楚的事物，發(fā)展到本質(zhì)上既清晰又易知的事物中去?，F(xiàn)在對我們來說，最簡單明了的事物對大眾來說是十分疑惑，其要素和原理可以通過后期的分析而為人們所了解。7.單選題There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge

28、in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nyl

29、on and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individual

30、s and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm,cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to im

31、prove our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research,

32、 we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industr

33、ies as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter ou

34、r longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competiti

35、ve industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation a risky and expensive budget item might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monop

36、olistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giant

37、s faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, inve

38、sting in innovation in order to expand their market shares.The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation

39、.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century（ ）.3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?4.With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most

40、 likely to agree?5.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors main point?問題1選項A.advocate an increase in government support of organized industrial researchB.point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopol

41、istic power in industryC.describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovationD.show that Americas strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness問題2選項A.were produced largely as a result of governmental support for military weapons re

42、search and developmentB.came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopolistic industriesC.were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teamsD.have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates問題3選項A.Expenditures for various aspects of research are listed.B

43、.Reasons for supporting monopolistic power are given and then questioned.C.Arguments are presented for minimizing competitive bidding for research.D.Resources necessary for research are defined.問題4選項A.Monopolistic power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B.Governmental expenditure for m

44、ilitary research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.C.Industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change than smaller firms do.D.Firms with a small share of the market aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old

45、capital equipment.問題5選項A.In the last decade, conglomerates have significantly increased their research budgets for defense technology.B.Tax restructuring permits smaller firms to write off a larger percentage of profits against research.C.A ten-year study of the extent of resources devoted to resear

46、ch by smaller enterprises reveals a steady decline.D.Military research is being directed more extensively to space technology than to short-range missiles.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段首句提出There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an eq

47、uivalent surge in industrial research.（人們普遍認為，大型工業(yè)的出現(xiàn)伴隨著等量工業(yè)研究發(fā)明的出現(xiàn)）這個觀點，緊接著用一項調(diào)查結(jié)果進行反駁；第二段解釋了人們普遍這樣認為的理由，然后又對解釋進行否定；第三段指出小公司比大型企業(yè)在新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品和創(chuàng)新投資方面更有積極性；最后一段簡短地概括大型企業(yè)所處的壓力競爭。因此B選項“指出關(guān)于工業(yè)研究程度與工業(yè)壟斷力量增長之間關(guān)系的一種常見誤解”符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the cent

48、ury reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone（最近一項對世紀(jì)之交以來重要發(fā)明的研究表明，半數(shù)以上的發(fā)明是個人獨立工作的產(chǎn)物）可知C選項“獨立發(fā)明家產(chǎn)生的發(fā)明成果至少和研究團隊產(chǎn)生的成果一樣”符合題意。3.推理判斷題。文章第二段解釋了人們普遍誤解的理由，然后又對其解釋進行否定。因此B選項“給出了支持壟斷權(quán)力的理由，并對其進行了質(zhì)疑”符合題意。4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的By contrast, small firms undeterred by large inve

49、stments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.（相比之下，小公司不被工廠和資本設(shè)備的大規(guī)模投資所嚇倒，往往積極追求新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴大市場份額）可知D選項“市場份額很小的公司積極地追求創(chuàng)新，因為它們沒有被舊的固定設(shè)備所束縛”符合題意。5.推理判斷題。作者的主要觀點為：大企業(yè)的發(fā)展與企業(yè)的研究程度不是人們普遍認

50、為等量發(fā)展關(guān)系，相反，小企業(yè)比大企業(yè)在新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品和創(chuàng)新投資方面更有積極性。因此 C選項“一項為期10年的對小型企業(yè)用于研究的投資程度顯示，這一數(shù)字在穩(wěn)步下降”符合題意。8.單選題People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and（ ）.問題1選項A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vivacious“可愛的，活潑的”；B選項perilous“冒險的，危險的”；C選項introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往

51、的”；D選項lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。9.單選題（ ）, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.問題1選項A.Other things being equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Ot

52、her things to be equal【答案】A【解析】考查獨立主格。空格處的主語為other things，主句的主語不一致，故為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，other things與其謂語動詞是主動的關(guān)系，因此謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，選A。other things being equal在句中作狀語表示條件“如果其它方面都一樣的話”。句意：如果其它方面都一樣的話，一個能有效表達自己的人肯定比一個語言能力差的人成功得更快。10.單選題One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come

53、 about（ ）.問題1選項A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項accordingly“照著，相應(yīng)地，因此”；B選項accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C選項artificially“人工的，人造的”；D選項additionally“此外”?？崭裉幐痹~修飾動詞，B選項符合語境。句意：關(guān)于科學(xué)的錯誤觀念之一是許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)生的。11.單選題She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（ ）this mor

54、ning.問題1選項A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項insane“精神失常的，精神錯亂的”；B選項lucid“表達清楚的，頭腦清晰的，清醒的”；C選項patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D選項messy“骯臟的，凌亂的”。由but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）可知空格處與前面的delirious（極度亢奮的，精神錯亂的）意思相反，因此選B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。12.單選題（ ）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has

55、been proved.問題1選項A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項theoretically“理論地，理論上”；B選項presumably“據(jù)推測，很可能，大概”；C選項incredibly“極其，難以置信地”；D選項practically“實際上，幾乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已證實的那樣）可知前面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一種猜測比較符合邏輯，即證實推測。句意：據(jù)推測，過度食用油炸食品會造成嚴(yán)重后果，這已被證實。13.單選題Some of the online ser

56、vices are free, while others（ ） a charge.問題1選項A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運送，攜帶”；B選項cashier“開除，解雇”；C選項coincide“同時發(fā)生，相符，一致”；D選項collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示對比關(guān)系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在線服務(wù)是免費的）可知其它一些是收費的，因此選D。句意：有些在線服務(wù)是免費的，有些則收取費用。14.單選題When she saw the

57、clouds she went back to the house to （ ）her umbrella.問題1選項A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運，多指用人力；B選項fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠及近；D選項reach“到達”。根據(jù)選項的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。15.單選題If the building project（ ）by

58、the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.問題1選項A.being completedB.is completedC.to be completedD.completed【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞。從句中已有謂語動詞is delayed，空格處為非謂語動詞，排除B選項。A選項being completed表示正在進行的被動；C選項to be completed表示將來的被動；D選項completed表示一般被動。根據(jù)by the end of this month（到本月底）可知此處是

59、對將來的假設(shè)，因此選C。句意：如果這個建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的計劃被推遲，該建筑公司將被罰款。16.單選題Neither of the two parties（ ）able to solve the problems of the poor.問題1選項A.areB.isC.have beenD.will have been【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致。neither of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。此處表示兩個政黨中沒有哪一個能解決窮人的問題，此處是對客觀事實的表述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，因此選B。句意：這兩個政黨都不能解決窮人的問題。17.單選題Your advice would be

60、（ ）valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.問題1選項A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項excessively“過度地”；C選項extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項符合語境。句意：你的建議對他來說是非常寶貴的，因為他現(xiàn)在束手無策。18.單選題When Privacy Internati