考研考博-英語(yǔ)-國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear（）thanautomobileaccidents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sevenmoretimes

B.overseventimes

C.seventimesmore

D.seventimes

【答案】C

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。由句意可知，吸煙對(duì)個(gè)人健康的危害如此之大，每年導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)是汽車(chē)事故的7倍。而倍數(shù)的常用表達(dá)形式為：A+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+B，由此可知，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Inherlong,butultimatelytriumphantcareer,shehasbeenforcedtosmugglebirthcontrolsuppliesunderherclothing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forceful

B.insightful

C.successful

D.influential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forceful“強(qiáng)有力的；有說(shuō)服力的”；B選項(xiàng)insightful“有深刻見(jiàn)解的，富有洞察力的”；C選項(xiàng)successful“成功的；一帆風(fēng)順的”；D選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的；有勢(shì)力的”。句意：在她漫長(zhǎng)但最終……職業(yè)生涯中，她被迫在衣服下走私節(jié)育用品。前面一部分都是用來(lái)形容career“職業(yè)生涯”long“漫長(zhǎng)的”，在一個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯中不可能永遠(yuǎn)是一帆風(fēng)順的，中途也會(huì)遇到挫折。butultimately“但是最終”有轉(zhuǎn)折可以知道最后的結(jié)果是美好的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Ihavelongbelievedthattroublebetweentheracesisseldomwhatitappearstobe.Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.AndIthinkpartofourconcernoveritcomesfromthefactthatithasthefeelofarelapse,illnessgoneandcomeagain.Butifweareseeingthesamesymptoms,Idon’tbelievewearedealingwiththesameillness.Foronething,Ithinkracialtensiononcampusistheresultmoreofracialequalitythaninequality.

HowtolivewithracialdifferencehasbeenAmerica’sprofoundsocialproblem.Forthefirst100yearsorsofollowingemancipationitwascontrolledbyalegallyapprovedinequalitythatactedasabufferbetweentheraces.Nolongeristhisthecase.Oncampusestoday,asthroughoutsociety,blacksenjoyequalityunderthelaw—aprofoundsocialadvancement.Nostudentmaybekeptoutofaclassoradormitoryoranextracurricularactivitybecauseofhisorherrace.Butthereisaparadoxhere.Onacampuswheremembersofallracesaregathered,mixedtogetherintheclassroomaswellassocially,differencesaremoreexposedthanever.Andthisiswherethetroublestarts.Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.Thesefeelingscouldliehiddeninthehome,infamiliarneighborhoods,insimplerdaysofchildhood.Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.Onourcampuses,suchconcentratedmicro-societies,allthatremainsunresolvedbetweenblacksandwhites,alltheoldwoundsandshamesthathaveneverbeenaddressed,presentthemselvesforattention-andpresentouryouthwithpressurestheycannotalwayshandle.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,（）.

2.Nowadaysracialtensiononcampusmostprobablystartswith（）.

3.Thephrase“comingintotheirown’’onLine8ofParagraph2probablymeans（）.

4.Whenyoungadultsentercollegeforthefirsttime,（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavemisunderstoodthecausesofracialtension

B.peopledon’tunderstandthecausesofracialtension

C.racialtensionkeepsthesametypicalpatterninhistory

D.racialtensiononcampusisthesameasracialtensioninsociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequality

B.suddenawarenessofracialdifferences

C.whiteracism

D.racialinteractionandcompetition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.enteringtheirownhomes

B.showingtheirownvalues

C.enteringtheirowncolleges

D.havingtheirownproblems

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theybringfreedomandexplorationtocampus

