【教學(xué)資料精創(chuàng)】高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)之名詞性從句課件

名詞性從句目錄定義連接詞的用法主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句practice每小結(jié)+最后↓在句中起的作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，主要包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句。Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.Hedidn’ttellmewherethemeetingwouldbeheld.I’llforevercherishthedayswhenistudiedabroad.Thedoubtiswhohasgotawaywiththedocument.主語(yǔ)從句：從句做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句：從句做賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句：從句做表語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句：從句做同位語(yǔ)定

義引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞可分為三類：叢屬連詞，連接代詞，連接副詞叢屬連詞：that;whether;ifThatweneedmoreequipmentisobvious.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Itisdoubtfuliftheworkcanbecompletedontime.that,whether,if在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；that沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義(可省略)，whether，if翻譯成“是否”不能省略。引導(dǎo)詞的用法引導(dǎo)詞的用法引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞可分為三類：叢屬連詞，連接代詞，連接副詞連接代詞：what,whatever,which,whichever,who,whoever,whom,whose等。Whatyousaidisright.whowillbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.連接代詞在從句中既作特定成分，又有具體的含義，不能省略。Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindowswillhavetopayforit.引導(dǎo)詞的用法引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞可分為三類：叢屬連詞，連接代詞，連接副詞連接副詞：when,why,where,how,whenever,wherever等Sometimes,howweshowourgratitudetoapersonisreflectedinthekindoffoodweservehimorher.Whenthenewroadisopentotraffichasnotbeenmadeclear.Hedidn’ttellmewherethemeetingwouldbeheld.連接副詞在從句做狀語(yǔ)，又有具體的含義，不能省略主語(yǔ)從句①Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.②Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.③Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.延遲的飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。從她們的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出是親姐妹。影片中最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)兒子深厚的愛(ài)。①Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsistrue.一、that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句that置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句that從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后置Itisobviousthatyou’vemadeabigmistakeItisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.注意：Itisnecessary/imporant/surprising/unthinkable/unbeliecable/incredible+that從句中，常用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；常用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以被省略

Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteroneortwoforeignlanguages.necessary,right,unlikely,strange,natural,certain,clear,possible,obvious,important.1.It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句英譯漢2.It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞（詞組）+that從句真遺憾，你昨天沒(méi)參加講座。Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.pity/honour/shame/wonder/goodnews/nowonder/fact難怪你取得了這么大成功。Itisnowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.漢譯英Itissaidthat據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道Itissuggestedthat有人提議Itisadvisedthat有人建議3.It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句Itisthoughtthat人們認(rèn)為Itisconsideredthat人們認(rèn)為Itiswell-knownthat眾所周知Itishopedthat人們希望Itisannouncedthat據(jù)宣布人們普遍認(rèn)為，男孩比女孩更擅長(zhǎng)理科Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceedincarryingoutthisexperiment據(jù)說(shuō)，這位教授已經(jīng)成功進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)據(jù)報(bào)道，在事故中沒(méi)有乘客受傷ItisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccidentItisgenerallyconsideredthatboysarebetteratsciencethangirls.漢譯英4.It+

動(dòng)詞（+賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+that從句Itoccurredtomethatweshouldgetintouchwiththemanager.IthappenedthatIwasawaywhenhecalled我突然想起來(lái)我們應(yīng)該與經(jīng)理取得聯(lián)系他打電話時(shí)，我碰巧不在家Ithappensthat碰巧Itfollowsthat接下來(lái)Itseems/appearsthat看來(lái)、似乎Itturnsoutthat

結(jié)果……漢譯英主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的四種情況一般情況下，主語(yǔ)從句可用形式主語(yǔ)it代替而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句后置，也可將主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，大多數(shù)情況下兩者可以互換。在下列四種情況下主語(yǔ)從句不可提前而必須用形式主語(yǔ)it代替而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句后置。

a、Itissaid/believed/reportedthat……結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不可提前。Itwasreportedthatawarbetweenthetwocountriesbrokeout.Thatawarbetweenthetwocountriesbrokeoutwasreported.（正）（錯(cuò)）b、Ithappens/occurs……結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不可提前。IthappensthatImeetmyoldfriendinthecinema.（正）（錯(cuò)）ThatImeetmyoldfriendinthecinemahappens.

