考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Humanbeingsarecapable（1）thought;theyareswayedbyemotions.Wecanleavetothephilosopherandthephysiciansuchquestions（2）thepowerofthemindtoabstract,tocomprehendandtoreason,thenatureofinstincts,theactionandinteractionofintellectandwillandemotions.（3）whenmenthinkandfeeldeeply,theirnormalreactionistowishtocommunicatetheirthoughtsandtheirfeelings.Thesharingfulfillsa（4）needinhumannature.Menliveinsociety;theydonotnormallyliveinisolation.Whenonehumanbeingwishedtoconveyhis（5）toanother,hehastomakeuseofamedium,abridge.Thatbridgeislanguage.

Thescience（6）objectisthestudyoflanguageisknownasLinguists.ThestudentofLinguisticsisconcernedwitheveryaspectofthisconveyingofideasfromonemindtoanother,withlanguageasameansofinter-communication,whetheritisspoken,picturedorwritten.Themorespecializedbranchofthisstudywhichisconcernedonlywithspokenlanguage,morespecificallywiththesoundsusedinspeech,（7）knownasPhonetics.

Noweveninthisscientificage,communicationisstill（8）oral.Itisstilltruetosaythegreatmajorityofinformationisconveyedbymeansofthespokenword.Itisself-evidentthatbeforeanylanguagecanbewrittenitmustbespoken.Itis,（9）,quitepossible,asweknowfromexamplesuptoowntimes,tohaveliteraturewithoutliteracy.Thepenandtheprintingpressmerelyhivevisualpermanencetomessageswhichwouldotherwisehavetobetransmittedbythetongueandreceivedbytheear.Writingis,ofcourse,apowerfuldefenseagainsttheravagesoftimeordistance,amorepermanentandreliablestorehouse（10

）humanmemory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.of

C.at

D.for

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.in

C.as

D.to

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.And

C.Then

D.But

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.deep-seat

B.deep-seated

C.deepseat

D.deep-seating

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.thoughts

C.thinking

D.thinkings

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.whose

D.what

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.are

C.being

D.as

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.largely

B.merely

C.specifically

D.particularly

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.asaresult

C.onthecontrary

D.infact

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.than

C.as

D.in

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】（1）becapableof為固定搭配,意為“具有…能力,能夠...”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（2）根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)與such搭配使用,suchas意為“比如...,諸如...”。這里指“諸如...的問(wèn)題”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（3）結(jié)合上下文及句意可知,這里應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,上一句提到“我們可以把這些問(wèn)題留給哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生”；下一句“但當(dāng)人們深入思考和感受時(shí),他們的正常反應(yīng)是希望表達(dá)自己的想法和感受。”選項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（4）deep-seated指“深層的,根深蒂固的”。選項(xiàng)B正確,其他選項(xiàng)的形式都不正確。

（5）根據(jù)句意可知,這里是把思想傳達(dá)給另一個(gè)人。thinking是一個(gè)總的概念,指人的思想；thought是具體的某個(gè)想法。且這里應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（6）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里為定語(yǔ)從句,用關(guān)系代詞whose表示“的”。句意：以語(yǔ)言為研究對(duì)象的科學(xué)被稱為語(yǔ)言學(xué)家。

（7）填空處前面為插入語(yǔ)可暫時(shí)忽略不看,句子的主語(yǔ)為themorespecializedbranch,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),選項(xiàng)A正確。

（8）根據(jù)下文可知,這里要表達(dá)的是：現(xiàn)在,即使是在科學(xué)時(shí)代,溝通仍然主要是口頭的。largely指“主要地,大部分”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（9）結(jié)合上下句可知,兩者之間存在因果關(guān)系。任何語(yǔ)言都是先說(shuō)出來(lái)再被寫出來(lái),因此,在人類沒有讀寫能力之前文學(xué)就有可能是存在的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