B.theysufferfromracialinequalityanddifferences

C.theybringwiththemfear,anxietyandotherfeelings

D.theysufferfromcompetitionsinbigexams

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequalityinAmericansociety

B.racialtensioninAmericansociety

C.racialequalityoncampusandinsociety

D.thecausesofracialtensiononcampus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.校園種族矛盾與美國(guó)永恒的種族沖突的經(jīng)典模式-白人種族主義與黑人抗議是相同的?！笨芍N矛盾在歷史上有相同的模式。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人們誤解了種族緊張的原因”以及B項(xiàng)“人們不理解種族緊張的原因”是對(duì)“Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.在我第一次與學(xué)生交談后，不難看出校園里的種族緊張是一個(gè)誤傳自身的問(wèn)題?！钡那狻項(xiàng)文中未提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.但大學(xué)校園,因其結(jié)構(gòu)為社交和成人水平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)——大型考試，宿舍，“大量混合”是另一回事。我認(rèn)為校園種族主義源于種族差異和校園環(huán)境之間的摩擦，校園本身致力于社交和平等?？芍缃裥@種族矛盾是源于社交和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttime…對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué)…由此可知年輕人是第一次離開(kāi)家進(jìn)入大學(xué)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué),他們給這個(gè)自由，探索和平等的地方帶來(lái)了深深的恐懼和焦慮，以及還未完全發(fā)展的種族羞恥感，憤怒和內(nèi)疚感?！笨芍贻p人第一次進(jìn)入大學(xué)時(shí)，他們帶去了恐懼，憤怒，內(nèi)疚等感情。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要分析了校園種族矛盾的原因，即在一個(gè)微型的社會(huì)里（校園里）種族平等使以前未解決的問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在更加明顯地暴露出來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Notuntilthe1850s（

）inNewYorkseektorescuehistoricbuildingsfromdevastationoralteration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.didsomeconcernedcitizens

C.somecitizensconcerned

D.whensomeconcernedcitizensdid

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：直到19世紀(jì)50年代，在紐約，一些憂(yōu)心忡忡的市民開(kāi)始尋求使歷史文物免遭毀壞或改變的方法。當(dāng)notuntil位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)前。

5.單選題

WhenUseHaddasoldherroomy,threebedroomhouseayearagotomoveintoatwo-bedroomcondoinBerkeley,California,shestruggledtoarrangeheroldfurnitureinhernewspace.Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway.Nothingseemedtowork.Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming.Shecouldn’tfindspaceforherfavoriteleatherchairandtheotherfurnituregroupedaroundthelivingroomfireplace.Inanalcoveoffthemasterbedroom,herdeskfeltoutofplaceandgotinthewayofthein-wallironingboard."Iwasfrustratedbecauseitlookedawful,shesays.

Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers.

It'snotasstrangeasitsounds.Real-estateagentsoftenrecommendthatsellershireahomestager(alsoknownasreal-estateenhancer)towhiskthroughtheirhomesand"neutralize"thembeforetheygoonthemarket.When"stagingtosell,"ahomestager,sometimeswiththehelpofateam,stashesawaypersonalitems(yourcollectionofantiquedolls,forexample,orthemodelboatonthemantel);repaintsaggressivelycoloredwalls,andrearrangesfurnitureandaccessoriestodrawattentiontoahome'sbestfeatures."Stagingtolive,"asit'scalled,isthelogicalnextstep.Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome.Butthistime,insteadofseekingtodepersonalizeyourabode,theemphasisisonorganizing,decluttering,andrearrangingto"de-stress"theenvironment,saysBarbSchwarz,who'sbeenstaginghomesformorethan30yearsandfoundedtheInternationalAssociationofHomeStagingProfessionalsfouryearsago.

"It'svisualtherapy,"saysSchwarz."It'saboutfine-tuningaspacetoimproveitsenergyandtheflowfromroomtoroom,"shesays.Schwarzestimatesthatabout40percentofherstaging-to-sellclientsaskhertostagetheirnewhomes.

Stagingisalsoaboutgettingridoffamiliarobjectsthathomeownersareoverlyattachedto,saysinteriordesignerPatMcMillan,coauthorofHomeDecoratingforDummies.Astager"canbebrutallyhonest"aboutdisposingofclutterandrelegatingtattyfamilyheirloomstothecloset.

Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield,throughathree-daycourseatoneofSchwarz'sStagingUniversitytrainingprogramswhichcoverssuchtopicsastrafficpatterns,furniturearrangement,and"familylifestyle”,earnsgraduatestherighttocallthemselvesAccreditedStagingProfessionals.Feesvarywidelybuttypicallyrunabout$75anhour.Dependingonthenumberofrooms,thetotalfeetostageahomemayrangeanywherefrom$750to$3,0000,saysSchwarz.

1.Thesentence"Nothingseemedtowok"(Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

3.Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thestagerfieldistheoneinwhich?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.herfurniturelosttheirfunctionsfortheirnewarrangement

B.shehadlostherjobandhadnothingtodo

C.herfurnitureweretoooldtobeusedanylonger

D.shedidn'tlikeherfurnitureanymorefortheirawfullooking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Onehomestagerisenoughtodoalltheworks.