（正）（錯(cuò)）ItoccurredtomethatIhadn’tlockedthedoor.ThatIhadn’tlockedthedooroccurredtome.Whetheryoubuyitornotdoesn’tmatter.c、Itdoesn’tmatter……結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不可提前Isthathehasjoinedthearmyafact?Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoubuyitornot.（正）（錯(cuò)）d、含主語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前Isitafactthathehasjoinedthearmy?（正）（錯(cuò)）二、whether/if/wh-類引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.Itisunknownwhether/ifhehasagreedtomyplan.Whatmakesthebooksoextrordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.Whatthekidwantedwasonlyanewschoolbagwhether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句可放句首，句末；if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句末，前面需要用it作形式主語(yǔ)。wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)也可用it做形式主語(yǔ)；what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式遵循意義一致的原則。Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillpresideoverthemeeting.Whatthekidwantedweresomenewbooks.易混辨析

whether與if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：④Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesinwhateffectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.我們能否有干凈的飲用水依賴于政府將采取什么樣的有效措施處理水污染問(wèn)題。這一想法能否付諸實(shí)施還有待觀察。⑤Itremainstobeseenwhetherornotthisideacanbeputintopractice.主語(yǔ)從句位于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引導(dǎo)；若用it作形式主語(yǔ)，則if與whether可互換。1．Itisnotaproblem________wecanwinthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.2．Butperhaps________manytouristsandSanFranciscanstreasuremostaboutChinatownisitsfood.3．Itisestimated________coralreefscontributebillionsofdollarstotheworldeconomyannually,providingfood，protectionofshorelines，andjobs.檢

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收whetherwhatthat我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會(huì)做的事情。Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.杰里不后悔給出評(píng)論，但是覺(jué)得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方法來(lái)表達(dá)。I'dliketostartmyownbusiness－that'swhatI'ddoifIhadthemoney.表語(yǔ)從句用作表語(yǔ)的從句稱為表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句放在系動(dòng)詞之后充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that不可省略，表示“是否”時(shí)只能用whether不能用if。也可由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有be、look、remain、seem等。你犯錯(cuò)誤的原因是你缺乏自信疑惑的是誰(shuí)偷走了文件為什么不去市中心碰碰運(yùn)氣呢？那里是有最好的工作的地方。Thereasonforyourmistakesisthatyoulackconfidence.Thedoubtiswhohasgotawaywiththedocument.Whynottryyourluckdowntown?That’swherethebestjobsare.

英譯漢asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在be動(dòng)詞seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等動(dòng)詞之后。Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwas

asif

agreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.2．a(chǎn)sif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句ItsoundsasifyouarefromthesouthoftheUnitedStates.Itlooksasifitisgoingtobefine.3．because，why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Thereasonwhyhedidn'tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.(1)Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)(2)Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……(3)Thatiswhy...那就是……的原因(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%被水所覆蓋。他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試的原因是他太粗心了。because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)不能是reason或cause(該結(jié)構(gòu)常用that引導(dǎo))。常見(jiàn)的表語(yǔ)從句句型：(1)Itlooks/seemsasif...好像……；仿佛……(2)Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat..(should+)動(dòng)詞原形.ItsoundsasifyouarefromthesouthoftheUnitedStates.Itlooksasifitisgoingtobefine.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustitaside.Thecaptain’sorderwasthatwe(should)startoutimmediatelyitgotdawn.TheproposaloftheUNisthatapeace-keepingforce(should)besenttothearea.Whatsurprisedusmostwasthathecamelateagain.(3)what從句＋be＋that從句最讓我們驚訝的是他又遲到了。(4)AistoBwhatCistoDA對(duì)于B就像C對(duì)于D一樣Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.1．Anotherreasonis________manyoftoday'syoungpeoplebelieveit'swrongtokillanimalsforfood.2．Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.3.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis

shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplcaeslikeshopsandrestaurants.4.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot

shipsarebuiltfor.5.Byboatistheonlywaytogetthere,whichis

wearrived.6.whenwearechoosingfurniture,youonlyfoucsonfunctionwhileithinkmoreaboutthedesign.That’s

wediffer.thatwhatthatwhathowwhere檢

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收1.動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句我不明白他是怎樣買到一輛這么昂貴的轎車的。動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

介詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

形容詞+賓語(yǔ)從句Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowwhatittakestostartabusinesshere請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候討論我們的工作計(jì)劃我懷疑他是否會(huì)來(lái)參加我們的婚禮Ican’tseehowheboughtsuchanexpensivecarPleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Idoubtwhetherhewillcometothewedding.大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以接賓語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：findout;pointout;figureout;makesure/certain;keep/bearinmindCanyoufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeaninthispoem?請(qǐng)查明那艘船什么時(shí)候起航開(kāi)往紐約？PleasefindoutwhentheshipsailsforNewYork?

我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記：運(yùn)動(dòng)不但可以幫助我們?cè)鰪?qiáng)我們的體質(zhì)，而且還能發(fā)展我們的個(gè)性Weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanhelpusdevelopbothourbodiesandcharacters.

當(dāng)你上交試卷時(shí)前要確保試卷上一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤也沒(méi)有Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouhandthemin.可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.Ihavemadeitarulethatikeepdiaries.有些動(dòng)詞或詞組帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在從句前加it，如hate，like，dislike，appreciate，seeto，dependon等，takeitforgranted中的it是位于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中而不是從句前。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Somestudentsjusttakeitforgrantedthattheywillpasstheexam.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.若賓語(yǔ)從句是由wh-類詞引導(dǎo)的，其后有tobe短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，則不可用it代替WeallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievableWeallconsiderittobeunbelievablewhatyousaid√×Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.Wediscoveredittobevaluablewhatwehadlearned.√×動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

介詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

形容詞+賓語(yǔ)從句Marthaisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.一般情況下，介詞后常用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.凱特對(duì)她在展覽上看到的東西很感興趣Katewasinterestedinwhatshehadseenattheexhibition.我感謝你所有的事。Ithankforwhatyouhavedone.practice一般情況下that賓語(yǔ)從句不能同介詞搭配，只有在少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后可接that賓語(yǔ)從句如：in、but、except、save、notwithunderstanding。已經(jīng)形成固定的習(xí)慣搭配，inthat（在于、由于）、butthat（要不是……）、except/savethat（除了）、notwithunderstandingthat（雖然）。Iwilldomybestnotwithunderstandingthattheresultisunknown.Thecompositionisgoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.Theyoungmancan’tdothejobinthatitistoughandcomplicated.他們看上去很相似，除了其中一個(gè)稍高一點(diǎn)。practice他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把業(yè)余時(shí)間用在讀書上TheylookverysimilarexceptthatoneisalittletallerHedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

介詞+賓語(yǔ)從句；

形容詞+賓語(yǔ)從句表示“情感”的形容詞，如sure,certain,glad.pleased.happy,afraid.surprised,satisfied,sorry等后可接賓語(yǔ)從句I’mverypleasedthatallofyourfamilywillcome.I’msurethatthey’llmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題（1）賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序表疑問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)從句需要陳述句語(yǔ)序Theycouldn’tunderstandwhyirefused.Weareworriedaboutwhatweshoulddonext.（2）賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞that的省略由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句在一般情況下that可以省略，但是在下列情況下that常不可省略。①一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)that可省略，第二個(gè)和后面幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.接著老師開(kāi)始告訴我們關(guān)于法語(yǔ)的一些事情，他說(shuō)法語(yǔ)是世界上最美的語(yǔ)言，我們必須保留這種語(yǔ)言，永遠(yuǎn)不能忘記。②賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Tomtoldmethathewouldwin.③有it做形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Weallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.我們都認(rèn)為孩子在長(zhǎng)身體時(shí)喝很多牛奶是重要的。④當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)HesaidthatstudingEnglishwasveryhard.⑤主語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)置于賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)Irealizedatoncethatihaddonewrongimmediatelyshetoldmeallaboutthis.⑥主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Everyonecouldsay,ibelieve,thatTomwasreallyafraid.⑦賓語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)置于該從句句首時(shí)Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.⑧當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)Lisahasmadeuphermindthatshewillstudyhardforthescholarship.⑨在agree,explain等動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Heexplainedthatwhathereallylikedaboutthejobwasthatitwashealthy.Finally,heagreedthatishoulddothework.（3）賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess,expect等，且賓語(yǔ)從句表示否定含義時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句Idon’tthinkthatheisagoodchild.我認(rèn)為他不是一個(gè)好孩子（4）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，因而在使用時(shí)要注意主從句兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)一致。①主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用除過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)以外任何所需的時(shí)態(tài)。Iknowthatpeople’shandwritingchangesastheygetolder.DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbagan?②主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butididn’tknowwhichcountryhewasin.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.注

意①如果主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)的是科學(xué)真理或自然規(guī)律的內(nèi)容，那么從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制Theteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.②有時(shí)盡管主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但賓語(yǔ)從句中有絕對(duì)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞扔用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）Shetoldmethatsheboughtacomputerin2005.2．在whether/if連接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，whether/if意為“是否”，但在whether...ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中，或者whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及whether＋todo結(jié)構(gòu)中和whether引導(dǎo)的從句作少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether，不能用if來(lái)替換。我不知道是否出發(fā)去北京。We'veofferedherthejob，butIdon'tknowwhethershe'llacceptit.我們已經(jīng)為她提供了這份工作，但我不知道她是否會(huì)接受。Idon'tknowwhethertosetoffforBeijingornot.1．Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.2．Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan________theygo.3．I'mnotsure________ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorillathatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.4.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof

_____

othersactuallyunderstand.5.-Iwonder____Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.-Byworkingouteveryday.

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收直接引語(yǔ)&間接引語(yǔ)引述別人的話一般有兩種形式：一種是引用原話，放于括號(hào)內(nèi)，即為直接引語(yǔ)；一種是用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放于引號(hào)內(nèi)，即為間接引語(yǔ)。1.各種句式的轉(zhuǎn)換（1）直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句：轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，也可省略that，主句引述動(dòng)詞主要為say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等。Thedoctorsaidtome:”Youshouldtakeplentyofwaterandeatmorevegetables.”Thedoctortoldmethatishouldtakeplentyofwaterandeatmorevegetables.直接引語(yǔ)&間接引語(yǔ)（2）直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句：間接引語(yǔ)必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。①直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)基本句式：主語(yǔ)+asked（sb）+if/whether從句Hesaid: ＂Haveyoureadthisbook?”Heaskedmeif/whetherihadreadthatbook.Hesaidtome，“Canyouhelpme?”Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelpher直接引語(yǔ)&間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)基本句式：主語(yǔ)+asked（sb）+wh-從句“Whydidyoulietoyourparents?”Isaidtohim.Iaskedhimwhyhehadliedtohisparents.直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)基本句式：主語(yǔ)+asked（sb）+whether...or...“Areyouhappyornot?”Iaskedher.Iaskedherwhethershewashappyornot.直接引語(yǔ)&間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句間接引語(yǔ)基本句式：主語(yǔ)+asked/told/ordered/begged/advised...+sbtodoHetoldme，“Standstill.”Heorderedmetostandstill.直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句間接引語(yǔ)可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)“Whatabeautifulfloweritis.”shetoldhim.Shetoldhimwhatabeautifulfloweritwas直接引語(yǔ)&間接引語(yǔ)2.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，在人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞等方面需要根據(jù)具體的情景進(jìn)行變化。人稱的變化直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱一般轉(zhuǎn)化為第三人稱。人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換要符合邏輯，具體情況具體對(duì)待。Isaidtoher，“Iwilldropoutofschool.”Isaidtoher,“Youhadbetterstartoutearlier.”Isaidtoyou，“Heisanhonestperson.”

→ItoldhimthatIwoulddropoutofschool.

→Itoldherthatshehadbetterstartoutearlier.