（10）根據(jù)句意：寫作是人類記憶更持久、更可靠的寶庫(kù)。所以用of表示“的”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(關(guān)系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動(dòng)力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能無(wú)法活下去:既不知道快樂(lè)也不知道恐懼，他們可能會(huì)重復(fù)對(duì)自己有益的行為，也會(huì)重復(fù)對(duì)自己有害的行為?！毖韵轮饩褪侨藗儾恢朗裁词虑閷?duì)自己有益處，什么事情有害，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們無(wú)法學(xué)習(xí):他們無(wú)法從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)沒有感情的世界將缺乏獎(jiǎng)賞和懲罰?？芍藗儚莫?jiǎng)賞和懲罰中學(xué)習(xí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動(dòng)力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱將會(huì)被毀滅，因?yàn)閽?000萬(wàn)美元并不會(huì)比掙10美元帶來(lái)更多快樂(lè)，沒有了工作的動(dòng)力。事實(shí)上，任何事情的動(dòng)力都沒有了，因?yàn)槲覀冎绖?dòng)力反映了享受它們的能力?！笨芍?jīng)濟(jì)的支柱是工作的動(dòng)力，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我們對(duì)事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)認(rèn)同感，認(rèn)為某些事物和行為是"好的"而另一些是"壞的"。事實(shí)上，社會(huì)利用我們的情感反應(yīng)和態(tài)度，如忠誠(chéng)、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪，來(lái)維持自身。”可知B項(xiàng)“它們是維持社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的基礎(chǔ)。”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)我們的情緒對(duì)物體進(jìn)行分類。誠(chéng)然，我們會(huì)考慮物體的長(zhǎng)度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但它對(duì)我們做了什么或能做什么更重要——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、憤怒或高興。”可知物體的情感方面能夠引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)フ{(diào)整自己的行為以便更好地適應(yīng)周圍的環(huán)境。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Thesoldierwas（

）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。scold和punish一般與介詞for搭配；charge一般指具有法律效應(yīng)的控告；accuse一般指指控，指責(zé)。beaccusedof為固定搭配，意為“被指控”。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,corporatebudgetsforresearchdevelopmentareoften（）beforeanyothers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifted

B.examined

C.slashed

D.presented

【答案】C

【解析】shift轉(zhuǎn)移,變換；examine檢查；slash削減；present提出,呈現(xiàn)。句意：在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期,企業(yè)的研究開發(fā)預(yù)算往往比其他任何時(shí)候都要先削減。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thepost-WorldWarIIbaby___resultedina43%increaseinthenumberofteenagersinthe1960sand1970s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boost

B.boom

C.production

D.prosperity

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)boost“推動(dòng)；幫助；宣揚(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)boom“繁榮；（某種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、音樂(lè)等）突然風(fēng)靡的時(shí)期；吊桿；隆隆聲；水柵；帆桁”；C選項(xiàng)production“成果；產(chǎn)品；生產(chǎn)；作品”；D選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮，成功”。結(jié)合空格前baby，組成固定搭配babyboom“嬰兒潮；生育高峰”。句意：二戰(zhàn)后的嬰兒潮導(dǎo)致60年代和70年代的青少年人數(shù)增加了43%。B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thereisnopoint（

）thegame,unlessyoupracticeeveryday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolearntoplay

B.bylearningtoplay

C.inlearningtoplay

D.havinglearnedtoplay

【答案】C

【解析】句意:除非你天天練習(xí)，不然學(xué)玩游戲是沒有意義的。

考查固定搭配。Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事沒意義。

7.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswouldlegitimizeherlongeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.testify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。legitimize意為“使合法化，證明……為有理（或正當(dāng)）”；justify意為“證明……有理”；testify意為“作證”；rectify意為“改正，校正”；verify意為“核實(shí)，查對(duì)”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到確定所得到的結(jié)果可以證明自己長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的努力是有理由的。

8.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列舉了除了______以外的女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者可能遇到的困難。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問(wèn)題