B.Thestagerstrytheirbesttopreventthehousefrombeingsold.

C.Personalitemsofthehomeownerwillbeusedtodrawattention.

D.Wallswithinappropriatecolorswillberepainted.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.stagingtoliveisacertainstepforallthe"stagingtosell"clients.

B.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsorganizetheirnewhouses.

C.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsselltheirnewhouses.

D.stagingtolivecostsmuchmorethanthestepof“stagingtosell”.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.anyonecanbuyasatisfyinghousefrom

B.anyonecanearnalotofmoney

C.anyonecanhaveatry

D.anyonecanstartatrainingcompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“句子‘沒(méi)有什么看起來(lái)發(fā)揮了作用’可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾經(jīng)擺放在一起的成套的家具現(xiàn)在卻不再按照以前的方式擺放了（Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway）；第四句提到她的七個(gè)大型的木制書(shū)柜被擺放在客廳里面，使它們看起來(lái)不協(xié)調(diào)并且占了大量的空間（Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming），因此可知選項(xiàng)A“重新擺放后的家具失去了作用”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)第三段可知下列哪句話(huà)是正確的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)找一個(gè)理家老手來(lái)幫她去掉房子之前的印記，以便吸引潛在買(mǎi)家（Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“不合適的墻面顏色需要重新刷油漆”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“從第三段可推斷出什么？”文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話(huà)提到在見(jiàn)識(shí)到了理家老手的高超手段后，他們會(huì)再次雇傭理家老手去打理他們的新家（Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，理家行業(yè)怎么樣？”文章最后一段第一句話(huà)提到每個(gè)人都可以嘗試在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展（Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

LibbyliedtoinvestigatorsabouthisroleindisclosingtheidentityofaCIAofficerinorderto_______theWhiteHousefrompoliticalembarrassment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aviate

B.recover

C.berate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】aviate飛行；recover重新獲得，恢復(fù)；berate嚴(yán)責(zé)，申斥；insulate使絕緣，隔離。句意：在揭露一名中情局官員的身份時(shí)，利比向調(diào)查人員隱瞞了自己的任務(wù)，目的是讓白宮不會(huì)陷人政治困境。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Afterawholeday’sheavywork，theoldworkerreturnedhome,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hungryandfeltexhausting

B.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

D.hungryandexhausted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。題干的主語(yǔ)是theoldworker,空格處填兩個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)前一句“在一天的勞累工作之后”可知這個(gè)老工人是饑餓并且疲憊的。exhausting使筋疲力盡的；exhausted疲憊的。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：在經(jīng)歷一天的勞累工作后，這個(gè)老工人帶著饑餓和疲憊回家了。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thereisaquestion,however,thatmustbeansweredbeforethissynthesisisattempted,namely,whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?Itiseasytobemisledinthisrespect.Muchofoursocialbehaviorisautomatic.Somemaybeinstinctive,thatis,organicallydetermined.Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.Thus,acriticalexaminationofwhatisgenerallyvalidforallhumanityandwhatisspecificallyvalidfordifferentculturaltypescomestobeamatterofgreatconcerntostudentsofsociety.Thisisoneoftheproblemsthatinduceustolayparticularstressuponthestudyofculturethatarehistoricallyaslittleaspossiblerelatedtoourown.Theirstudyenablesustodeterminethosetendenciesthatarecommontoallmankindandthosebelongingtospecifichumansocietiesonly.

Anothervistaopensifweaskourselveswhetherthecharacteristicsofhumansocietyareevenmorewidelydistributedandfoundalsointheanimalworld.Relationsofindividualsorofgroupsofindividualsmaybelookedatfromthreepointsofview:relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworld,relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup,andwhat,forlackofabetterterm,maybedesignatedassubjectivelyconditionedrelations.Imeanbythistermthoseattitudesthatarisegraduallybygivingvaluesandmeaningstoactivities,asgoodorbad,rightorwrong,beautifulorugly,purposiveorcausallydetermined.Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtainingofsustenance,protectionagainstrigoroftheclimate,andgeographicallimitationsofvariedkinds.Therelationsofmembersamongthesamesocialgroupincludetherelationofsexes,habitsofformingsocialgroupsandtheirforms.Obviously,thesephasesofhumanlifearesharedbyanimals.Theirfoodrequirementsarebiologicallydeterminedandadjustedtothegeographicalenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Acquisitionandstorageoffoodarefoundamonganimalsaswellasinman.Theneedofprotectionagainstclimateandenemiesisalsooperativeinanimalsociety,andadjustmenttotheseneedsintheformofnestsordensiscommon.Nolessaretherelationsbetweenmembersofsocialgroupspresentinanimallife,foranimalsocietiesofvariedstructureoccur.Itappears,therefore,thataconsiderablefieldofsocialphenomenadoesnotbyanymeansbelongtomanalonebutissharedbytheanimalworld,andthequestionsmustbeasked:whattraitsarecommontohumanandanimalsocieties?

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Oursocialbehavioris（）.

2.Whyissocialbehaviordifficulttochange?

3.Inordertoanswerthequestion:“whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?”wehavetoemphasizeonthestudyof（）.

4.Thethreepointsofviewthatindicatetherelationsofindividualsare（）.

5.Formthedefinitionsofthethreepointsofview,accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morebasedonlearnedreactionsthannaturaltendency

B.moreinherentlydeterminedthanearlyimpressed

C.morespontaneousthaninborn

D.morebasedoninherentthanconstitutionalbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.One’sbehaviorisinbornsothatnothingcanbedoneaboutit.

B.One’sbehaviorisinstinctivesothathe/shecan’tactdifferently.

C.One’sbehavioristaughtfromchildhoodsothatitisfixedasnormalinhis/herchildhood.

D.Ifoneneverchangeshis/hergeographicaldwelling,his/hersocialbehaviorcanneverbechanged.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.humanbehavior

B.humanorgans

C.culture

D.environment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.relationscharacterizedbynaturaldevelopment;relationsthatareculturallydetermined;sociallyacceptedbehavioramongthegroup

B.relationstonaturalandunnaturalworld;relationsamongpeople;conditionedrelations

C.relationstoorganicandinorganicouterworld;relationsamonghumanbehavior;objectivelyconditionedrelations

D.relationstolivingenvironment;relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup;subjectivelyconditionedrelations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.conditionedrelationsareacquired

B.relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworldareinstinctive

C.relationsamongmembersorthesamesocialgrouparelearned

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.更多的是建立在條件反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也就是說(shuō)，條件反應(yīng)是由長(zhǎng)期的和早期的情況所決定的，我們不再意識(shí)到行為的特征，通常也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到不同行為的存在或可能性?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“更多的是基于習(xí)得的反應(yīng)，而不是自然傾向”；B項(xiàng)“更多的是內(nèi)在的決心而不是早期的印象”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“自發(fā)的多于天生的”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“更多地基于天生而不是本質(zhì)的行為”，與原文不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.更多的是建立在條件反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也就是說(shuō)，條件反應(yīng)是由長(zhǎng)期的和早期的情況所決定的，我們不再意識(shí)到行為的特征，通常也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到不同行為的存在或可能性。”可推知C項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是與生俱來(lái)的，因此沒(méi)有什么可以改變它?！保c原文不符；B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是本能的，所以他/她不會(huì)有不同的行為。”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是從小就被教導(dǎo)的，因此在他/她的童年就被固定下來(lái)，作為正常的行為?！保籇項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)不改變他/她的居住地，他/她的社會(huì)行為也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變?！保c原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Theirstudyenablesustodeterminethosetendenciesthatarecommontoallmankindandthosebelongingtospecifichumansocietiesonly.他們的研究使我們能夠確定哪些傾向是全人類(lèi)共有的，哪些只屬于特定的人類(lèi)社會(huì)?！笨赏浦狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)行為”；B項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)器官”；C項(xiàng)“文化”；D項(xiàng)“環(huán)境”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。最后一段中提及的三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworld、relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup和conditionedrelations（有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系、同一社會(huì)群體成員之間的關(guān)系和條件關(guān)系），B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合題干要求，所以A項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“以自然發(fā)展為特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系；由文化決定的關(guān)系；群體間被社會(huì)所接受的行為”；B項(xiàng)“與自然和非自然世界的關(guān)系；人們之間的關(guān)系；條件關(guān)系”，與題意不符；C項(xiàng)“與外部世界有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)的關(guān)系；人類(lèi)行為的關(guān)系；客觀條件的關(guān)系”，與題意不符；D項(xiàng)“與生活環(huán)境的關(guān)系；同一社會(huì)群體成員之間的關(guān)系；主觀條件關(guān)系”，與題意不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Imeanbythistermthoseattitudesthatarisegraduallybygivingvaluesandmeaningstoactivities…我用這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)意指那些通過(guò)賦予活動(dòng)價(jià)值和意義而逐漸產(chǎn)生的態(tài)度……”，可知A項(xiàng)“條件關(guān)系是獲得的”與原文相符；由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtainingofsustenance,protectionagainstrigoroftheclimate,andgeographicallimitationsofvariedkinds.與有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系主要是通過(guò)獲得食物、抵御嚴(yán)酷的氣候和各種地理限制來(lái)建立的?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“與有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系是本能的”與原文相符；最后一段提到“Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtaining…”，即成員與群體間的關(guān)系是習(xí)得的，C選項(xiàng)正確。所以D項(xiàng)“以上各選項(xiàng)”正確。A項(xiàng)“條件關(guān)系是獲得的”；B項(xiàng)“與有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系是本能的”；C項(xiàng)“成員或同一社會(huì)群體之間的關(guān)系是習(xí)得的”；D項(xiàng)“以上各選項(xiàng)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國(guó)正處于一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長(zhǎng)、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報(bào)率的下降給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了新的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力總量預(yù)期今年達(dá)到最高峰，然后開(kāi)始一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的減少，而到2050年中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模可能減少16%。到2030年，中國(guó)的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動(dòng)力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達(dá)到47%。而中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會(huì)比日本或美國(guó)等國(guó)家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