→Itoldyouthathewasanhonestperson.時(shí)態(tài)的變化如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)相應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)“Iamverygladtovisityourschool,”shesaid.→Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid:”Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomesaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Mothersaid:”HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”→MotheraskedmewhetherihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeiwatchedTVHeaskedtheconductor,”Whereshalligetoff?”→Heaskedtheconductorwhereheshouldgetoff?“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)指示代詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，方向性動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythatdaythiseveningthateveningyesterdaythedaybeforethepreviousdaylastnightthenightbeforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforenextweekthenextweekthefollowingweektomorrowthenextdaythefollowingdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforethedayaftertomorrowintwodays’time直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthatthesethose地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere方向性動(dòng)詞bringtakecomego3.時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化的情況（1）直接引語(yǔ)有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間Hesaid,”Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”（2）只著眼于轉(zhuǎn)述事實(shí)，而不側(cè)重動(dòng)作先于轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)作的時(shí)間Theboysaid,“Ifoundthedogjustattheedgeofthewoods.”（3）所轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)說(shuō)話時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)，并對(duì)此加以強(qiáng)調(diào)Thereportersaid,”ThewarintheMiddleEastisnowstillon.”→Hesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s→Theboysaidthathefoundthedogjustattheedgeofthewoods.→ThereportersaidthatthewarintheMiddleEastisnowstillon.（4）所轉(zhuǎn)述的是自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)真理，名言警句等，并對(duì)此加以強(qiáng)調(diào)“Theearthmovesaroundthesun”theteachersaidtous.（5）在when,while,since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中Hesaid,”Itismanyyearssincehecametolivethere.（6）直接引語(yǔ)中含有某些沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可用原來(lái)形式，也可用其他適當(dāng)表示法，但是要注意保持意義。Hesaid,”Youmustbeveryfondofart.→Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.→Hesaidthatitwasmanyyearssincehecametolivethere.→Hesaidthatimustbeveryfondofart.（7）直接引語(yǔ)是習(xí)慣性行為Hesaid,”Iusuallygetupat5:30andgotoschoolat7:00.”（8）直接引語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)daysago是從說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)算起Hesaid,”Imetherthreedaysago.”（9）直接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間未到“I‘llbecomingtomorrow,”shesaid.（10）直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式Iinsisted,”Youshouldgiveupsmokinganddrinking.Hesaidthatheusuallygetsupat5:30andgoestoschoolat7:00.Hesaidthathemetherthreedaysbefore.Shesaidthatshe’llbecomingthenextday.Iinsistedthatheshouldgiveupsmokinganddrinking.同位語(yǔ)從句什么是同位語(yǔ)？對(duì)句子中某一名詞（詞組）做進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，與前面的名詞（詞組）在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)常常置于被說(shuō)明的詞之后?？梢宰魍徽Z(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞和從句等。Wehavetwoforeignteachers,aCanadianandanAmerican.Theyeachcangetachancetotravelbyair.Wetwowillgotoseeyou.Thenewsthathewillcomeistrue.名詞作同位語(yǔ)代詞作同位語(yǔ)數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ)從句作同位語(yǔ)1.同位語(yǔ)從句通常用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義也不作成分，但是不能省略，從句也要用陳述語(yǔ)序。同位語(yǔ)從句還可用whether，when，where，why，how等引導(dǎo)。一般if不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.Thehopethathecancometolifeisveryfaint.ThefactthatBeijingisthecapitalofChinaisknowntoallofus.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome.Haveyouheardthenewsthathewillmarrysoon?2.接同位語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)名詞：belief,explanayion,idea,opinion,thought,truth,question,problem,report,advice,word(消息),doubt,hope,news,promise,evidence等。我不知道那個(gè)記者從哪里得到的消息。Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我對(duì)自己做出承諾：今年，是我上高中的第一年，將會(huì)與以往不同。Ihavenoideawherethejournalistcouldhavegothisinformationfrom.我們已聽(tīng)說(shuō)在我們的家長(zhǎng)要在長(zhǎng)江上修建一座新鋼橋的消息We’veheardthenewsthatanewsteelbridgewillbebuiltovertheYangtzeRiverinourhometown.常見(jiàn)的后接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞1．ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2．Thisshouldserveasawarning_____peopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhenroads.3.Imadeapromisetomyself______thisyear,myfirstyearinhighshcool,wouldbedifferent.4.--Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?--Noproblem.5.--IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?--Yeah,butihavenoidea_____hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.thatthatthatthatwhy檢