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在獲得政府援助方面的問(wèn)題

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“……消費(fèi)者歧視個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的女性。此外，自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視。”，從中可知，女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者會(huì)碰到困難包括消費(fèi)者、供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視，以及更難找到好員工，只有D項(xiàng)“在獲得政府援助方面的問(wèn)題”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視”、B項(xiàng)“來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”和C項(xiàng)“獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問(wèn)題”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.關(guān)于私人雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視，下列哪個(gè)結(jié)論作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)婦女的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的第三和第四句“歧視程度的不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致與雇主類型有關(guān)的收入差異。根據(jù)政府和私人雇主的性質(zhì)來(lái)看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視?！笨芍退饺斯椭鞫加衅缫?，但是私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大，所以作者更有可能同意B項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”的結(jié)論。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響”根據(jù)第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧視，與女性在私營(yíng)企業(yè)就業(yè)所得相比，政府就業(yè)將對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生積極的影響”可知，政府雇主和私營(yíng)雇主對(duì)女性的收入有不同的影響，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都會(huì)歧視，該項(xiàng)中的possible與原文不符合，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一項(xiàng)對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)踐的研究表明，對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒有歧視，這往往與______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究結(jié)果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建議

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.?？怂沟募僭O(shè)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“從布朗的研究結(jié)果可以推斷出……自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”可知，布朗的研究結(jié)果表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)歧視女性自營(yíng)者，這與金融機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)于對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒有歧視的實(shí)踐的研究相矛盾。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“?？怂沟囊恍┏醪窖芯拷Y(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“福克斯的假設(shè)”沒有提到金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)女性的歧視，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“作者提出的建議”文中沒有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根據(jù)布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的順序排列，分別是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇傭，私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“對(duì)于男性來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)是收入最高的行業(yè)，其次是私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭最低。對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)順序是相反的?！?，從中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的順序與男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇傭，私人雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭”、C項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭”和D項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

9.翻譯題

TheEnglishlanguagedoesnotstandstillanymorethanourotherinstitutions.Alllanguagechangesoveraperiodoftime,forreasonswhichareimperfectlyunderstood.Orrather,sincespeechisreallyaformofhumanactivity,likedancingorplayingthepiano-andnotanentityinitself-itismoreexacttosaythateachsuccessivegenerationbehaveslinguisticallyinalightlydifferentmannerfromitspredecessors.Inhisteenstheyoungmanisimpatientofwhatheconsiderstobetheundulyformalandunnaturalvocabularyandpronunciationofhiseldersandhelikestoshowhowuptodateheisbytheuseofthelatestslang,butastheyearsgoby,someofhisslangbecomesstandardusageandinanycaseheslowlygrowslessreceptivetolinguisticnovelties.

【答案】英語(yǔ)和我們的其他體系一樣，不會(huì)停滯不前。所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生變化，變化的原因人們還不完全理解。或者更確切地說(shuō)，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言是人類活動(dòng)的一種形式，就像跳舞或演奏鋼琴一樣，而不是一種實(shí)體本身，因此更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是每一代人與上一代相比，在語(yǔ)言行為上都略有不同。青少年會(huì)認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)輩的語(yǔ)言過(guò)于正式，詞匯和發(fā)音都不自然，對(duì)此他們失去耐心，他們會(huì)急于顯示自己的時(shí)髦，使用最新的俚語(yǔ)，但是隨著歲月的流逝，他們使用一些俚語(yǔ)就變成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，同時(shí)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言上的創(chuàng)新，他們也不像過(guò)去那樣歡迎了。

10.單選題

Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem（）todifferentpublishers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensationally

B.simultaneously

C.strenuously

D.simply

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。sensational轟動(dòng)的、聳人聽聞的；simultaneously同時(shí)地；strenuous緊張的，費(fèi)力的；simply簡(jiǎn)單地。由前半句“她將這首詩(shī)復(fù)印了兩份”以及后半句的“不同的出版商”可推知她同時(shí)將兩份復(fù)印件寄給了不同的出版商。故B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist,tradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployee-shipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeeratherthanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,

（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis

（

）.