10.單選題

Ifyouwantthispain-killer,you’llhavetoaskthedoctorfora（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.receipt

B.recipe

C.subscription

D.prescription

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果你想要這個(gè)止疼藥，你將不得不向醫(yī)生要一個(gè)藥方。

考查名詞辨析。receipt收據(jù)，收條，接收，收到;recipe食譜，秘訣;subscription捐獻(xiàn)，訂閱，簽署；prescription藥方，指示，慣例。根據(jù)前半句句意“如果你想要這個(gè)止疼藥”可知D符合句意。

11.問(wèn)答題

Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.

【答案】C；改成mustbedeemedworthyof。worthyof…值得…的

12.單選題

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈論的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第2題:語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介紹了一些全新的東西。他引起了理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的注意。他們把博弈論變成了一種工具。由此可知，這里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”離婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯頓。而不是送了一套房子給他，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世紀(jì)50年代的心理學(xué)家們聲稱(chēng)，他妻子的懷孕讓他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。但原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這是導(dǎo)致他精神崩潰的原因，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”雖然英文表達(dá)為感嘆句，但其實(shí)這里應(yīng)該翻譯為：將責(zé)任歸因于一位因精神崩潰的丈夫而背負(fù)巨大壓力的女性真的好嗎？潛在意思是說(shuō)，這是不公平的，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)D正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后幾句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”與此同時(shí)，博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具。相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意義的研究成果。最后，Nash獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。由此可知，是因?yàn)镹ash的博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具，所以他獲得的是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是Nash的一生。他雖然精通數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，但他獲得的卻是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。所以選項(xiàng)A和B錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D“講述Nash是如何戰(zhàn)勝精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

13.單選題

ThebiggestcomputercompanyinSiliconValleyhaslaidoffhundredsofpeopleduringthelastfewyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.declined

B.detached

C.dismissed

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.declined謝絕B.detached拆卸；分離

C.dismissed解雇D.dispersed驅(qū)散

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線(xiàn)詞的主語(yǔ)為“硅谷最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司”，賓語(yǔ)為“數(shù)百人”，原詞laidoff“解雇”，原文表達(dá)某公司解雇了很多人。因此，C選項(xiàng)dismissed“解雇”滿(mǎn)足前后語(yǔ)義銜接，且最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)declined“謝絕”，側(cè)重于指禮貌地拒絕接受某事（如邀請(qǐng)）或做某事；

B選項(xiàng)detached“拆卸；分離”，側(cè)重于指使一個(gè)事物從另一個(gè)事物上分離，或者使一件事與另一件事分離；

D選項(xiàng)dispersed“驅(qū)散”，側(cè)重于指讓集中的人群散開(kāi)。

【句意】在過(guò)去幾年里硅谷最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司解雇了數(shù)百人。

14.單選題

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheavierdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thate