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收特殊講解定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不同定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征、來(lái)源等；同位語(yǔ)從句則用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容Thefactthathepresentedwasastrongproof.Thefactthatshehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明fact的來(lái)源同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容that在句中所起的作用不同that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞，連接主句和從句，并代表先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，當(dāng)that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略；that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞，只起連接主句和從句的作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省略。Thenewsthat/which/weheardspreadalloverthecity.WeexpressedthehopethatMrsSmithwouldcometovisitChinathenextyear.作修飾的名詞不同同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞數(shù)量有限，往往是含有某種信息的詞，如message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,doubt,fear,truth,thought等，而定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞無(wú)限制Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.Afterthisheisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句判斷從句Thenewsthatourteamwhothegameexcitedusall.Thenewsthatradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.Thenewisthatourteamwonthegame,是正確的，that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句不可改為Thenewswasthattheradiobroadcastthat引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句IwillrememberthetimewheniwontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetitionforever.定語(yǔ)從句Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwhenweshouldstart.同位語(yǔ)從句1．Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.2．However，thefactis________batsplayasignificantroleinkeepingabalancedecosystem.3．And________wedonowistodealwiththeplasticthatcausesgreatdamagetooursealife.4．WhilevisitingHangzhou'sWestLakeanditssurroundingbeautifulhills，you'llunderstand________it'sbeenagreatsourceofinspirationforartists，poemsandphilosophersthroughoutChinesehistory.whatthatwhatwhypractice語(yǔ)法填空解題“3步驟”2．一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來(lái)確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，用連接代詞；若缺少狀語(yǔ)就用連接副詞。3．如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。1．根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。1．Whenwearrivedatthepark,wewereamazedatthatwesaw.________________2．Firstly,goodsocialskillsandstrongorganizingabilityarethatIhaveacquiredinhighschoolthankstotheexperienceofservingasmonitor.________________3．Thenextday,LucygotaletterfromDougthankingherforrecognizingwhichhehaddoneandtheimportanceofhisjob.________________4．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive._______________5．MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.________________that→whatthat→whatwhich→whatthat→wherehow→what技法2短文改錯(cuò)解題技法1．檢查連接詞是否誤用：尤其注意容易混淆的that與what，that與which，which與what，if與whether;2．檢查連接詞是否漏掉或多余，以及使用連接代詞時(shí)從句中是否存在多余的句子成分；3．檢查賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)是否正確。

短文改錯(cuò)解題“3視角”BecauseofRichardSears'enthusiasmfor1.________(tradition)Chineseculture,hebeganlearningChinesein1972.2.________(attract)bytheancientlanguage,SearsoftenwentbackandforthbetweenChinaandAmerica.In1994,afterhisrecoveryfromasevereheartattack,hemadea3.________(decide)tomaketheancientChinesecharacters,Jiaguwen,availableonline.Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空traditionalAttracteddecisionFromthenon,SearsstartedprogrammingandbuildingadatabaseofJiaguwen.4.________tookhimsevenyearstoscanthecharactersinChineseancientbooks.In2002,theJiaguwenenthusiast'swebsite5.________(create),thoughwithonlyafewpageviewsperdayinthebeginning.Itroseto600,000perdayin2011afterabloggerrecommendedthesite6.________aChinesesocialmediaplatform.Itwascreated

on/by/through“Ibecamefamous7.________(instant)andwasgivenanickname‘UncleHanzi’”，Searssaidwithasmile.Uptillnow,thewebsitehasbeencontinuouslyupdated,8.________givesloversoftheancientlanguagefromallovertheworldfreeaccesstobrowsing(瀏覽)intheirfreetime.Atpresent,the70-year-oldAmericanhasmadehishomeinChina.Apartfrom9.________(take)partinsomesocial10.________(activity),Searsdevotesallhiseffortstothe