4.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployee-shiphelpsone（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

B.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

C.moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tosolvetechnicalproblems

C.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“whenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.50年前，“受雇”意味著當(dāng)工廠工人或農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人，而今天的雇員越來(lái)越多地是受過(guò)正規(guī)教育的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，從事需要智力和技術(shù)技能的專業(yè)或管理工作。”可知50年前受雇人群以工人為主，技術(shù)類人才較少。故D項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)原文內(nèi)容不符，AB項(xiàng)文中未提及。答案D

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第—段中“middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker…h(huán)asbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和上層階級(jí)雇員一直是我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人口中增長(zhǎng)最快的群體，其增長(zhǎng)速度如此之快，以至于盡管工業(yè)生產(chǎn)在擴(kuò)大，但工人在數(shù)量上的重要性卻在下降?！笨芍R(shí)分子雇員的數(shù)量增多，而工業(yè)工人的數(shù)量減少。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.越來(lái)越多的人，尤其是在大企業(yè)或政府部門，員工關(guān)系比特殊的專業(yè)知識(shí)或技能對(duì)成功更重要?？芍狝項(xiàng)“專業(yè)技能或知識(shí)沒有員工關(guān)系重要”是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第二段中“thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.你爬得越高，就越會(huì)從事行政或執(zhí)行工作，就越強(qiáng)調(diào)在組織內(nèi)工作的能力，而不是技術(shù)能力或?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)?！笨芍诠緝?nèi)部良好的工作關(guān)系能使人們的職業(yè)生涯更成功。答案A

12.單選題

OnJanuary1st,manypeoplemakeaNewYear（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.determination

C.dedication

D.resolution

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)intention“意向，意圖，目的”；B選項(xiàng)determination“決心，果斷（指自覺地正式表示的決心,含極強(qiáng)的主觀能動(dòng)意味）”；C選項(xiàng)dedication“奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)身”；D選項(xiàng)resolution“決議，決心（側(cè)重堅(jiān)定不移的頑強(qiáng)意志力）”。句意：在1月1日，許多人都許下新年_____。NewYearresolution是固定搭配，意為“新年愿望”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕首外,貨箱內(nèi)裝滿陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分詞作狀語(yǔ),花瓶應(yīng)該是被打碎的,所以用broken。

14.單選題

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。endangered意為“快要絕種的”；domesticated意為“馴化了的”；indigenous意為“本地的，土生土長(zhǎng)的”；extinct意為“滅絕的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（這里所有的動(dòng)物都是從外地引進(jìn)的）可知前面表示這個(gè)地區(qū)的動(dòng)物不是土生土長(zhǎng)的，選C。

句意：我了解到這個(gè)地區(qū)沒有真正本土的動(dòng)物，這里所有的動(dòng)物都是從外地引進(jìn)的。

15.單選題

Hisflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singular

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干flamboyant“炫耀的，浮夸的”。A項(xiàng)“迂回的；不正直的”，B項(xiàng)“幽默的”，C項(xiàng)“單一的；異常的”，D項(xiàng)“炫耀的，浮夸的”，因此只有D符合。句意：他浮夸的性格結(jié)合了機(jī)智和感性。

16.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“挑釁，蔑視”；B選項(xiàng)“文件編制，文檔”；C選項(xiàng)“維持，保養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)“支配，統(tǒng)治”；根據(jù)句意‘繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察的中國(guó)人可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻(xiàn)記錄者，并且基于這一原因，中國(guó)人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對(duì)自然事件最悠久連續(xù)的文獻(xiàn)記載?！_定B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

品德是由那些價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組成。它們可以作為你的生活指南，能使你的生活充滿意義和深刻內(nèi)涵，并且是建立在“你是哪種人”的基礎(chǔ)上。它們包含諸如正直、誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇敢、公正和寬宏這些特點(diǎn)——這些特點(diǎn)是在我們生活中經(jīng)過(guò)一次次必要的艱難選擇而形成的。

【答案】Moralitiesconsistofthosestandardsofvaluesandstandardsofconduct.Theyserveasaguidetolifethatfillslifewithmeaningandprofoundcontent,andisbasedon“whichoneyouare”.Theyhavesuchcharacteristicsasintegrity,honesty,courage,justiceandmagnanimity.Thesecharacteristicsareshapedbythenecessaryhardchoiceswemakeoverandoverinourlives.

18.單選題

TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepr